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	Ivar Giaever - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ivar Giaever (originally spelled Giæver) (born April 5, 1929 in Bergen, Norway) is a physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian David Josephson for work in solid-state physics.
		Giaever is an institute professor emeritus at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, a professor-at-large at the University of Oslo, and the president of Applied Biophysics.
		Ivar Giaever earned a degree in mechanical engineering from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1952 and emigrated from Norway to Canada in 1954, where he was employed by the Canadian division of General Electric and transferred to the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ivar_Giaever (227 words)

	Encyclopedia
		Later Giaever refined this method for use in spectroscopic analysis of the properties of superconductors.
		Giaever's work formed a foundation for the research of the British physicist Brian D. Josephson that resulted in his discovery of the
		Giaever, Esaki, and Josephson shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in physics “for their discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in solids.”
	history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..gi039650.a#FWNE.fw..g... (309 words)

	Ivar Giaever - Biography
		Ivar Giaever was born in Bergen, Norway, April 5, 1929, the second of three children.
		In 1953, Giaever completed his military duty as a corporal in the Norwegian Army, and thereafter he was employed for a year as a patent examiner for the Norwegian Government.
		Giaever has served on committees for several international conferences and presently he is a member of the Executive Committee of the Solid State division in the American Physical Society.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1973/giaever-bio.html (550 words)

	BookRags: Ivar Giaever Biography
		Giaever was born in Bergen, Norway, on April 5, 1929.
		Giaever studied the process of tunneling when two sheets of the same metal (aluminum) are joined by a nonconductor and when two unlike metals (aluminum and lead) are joined by a nonconductor.
		Giaever continued to work at the General Electric Research and Development Center in Schenectady until 1988, when he accepted an appointment as Institute Professor of Science at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/ivar-giaever-wsd (464 words)

	Taking The Animal Out Of Animal Testing
		Ivar Giaever, a Nobel Prize-winning biophysicist at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and Charlie Keese, a senior research scientist at the Institute, have developed the Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing-ECIS 100™--which uses electricity to study complex cell behavior.
		Giaever and Keese founded Applied Biophysics Inc. (www.biophysics.com) at the Rensselaer Incubator Center in 1993.
		Giaever recently presented his research at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual meeting in Anaheim, Calif., in January.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-04/RPI-TTAO-120499.php (461 words)

	The Vega Science Trust - Ivar Giaever - Freeview Video
		Ivar Giaever won the Nobel Prize in 1973 for his investigations of tunneling in semiconductors and superconductors.
		Giaever found on arrival in Toronto at the age of 25-26 years old that it was difficult to get a job and ‘went knocking on people’s doors’.
		Giaever is not religious and thinks religion is to blame for a lot of the ills of the world.
	www.vega.org.uk /video/programme/30 (405 words)

	Clarkson University - News - Nobel Laureate Ivar Giaever To Deliver Shipley Lectures At Clarkson University
		Norwegian-born American Giaever is a pioneer in studying the behavior of organic molecules at solid surfaces and the interaction of cells with surfaces.
		Giaever has been an adjunct professor at the University of California at San Diego and a visiting professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
		Ivar Giaever's lectures are co-sponsored by Clarkson's Center for Advanced Materials Processing and the School of Arts and Sciences.
	www.clarkson.edu /news/print.php?id=898 (674 words)

	Brian David Josephson
		Thanks to the pioneering work of Esaki, Giaever and Josephson, this year's physics laureates, the study of tunneling phenomena in solids has developed into a large and very active field of research that has led to many important results of a fundamental character and has opened new doors for technical applications.
		His experiment gave very direct evidence of the existence of the so-called energy gap in superconductors, which was one of the most important predictions of the theory of superconductivity developed by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer (awarded the Nobel Prize in 1972).
		Giaever's tunnel experiments inspired the young English physicist Brian D Jospehson to analyse more closely the theoretical description.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/josephson.html (827 words)

	Ivar Giaever - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Ivar Giaever - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Giaever, Ivar, born in 1929, Norwegian-born American physicist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in physics with Japanese physicist Leo Esaki and...
		Kreuger, Ivar (1880-1932), Swedish industrialist and financier, born in Kalmar.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Ivar_Giaever.html (60 words)

	Ivar Giæver - Nobel Prize Winner in Physics 1973
		Awarded a Nobel Prize in physics in 1973 for his work in electrical engineering, Ivar Giæver returned to Norway years later to take a professorship at the University of Oslo and address biophysical questions.
		Ivar Giæver was born in Bergen 5 April 1929.
		After working a year at a major Norwegian arms manufacturer, Giæver studied to become a machine engineer at the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH).
	www.uio.no /english/nobel_prize/giaever_eng.html (276 words)

