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	Ivory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ivory is a hard, white, opaque substance that is the bulk of the teeth and tusks of animals such as the elephant, hippopotamus, walrus, mammoth, narwhal, etc. Prior to the introduction of plastics, it was used for billiard balls, piano keys, buttons and ornamental items.
		Elephant and mammoth ivory from the tusks of bull elephants and mammoths.
		Walrus ivory from the tusks of a bull walrus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ivory (881 words)

	IVORY - LoveToKnow Article on IVORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ivory is in substance very dense, the pores close and compact and filled with a gelatinous solution which contributes to the beautiful polish which may be given to it and makes it easy to work.
		Ivory in Commerce, and its Industrial Applications.Almost the whole of the importation of ivory to Europe was until recent years confined to London, the principal distributing mart of the world.
		Ivory Sculpture from the 16th to the igth Century.Compared with the wealth of ivory carving of the two preceding centuries, the 15th, and especially the 16th, centuries are singularly poor in really fine work.
	95.1911encyclopedia.org /I/IV/IVORY.htm (7004 words)

	ivory. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Ivory historically has been obtained mainly from Africa, where elephant tusks are larger than they are in Asia, the second major source, and much dead ivory was taken from remains of extinct mammoths found in Canada, Alaska, and Siberia.
		In commerce, ivory is classified as live (from recently killed animals) and dead (tusks long stored or on the ground for extended periods and lacking the resilience of live ivory).
		Ivory may be of a soft or hard variety; the former type is more moist, cracks less easily than the brittle hard ivory, and is easier to work.
	www.bartleby.com /65/iv/ivory.html (699 words)

	Ivory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ivory, as defined by most gemologists, is derived from the teeth or tusks of mammals, although some other materials with similar characteristics and appearance have traditionally been given this name.
		Examples of tooth ivory are less common, and generally limited to: hippo and sperm whale teeth (teeth are defined as dentition which is not visible when the mouth is closed, whereas a tusk protrudes from the closed mouth).
		In the arena of legally traded ivories and ivory simulants, most items are modestly priced with rarer and larger items and those with greater antiquity or higher artistic merit at the top, and vegetable ivory, bone, and plastic simulants in the lower brackets.
	www.bwsmigel.info /GEOL.198B.ESSAYS/Gemology.Ivory.html (1633 words)

	Scrimshaw by Robert Weiss. The types of ivory and general laws and regulations.
		The term ivory can be used to describe the teeth or tusks of mammals that are of sufficient size to have commercial value and can be carved or scrimshawed.
		This is walrus ivory that is relatively new.
		A test to determine the difference between elephant ivory and mammoth ivory, the Schreger lines, has been developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in order to keep any elephant ivory from entering the country under the guise of mammoth ivory.
	www.marinearts.com /rwivory.htm (882 words)

	P.V.E. Ivory
		Percy Van Eman Ivory 1883-1960 Born in Sacramento, California, in 1883, Percy Van Eman Ivory spent his childhood in the western environment that later formed the setting for many of his illustrations.
		Ivory had visited Mexico in 1904, and he was able to give his illustrations authenticity by relying on photos and costumes he had collected on his trip.
		In 1915, Ivory and his wife spent the summer in California, Alaska, and the Yukon, where the artist took many photographs of the region as studies for later illustrations.
	www.percyivory.homestead.com (643 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ivory
		They consisted of two plates of ivory, hinged so as to fold together like a book; the inside of each leaf was slightly counter- sunk, with a narrow raised margin, so as to hold the wax that received the writing, while the outside of the leaves was profusely adorned with carvings.
		Again, somewhat later, no doubt remembering that Solomon made "a great throne of ivory" (1 Kings 10:18), they overlaid their episcopal chairs with carved ivory tablets, as may be seen at Ravenna in the chair of St. Maximian, archbishop of that city (546).
		During the whole of the Middle Ages ivory was extensively used for paxes (instrumenta pacis), tabernacles, portable altars, caskets, holy-water buckets, statuettes, rosary-beads, seals, and the decoration of ecclesiastical furniture.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08257b.htm (426 words)

	Scrimshanders.com - About Ivory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Whale Ivory is derived from the teeth found in the lower jaw of the sperm whale.
		Elephant ivory is derived from the tusk of the African Elephant.
		From 1976-1989 ivory was obtained from the elephants in National Parks which died of natural causes or were culled from the herds.
	www.scrimshanders.com /Pages/about/ivory.html (578 words)

