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Topic: Ixodes

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	blacklegged tick or deer tick - Ixodes scapularis Say
		Ixodes scapularis is found along the east coast of the United States.
		Spirochetes in Ixodes dammini and mammals in Connecticut.
		Absence of spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi) and piroplasm (Babesia microti) in deer ticks (Ixodes dammini) parasitized by chalcid wasps (Hunterellus hookeri).
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /urban/medical/deer_tick.htm (2854 words)

	Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Genospecies in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in Europe: a Metaanalysis -- Rauter ...
		Borrelia burgdorferi infection in Ixodes ricinus from habitats in Denmark.
		The Ixodes ricinus tick as a vector of Borrelia burgdorferi in Slovenia.
		Coexistence of DNA of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Babesia microti in Ixodes ricinus ticks from north-western Poland.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/11/7203 (6625 words)

	Lyme Disease Monograph - Page 2
		In the United States, Borrelia burgdorferi is known to be transmitted by certain Ixodes ticks.
		Ixodes scapularis or "deer tick" is found predominantly in the northeastern United States as well as in Minnesota and Wisconsin.
		Ixodes nymphs are small (2-3 mm), which explains why over 50 percent of patients with Lyme disease have no recollection of a tick bite (Fig.
	www.nwcphp.org /docs/lyme/page2.html (416 words)

	Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato and Anaplasmataceae Members in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in Alsace, a Focus of ...
		Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) in Ixodes ricinus (L.) populations in France, according to a phytoecological zoning of the territory.
		Ixodes populations (Ixodes ricinus Linné, 1758; Ixodes hexagonus Leach, 1815) in the city of Lyon (France) and its outskirts: preliminary results.
		Occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii in the Ixodes ricinus ticks from Eastern Slovakia.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/4/3074 (2801 words)

	Tick Biology for the Homeowner
		Ixodes cookei has no official common name but it has been called the groundhog, woodchuck, or carnivore tick.
		Ixodes cookei has been found to parasitize a wide variety of carnivores and rodents but can be especially abundant on groundhogs (Marmota monax).
		Incidence of Ixodes cookei (Acari: Ixodidae) on groundhogs, Marmota monax, in southwestern Ontario.
	www.entomology.cornell.edu /MedEnt/TickBioFS/TickBioFS.html (3643 words)

	Blacklegged Tick or Deer Tick, Ixodes scapularis Say (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodidae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In 1993 it was shown that Ixodes dammini was shown to be the same species as I.
		Tick death is caused by density-dependent factors such as parasites, pathogens, and predators, all of which appear to have little impact on tick populations (Roberts et al.
		Permission is granted to others to use these materials in part or in full for educational purposes, provided that full credit is given to the UF/IFAS, citing the publication, its source, and date of publication.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /IN300 (3165 words)

	Tick Photos
		The smallest stage, the larvae are also known as 'seed' or 'grass' ticks, while latter stages are often referred to as 'bush' ticks or 'shellbacks', but all of these terms refer to the same animal.
		Ixodes holocyclus larvae and nymphs attached to the eyelid of an eastern grey Kangaroo.
		This is a severe allergic reaction in response to the bite of a nymphal Paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus.
	medent.usyd.edu.au /photos/tick_photos.htm (229 words)

	MMCRI: Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory
		Ixodes cookei, the "woodchuck tick" is widely distributed in Maine and is the second most common species of Ixodes found on people.
		Ixodes marxi, the "squirrel tick," has not been associated with Lyme disease.
		Ixodes angustus is usually found only on voles and mice and is common in many parts of Maine, but it is very rarely found on humans or domestic animals.
	www.mmcri.org /lyme/meticks.html (1004 words)

	Lyme Borreliosis
		In the northeast and Midwest, the deer tick Ixodes scapularis is the primary vector.
		Typically, 25-50% of the Ixodes scapularis ticks in the northeast are infected with the spirochete.
		Typically, 1-5% of the Ixodes pacificus ticks are infected with the Lyme spirochete, while 15% of the Ixodes neotomae are infected.
	www.sfweims.com /health/lyme.html (401 words)

	eMedicine - Tick-Borne Diseases, Lyme : Article Excerpt by: Jonathan A Edlow, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Although various parts of the syndrome were described in Europe more than 100 years ago, the full spectrum had not begun to be identified until 1975, when a cluster of statistically improbable cases of juvenile arthritis occurred in Connecticut.
		In the northeastern and upper midwestern United States, Ixodes scapularis is the vector.
		Other ticks (eg, Amblyomma americanum) and insects can carry B burgdorferi, but Ixodes tick bites are thought to cause the vast majority of cases.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/tick-borne-diseases-lyme.htm (625 words)