	54th Lindau Meeting - 2004 Trip Report for Day Two
		Ivar Giaever of the United States gave a talk on how to begin a high tech business.
		Riccardo Giacconi and his wife Mirella, Dr. Ivar Giaever and his wife Inger, Dr. Brian Josephson and his wife Carol, and Dr. Martinus Veltman and his wife Anneke.
		In addition, the group was also joined by Dr.Dennis Patten, retired from the nuclear medicine department of the University of Arizona, and Dr. Jerry McClure from the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Sciences.
	www.orau.gov /lindau2004/report/day2.htm (535 words)

	Ivar Giaver
		Ivar Giaever was born in Bergen, Norway, on 5th April, 1929.
		Giaever emigrated to the United States in 1956 where he did graduate work at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York.
		Giaever's work on tunnelling and superconductivity won him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1973.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAgiaever.htm (131 words)

	Welcome to COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad
		Dr Ivar Giaever was born in Norway in 1929 and received the degree of Mechanical Engineering from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1952.
		The purpose of the visit is to highlight the importance of science and research and inspire students and faculty members.
		Dr Ivar Giaever shared 1973 Nobel Prize with Leo Esaki and Brian D. Josephson, for his pioneering work on the phenomenon of Tunneling in Superconductors.
	www.ciit.edu.pk /?Link=NewsEvents/NewsDetail&NewsID=99 (396 words)

	Clarkson University - News
		He received the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Leo Esaki and Brian D. Josephson for their discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in solids.
		The measurements are easily automated, and the general conditions of the cells can be monitored by a personal computer controlling the necessary instrumentation.
		In 1988 he became an Institute Professor of Science at RPI and Professor-at-Large at the University of Oslo, positions he currently holds.
	www.clarkson.edu /news/view.php?id=898 (696 words)

	Ivar Giaever Winner of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physics
		Ivar Giaever Winner of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physics
		Ivar Giaever - Nobel Lecture (submitted by Blak)
		Ivar Giaever Biography from Encyclopedia Britannica (submitted by www.britannica.com)
	www.almaz.com /nobel/physics/1973b.html (89 words)

	RPI: Alumni Hall of Fame: Ivar Giaever
		In his native Norway, Giaever earned a degree in mechanical engineering.
		He has spent most of his efforts since 1971 studying the behavior of organic molecules at solid surfaces.
		Giaever was named an Institute Professor of Science at Rensselaer in 1988, and was awarded the Rensselaer Alumni Association’s Outstanding Faculty Award in 1994.
	www.rpi.edu /about/hof/giaever.html (150 words)

	IVAR GIAEVER Linkpage
		Born in Norway, Giaver emigrated to the U.S.A. He worked for General Electric in New York at the time he received his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973.
		A cover page identifies Giaever's two co-honorees, Leo Esaki of Japan and Brian D. Josephson of Great Britain, and specifies the basis for Giaever's award: "for [his] experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in...superconductors...." The significance of the work giving rise to the awards is set forth in a press release.
		Giaever's homepage on the website of the Physics Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY., where he is a professor of science.
	www.mnc.net /norway/Giaever.htm (138 words)

	54th Lindau Meeting - 2004 Trip Report for Day Four
		It was generally agreed that one can not exist without the other.
		Ivar Giaever, Herbert Kroemer, and Douglas Osheroff, all from the U.S., and Dr. Martinus Veltman from the Netherlands.
		It was generally agreed that extreme basic research can be distinguished from extreme applied research, but that most research relies heavily on both.
	www.orau.gov /lindau2004/report/day4.htm (485 words)

	Electrical wound-healing assay for cells in vitro -- Keese et al. 101 (6): 1554 -- Proceedings of the National Academy ...
		Wegener, J., Keese, C. and Giaever, I. Exp. Cell Res.
		Tiruppathi, C., Malik, A., Del Vecchio, P., Keese, C. and Giaever, I. Proc.
		Keese, C. R., Karra, N., Dillon, B., Goldberg, A. and Giaever, I. In Vitro Toxicol.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/6/1554 (4380 words)

	Ivar Giaever at AllExperts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		* Concise Ivar Giaever bio on Nobel laureate website
		* Ivar Giaever's home page at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
		* University of Oslo website about Ivar Giaever
	oxycoton.freetravelresources.info /e/i/iv/Ivar_Giaever.htm (261 words)

	I Am Right You Are Wrong - Edward de Bono - Penguin Group (USA)
		Here, in this brilliantly argued assault on outmoded thought patterns, he calls for nothing less than a New Renaissance.
		This edition includes new forewords by three Nobel Prize winners (Sheldon Lee Glashow, Harvard; Brian Josephson, Cambridge; Ivar Giaever, Rensselaer)
		To keep up-to-date, input your email address, and we will contact you on publication
	us.penguingroup.com /nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,0_9780140126785,00.html (205 words)

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