	Vegetable Ivory
		Called "vegetable ivory," the endosperm is used for buttons, chess pieces, dice, umbrella handles, billiard balls, and for intricate carvings in the art of scrimshaw, without endangering whales, elephants and walruses.
		Unlike elephants which must die for their precious ivory, tagua palms are a renewable resource; as long as their native habitat is preserved and sufficient seeds are left to perpetuate the palms.
		Very few ivory lovers could tell whether beautiful rings, necklaces, belt buckles and carved knife handles are made from the modified dentin of enlarged elephant incisors or the dried hemicellulose of palm seeds.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /pljan99.htm (1776 words)

	USATODAY.com - Sudan begins overdue crackdown on outlawed ivory trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The international ivory trade was banned in 1990 to protect elephant populations ravaged by poachers taking tusks for jewelry and ornaments.
		The decision to act against the ivory trade signals the Sudanese government's interest in showing that it is ready to abide by international law.
		He concluded that much of the growth in the ivory trade was a result of the recent arrival of Chinese workers in Sudan.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-11-20-sudan-ivory_x.htm (919 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Can fossil ivory save elephants?
		Fossil ivory from woolly mammoths' tusks is the only raw ivory legally available since a ban on elephant ivory sales 15 years ago.
		Fossil ivory, from woolly mammoths that died between 20,000 and 5,000 years ago, is the only raw ivory legally available since uncontrolled killing of African elephants led to an international ban on modern ivory sales 15 years ago.
		The only potential opening for elephant ivory is a pending authorization for four southern African countries to sell 50 tons from existing inventory to Japan in a one-time auction, but only after implementation of an international warning system to monitor illegal elephant killings.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2002063883_ivory15.html (830 words)

	Ivory (WebBible Encyclopedia) - ChristianAnswers.Net
		The "tusks of elephants") was early used in decorations by the Egyptians, and a great trade in it was carried on by the Assyrians (Ezek.
		It was used by the Phoenicians to ornament the box-wood rowing-benches of their galleys, and Hiram's skilled workmen made Solomon's throne of ivory (1 Kings 10:18).
		It was brought by the caravans of Dedan (Isa.
	www.christiananswers.net /dictionary/ivory.html (126 words)

	'White' Ivory's Last Film With Merchant
		The assumption is understandable: Ivory, 77, and Merchant, who died in May, had cinematic triumphs with Kazuo Ishiguro's "The Remains of the Day," a trilogy of films based on E.M. Forster novels ("A Room With a View," "Maurice" and "Howards End") and their Henry James adaptations ("The Europeans," "The Bostonians" and "The Golden Bowl").
		Ivory was struck by Lewis' collection of Indian miniature paintings -- the colorful, impossibly detailed handcraft that would influence Ivory's filmmaking vision for the next 30 years (the exhibition "Connoisseurship and Commerce: The Legacy of R.E. Lewis" is at the Legion of Honor through Feb. 19).
		Ivory's artistic arrival in India was his passage to one of the greatest collaborations in cinema history.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/01/15/PKGC2GHVIN1.DTL&type=movies (1051 words)

	Ivory Restaurant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Completed just for Ivory, the paining was inspired by the famous Bani Thani, known as the Mona Lisa of India, which is on display in Italy.
		This is the backbone of Ivory's menu, which mixes Indian spices of cardamom, cloves and cinnamon with cool yogurt sauces to create mild, delicately flavoured dishes.
		Ivory has an entire display case of them, which can also be packaged for takeout.
	www.ivoryrestaurant.ca (560 words)

	Result of TIAS Antique Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Inlaid with silver, mother of pearl flowers and tortoise shell it is a testament to the importance of the image it encloses. The silver crown of birds maybe a late 18th early 19th C addition as this piece is undoubtably from the early to mid 18th century.
		Miniature painting on ivory frame of man This is a miniature painting of a man. It is set on an ivory frame with etched flower and leaf designs.
		Carved Ivory or Bone Penholder A pen-holder made of carved ivory or bone, with a letter-opener to one end, and the metal piece to insert your pen nib at the other.
	search.tias.com /cgi-bin/altavista.cgi?database=/altavista/stores/items&case=no&max=25&resultPageTemplate=ResultPage.html&resultItemTemplate=ResultItem.txt&resultTableTemplate=ResultTable.txt&searchText=ivory&catId=Art (1613 words)

	ArtLex on Ivory
		May also refer to the color of ivory, a pale grayish yellow to yellowish white.
		ivory handle (hippopotamus tooth), overall length 25.5 cm, length of handle 4.5 cm, Louvre.
		Ivory Plaque, carved and perforated ivory, some traces of polychrome, Louvre.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/ij/ivory.html (526 words)