	Florida Entomologist, v. 80, n. 1, p. 311
		All Ixodes ticks that have been tested so far appear to be capable of acquiring and transmitting agents of animal and human diseases.
		There are several species of ticks phylogenetically close to Ixodes persulcatus which dwell in a huge territory of Southern Siberia, Far East, and Middle Asia.
		It includes all 34 species of the genus Ixodes considered to be resident in the United States.
	www.fcla.edu /FlaEnt/fe80p311.htm (672 words)

	Diversity of Babesia Infecting European Sheep Ticks (Ixodes ricinus) -- Duh et al. 39 (9): 3395 -- Journal of Clinical ...
		Ixodes ricinus is the most prevalent and widely distributed tick in Slovenia.
		Diversity of Babesia infecting deer ticks (Ixodes dammini).
		Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes scapularis in a rural New Jersey county.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/39/9/3395 (1379 words)

	Lyme Disease and Related Tick-Borne Infections - UMMC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Ixodes scapularis tick goes through three stages over the course of about two years: it is born from eggs as a larva, then develops into the nymph stage and finally into the adult stage.
		In the Northwest the infecting insect is the Western fllegged tick (Ixodes Pacificus).
		Ehrlichiosis is carried by the Ixodes scapularis tick and the Western fl-legged tick (Ixodes Pacificus).
	www.umm.edu /patiented/doc16.html (1978 words)

	Lyme Disease Tick Pictures, Ticks, Images - lymes disease lyme's disease lime disease limes disease - Ixodes Scapularis ...
		Ixodes dammini was thought to be the only species responsible for transmission until it was shown to be the same species as Ixodes scapularis in 1993.
		Ixodes spinipalpis is implicated as a vector as well.
		Ixodes muris has shown to be a weak vector of Lyme disease and more research is needed.
	www.canlyme.com /ticks.html (794 words)

	Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA in Ixodes ticks from Madeira Island and Setubal District, mainland Portugal ...
		Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA in Ixodes ticks from Madeira Island and Setubal District, mainland Portugal
		A total of 278 Ixodes ticks, collected from Madeira Island and Setebal District, mainland Portugal, were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
		phagocytophilum is associated with Ixodes ticks that are known vectors, including I. scapularis, I. pacificus, and I. spinipalpis in the United States (15,20,21), I. ricinus mostly in southern, central and northern European regions (22-26), I. trianguliceps in the United Kingdom (27), and Ixodes persulcatus in eastern parts of Europe (28) and Asia (9).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_9_10/ai_n6211039 (920 words)

	Vector of Lyme Borreliosis, Ixodes Scapularis, identified in Saskatchewan - CCDR Volume 25-09 - Health Canada
		VECTOR OF LYME BORRELIOSIS, IXODES SCAPULARIS, IDENTIFIED IN A passive surveillance program was initiated in Saskatchewan in 1998 to determine whether the fllegged tick, Ixodes scapularis (formerly Ixodes dammini), was present in this province.
		Lyme disease vector, Ixodes dammini, identified in Manitoba.
		Costero A. Lyme disease vector, Ixodes dammini, identified in Quebec.
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /publicat/ccdr-rmtc/99vol25/dr2509ea.html (920 words)

	Lyme Disease in Québec, Maladie de Lyme, Ixodes scapularis ticks
		Although the compilation of facts for the year 2003 is not completed, of a total of 1248 ticks processed by the laboratory, 34% were shown to be Ixodes scapularis, compared to 19.85% in 2002.
		Of these numbers, 91% of Ixodes ticks were from animals...71% from dogs and 20% from cats.
		The increase in numbers of Ixodes scapularis was truly significant that year.
	www.canlyme.com /quebecticks.html (648 words)

	Presence of spirochete causing Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, in the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, in ...
		Presence of spirochete causing Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, in the fllegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, in southern Ontario -- Banerjee et al.
		Presence of spirochete causing Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, in the fllegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, in southern Ontario
		Ixodes scapularis ticks are also established at Point Pelee National Park.
	www.cmaj.ca /cgi/content/full/162/11/1567 (1081 words)

	MDA - Lyme Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Lyme disease is an illness caused by the spirochete bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi.
		Studies have shown that a tick infected with Borrelia burgdorferi must be attached to its host for at least 48 hours for the bacteria to be transmitted.
		The tick, Ixodes scapularis has a multi-staged life cycle, therefore numerous wildlife species have the opportunity to be exposed to this vector and the Lyme disease bacteria.
	www.michigan.gov /mda/0,1607,7-125-1566_2403_2421-8622--,00.html (444 words)

	Exploring the sialome of the tick Ixodes scapularis -- Valenzuela et al. 205 (18): 2843 -- Journal of Experimental ...
		Exploring the sialome of the tick Ixodes scapularis -- Valenzuela et al.
		A salivary kininase in Ixodes (Ribeiro and Mather, 1998
		Francischetti, I. M., Valenzuela, J. G., Andersen, J. Mather, T. and Ribeiro, J. Ixolaris, a novel recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) from the salivary glands of the tick, Ixodes scapularis: identification of factor X and factor Xa as scaffolds for the inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor complex.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/205/18/2843 (7042 words)

	TAGS Inc. Australia - Distribution of the Australian Paralysis Tick (Ixodes holocyclus)
		Humid conditions are essential for survival of the paralysis tick.
		The paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus is found mainly along coastal eastern Australia - from near Cooktown in Far North Queensland to Lakes Entrance in Victoria.
		In places, it is found more than 100 km inland, particularly in areas of moist escarpments and ranges.
	www.tickalert.org.au /distribu.htm (686 words)

	Ixodes spp - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		So far as is known, all Ixodes spp have a 3-host life cycle.
		The few Ixodes spp that parasitize wandering artiodactyls or perissodactyls are exceptionally adaptable; they also parasitize livestock and are important pests or vectors of agents that infect livestock and humans.
		It is recorded chiefly from wildlife and has not been shown to be a vector.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/72112.htm (711 words)

	Molecular Characterization of a Novel Rickettsia Species from Ixodes scapularis in Texas
		A novel Rickettsia species of undetermined pathogenicity was detected in Ixodes scapularis.
		Photomicrograph of crushed midgut tissues of the fluorescent antibody-positive Ixodes scapularis specimen.
		Slides were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanateconjugated rabbit antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii and examined by fluorescent microscopy.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol4no2/billings.htm (2349 words)

	Identification of Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes Ticks in the Baltic Regions of Russia -- Alekseev ...
		Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and granulocytic and monocytic ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus ticks from southern Germany.
		Detection of Ehrlichia phagocytophila DNA in Ixodes ricinus ticks from areas in Switzerland where tick-borne fever is endemic.
		Monocytic Ehrlichia in Ixodes persulcatus ticks from Perm, Russia.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/39/6/2237 (3822 words)

	Distribution of Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis re Concurrent Babesiosis and Lyme Disease(1) - CCDR Volume 24-15 ...
		Distribution of Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis re Concurrent Babesiosis and Lyme Disease(1)
		In Canada, the western fllegged tick, Ixodes pacificus and the fllegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, are the principal vectors of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis.
		These two tick species are also capable of transmitting Babesia microti, the pathogen which causes human babesiosis, although locally acquired cases have yet to be reported in Canada.
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /publicat/ccdr-rmtc/98vol24/dr2415ea.html (449 words)

	eMedicine - Tick-Borne Diseases, Lyme : Article by Jonathan A Edlow, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Animal studies have shown that transmission of infection is unlikely if the duration of tick attachment is less than 24 hours, and transmission is very likely for ticks attached for longer than 72 hours.
		This finding presumes that the tick is infected in the first place and the percentage of Ixodes ticks that are infected varies with geography.
		In general, Ixodes scapularis must be attached for 24-48 hours to transmit the spirochete to the host mammal.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic588.htm (7761 words)

	Disruption of Ixodes scapularis anticoagulation by using RNA interference -- Narasimhan et al. 101 (5): 1141 -- ...
		Disruption of Ixodes scapularis anticoagulation by using RNA interference -- Narasimhan et al.
		J. KANTOR, and E. Disruption of the salivary protein 14 in ixodes scapularis nymphs and impact on pathogen acquisition.
		An Ixodes scapularis protein required for survival of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in tick salivary glands
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/5/1141 (4504 words)

	Pherobase :: Pheromone Detail - Ixodes
		Zahradnickova, H., and Bouman, E.A.P. Optimization of the solid-phase microextraction method in the determination of Ixodes ricinus (L.) volatiles.
		Leonovich, S.A. Phenol and lactone receptors in the distal sensilla of the Haller's organ in Ixodes ricinus ticks and their possible role in host perception.
		Jaenson, T.G.T., Lindstrom, A., and Palsson, K. Repellency of the mosquito repellent MyggA(R) (N,N-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide) to the common tick Ixodes ricinus (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) in the laboratory and field.
	www.pherobase.com /database/genus/genus-Ixodes.php (366 words)

	Quail Ridge Reserve - Current Research Benard
		Theory predicts that while virulence in such a system may evolve either upward or downward, transmissibility should always increase because this maximizes the pathogen’s reproductive success.
		Different species of Ixodes carry Anaplasma in different places: Ixodes scapularis in the eastern U.S., I.
		To test this, I am using molecular methods to analyze the evolutionary relationship between distinct Anaplasma strains and their various Ixodes hosts across the U.S. and Europe.
	nrs.ucdavis.edu /quail/research/Teglas.htm (423 words)

	Lyme Disease and Related Tick-Borne Infections
		It is born from eggs as a larva.
		This animal is bitten and infected by the Ixodes neotomae tick, which does not bite humans.
		It is more likely than HME to be carried by adult Ixodes ticks and so is most often found northeastern and upper Midwestern states.
	www.hmh.net /adam/patientreports/000016.htm (9684 words)

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