	Jensenknives - Custom Knives and Art Knives: Materials Encyclopedia - Ivory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Instead of decaying or undergoing petrification, ivory from animals that died hundreds or even thousands of years ago often remains much as it was, though sometimes taking on coloration from surrounding minerals, this can result in intense coloration and patterns.
		Walrus ivory is usually between 500 and 3000 years old, and generally doesn't exceed 10,000 years old, though the USGS has reported that a piece of walrus tusk they had carbon dated showed an age of 30,000.
		Proboscidian ivory may be recognized by the grain pattern visible in a cross section, which displays a double spiral pattern, a series of clockwise spirals crossing others running counter clockwise.
	www.jensenknives.com /ivory.html (661 words)

	walrus tusks narwhal tusk teeth ivory for sale walross zaehne narwal zahn elfenbein verkaufen
		Walrus ivory is available through Canadian Ivory as whole tusks or pieces of varying sizes and shapes.
		International trade of ivories has been managed through CITES through the 1970’s and 1980’s and for some such as with the elephant, international trade was halted from 1989.
		Since then trade of ivories already within a given country has been generally permitted, but with limits to fresh material and with thus a diminishing supply artisans and collectors have had to look to other non-endangered sources of ivory such as offered here.
	www.canadianivory.com (1634 words)

	Ivory comb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This highly decorated, ivory comb is likely to have been used ceremonially as part of the celebration of mass or during the consecration of a bishop.
		During the twelfth century, ivory carvings in northern Europe were made of the ivory from the tusks of the walrus (known as 'morse' ivory).
		Elephant ivory was very rare indeed, and in fact so rare that no other piece of elephant ivory is known to survive from this period in Britain.
	www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk /compass/ixbin/goto?id=OBJ3693 (236 words)

	Ivory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ivory, has for hundreds of years, been considered the perfect material for these applications, but recently I have been in a quandary about whether or not I should continue to use ivory at all.
		The ivory that you see here has been in my possession for more than 20 years it was acquired from legal sources in southern Africa where the game rangers were forced at one time to cull the elephant herds.
		There are several alternatives to ivory, one is micarta, a synthetic; it is very similar in density to ivory.
	www.cybozone.com /luthier/instruments/ivory.html (336 words)

	WWF \| Wildlife Trade \| TRAFFIC \| Projects \| Ivory Trade
		The other recent study by TRAFFIC (PDF, 152k) states that while progress is being made in China, the world's single largest ivory market, demand in Africa and other parts of Asia is driving an increase in the illegal trade of ivory and the poaching of elephants.
		Thanks in part to WWF's support, the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES) imposed a global ban on commercial ivory trade in 1989, when uncontrolled trade was driving the poaching of an estimated 100,000 African elephants a year for their tusks.
		While the TRAFFIC report found that illegal trade in ivory has been on the rise in the past decade, Hemley points out that thanks to increased consumer awareness and international pressure on countries to stop the illegal ivory trade, the rate of increase appears to be slowing.
	www.worldwildlife.org /trade/traffic_ivory.cfm (469 words)

	Ivory
		Purchase of ivory may provide an incentive to poachers and illegal traders and threaten the survival of the African elephant.
		Although there was interest in the ivory trade, it was not until the growing European and international markets in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that elephants were to face their most grim future.
		In order to obtain all the ivory from the elephant, the hunter and poacher must cut into the head; this is garnered with knowledge that approximately 25% of the ivory is contained in the head.
	elephant.elehost.com /About_Elephants/Anatomy/Dentition/Ivory_/ivory_.html (669 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| West Africa's ivory trade thrives
		They believe much of the ivory their teams found will have come from animals slaughtered by gangs in central Africa.
		Ivory Coast banned the trade in 1997, and it is supposed to be controlled by law in Senegal and Nigeria.
		It says this volume of ivory represents the tusks of more than 760 elephants, although recent data from IUCN-The World Conservation Union suggest there may be no more than 543 elephants left in the three countries.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/3314069.stm (537 words)

	HSUS Investigation: Illegal Ivory Trade in Our Own Backyard
		You may import ivory from an African elephant in the form of a hunting trophy, but (as of 1990) you are not allowed then to sell the ivory.
		Dealers offered to forge documents to indicate an ivory carving was over 100 years in age or, in the case of an elephant tusk, had been legally imported as a trophy prior to 1989.
		At a workshop of ivory dealers and carvers, a participant explained that the best time to import ivory is on the weekends when USFWS agents are not working, and the best places are through small ports of entry, such as Alaska, where there are fewer USFWS agents.
	www.hsus.org /ace/15476 (1555 words)

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