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Topic: Ixtoc I

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	Ixtoc I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ixtoc I was an exploratory oil well in the Gulf of Mexico, about 600 miles south of Texas.
		On June 3, 1979, the well suffered a blowout and became the largest unintentional oil spill in history.
		Ixtoc I history detail - incidentnews.gov - an NOAA site, April 14, 2005
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ixtoc_I (231 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects (1985) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in mousse from the Ixtoc ~ wel 1 bl owout.
		Ixtoc I oil spill: flaking of surface mousse in the Gulf of Mexico.
		Ef feats of the Ixtoc I oil spill on the inter tidal and subtidal infaunal populations along lower Texas coast bare ier island beaches, pp.
	www.nap.edu /openbook.php?record_id=314&page=549 (7274 words)

	IXTOC I Spill, OilSpills.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The IXTOC I was being drilled by the SEDCO 135, a semi-submersible platform on lease to Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX).
		The IXTOC I well continued to spill oil at a rate of 10,000 - 30,000 barrels per day until it was finally capped on March 23, 1980.
		The IXTOC I well blowout was an unusual situation with regard to responsibility for, coordination of, and control and cleanup of the spilled oil.
	www.oilspills.org /Ixtoc_I.htm (1181 words)

	Texas Monthly December 2004: Texas Myth #454
		A: You’re thinking of the mega-mess better known as Ixtoc I. That was the name of an offshore well operated by Mexico’s national oil company, Pemex; in June 1979 it suddenly blew out and caused crude oil to gush into the Gulf.
		Twenty-five years later, Ixtoc I still ranks as the world’s largest accidental oil spill; the well pumped out 140 million gallons of crude before it was finally capped.
		But one reason the latter incident remains more famous is that, during the cleanup from Ixtoc I, Mother Nature lent an unexpected hand in the form of heavy storms, which washed away most of the oil and left only thick fl tar.
	207.200.6.98 /mag/issues/2004-12-01/encyclopedia.php (656 words)

	Residues of petroleum hydrocarbons in tissues of sea turtles exposed to the Ixtoc I oil spill -- Hall et al. 19 (2): ...
		Residues of petroleum hydrocarbons in tissues of sea turtles exposed to the Ixtoc I oil spill -- Hall et al.
		Residues of petroleum hydrocarbons in tissues of sea turtles exposed to the Ixtoc I oil spill
		Sea turtles found dead when the Ixtoc I oil spill reached Texas waters were necropsied and tissues were analyzed for residues of petroleum hydrocarbons.
	www.jwildlifedis.org /cgi/content/abstract/19/2/106 (143 words)

	Prepared Statement of Richard Charter: Subcommittee on Energy Field Hearing on the Renewable Roadmap to Energy ...
		On June 3, 1979, the IXTOC I exploratory well blew out on a U.S. rig operating in the Bay of Campeche off Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico.
		At one time during this event, approximately 10 percent of the Gulf of Mexico was covered with an oily slick or sheen, and sticky tar balls were curtailing tourism revenues as the oil washed ashore as far away as Padre Island in Texas.
		The IXTOC I blowout is still considered to be the second-largest maritime oil spill of all time.
	www.house.gov /science_democrats/subcoms/woolsey/charter_022102.htm (2149 words)

	Ixtoc 1 oil spill: flaking of surface mousse in the Gulf of Mexico (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The blowout at the Ixtoc 1 offshore oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico (19°24' N, 92°12' W) produced a major oil spill.
		In contrast to the rapid, close-to-shore release of the tanker's cargo, the Ixtoc 1 well released oil for 9 months into the open ocean where winds and currents dispersed the floating mousse (a light brown and orange water-in-oil emulsion) which had formed at the wellhead.
		We report here that at a distance of 750−1,000 km from the well, Ixtoc 1 mousse occurred on sheen-covered sea surface primarily as gramme-sized pancakes and milligramme-sized flakes.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v290/n5803/abs/290235a0.html (450 words)

	Ixtoc 1
		On the 3rd of June 1979, in the Gulf of Mexico (Bay of Campeche), at 80 km off Carmen town, Ixtoc 1’s offshore drilling rig, settled by the Perforaciones Marinas del Golfo on behalf of the national company Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex), was destroyed by the blast of an oil eruption.
		As for the Amoco Cadiz’s oil spill, which took place in France the previous year, Ixtoc 1’s catastrophe led to the settlement of a co-ordination between operational agencies and research institutes about a global study of the impact.
		This task was made difficult by the running aground and fire of the oil tanker Burmah Agate in front of Galveston in November 1979, which brought another pollution in an area already oiled by different catastrophes.
	www.le-cedre.fr /uk/spill/ixtoc/ixtoc.htm (520 words)

	Ixtoc I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The IXTOC I exploratory well blew out on June 3, 1979 in the Bay of Campeche off Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico.
		By the time the well was brought under control in 1980, an estimated 140 million gallons of oil had spilled into the bay.
		The IXTOC I is currently #2 on the all-time list of largest oil spills of all-time, eclipsed only by the deliberate release of oil, from many different sources, during the 1991 Gulf War.
	lbs.hh.schule.de /ozean/oel-137.html (89 words)

	Texas Monthly: Read Me. Texas
		Then there are the frequent spills that occur when crude oil is transported from one tanker to another in the Gulf before being brought into port.
		And then there are the offshore-rig accidents, the most infamous being the Ixtoc I oil spill in 1979, which produced a 100-mile-long, 10-mile-wide blob of slime that began in the Bay of Campeche off the Mexican coast and bellied north across the Gulf to flen about 170 miles of Texas beaches.
		One aspiring entrepreneur did try to market bottles of the oil that washed up after the Ixtoc spill, but the idea didn’t catch on.
	www.texasmonthly.com /ranch/readme/tarball.php (810 words)

	ixtoc_i (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Ixtoc I The IXTOC I exploratory well blew out on June 3, 1979 in the Bay of Campeche off Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico.
		Ixtoc I The IXTOC I exploratory well blew out on June 3, 1979 in the Bay of Campeche off Ciudad del Carmen...
		Atigun Pass, Alaska Puerto Rican, San Francisco, California Galeta Island, Panama IXTOC I, South Texas AMOCO CADIZ, Brittany, France Dr. Sexton was the senior scientist/coastal geologist and author on...
	ixtoc_i.networklive.org (303 words)

	History Detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Placement of containment boom and other response equipment was done after study of the environmental sensitivity as reported in the ESI.\\The IXTOC I well blowout was an unusual situation with regard to responsibility for, coordination of, and control and cleanup of the spilled oil.
		Mexico denied being financially responsible for damages incurred, and refused to help pay cleanup expenses to the U.S.\\Officials reported that tourism along the Texas beaches dropped by 60% during the course of the spill.
		References : •Chapman, B. Effects of the IXTOC I Oil Spill on Texas Shorebird Populations., Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1981.
	spills.incidentnews.gov /incidentnews/FMPro?-db=history&-format=history_detail.htm&-lay=history&RecID=32915&-find (1289 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects (1985)
		The formation of a stable mousse at the Ixtoc I wellhead was also observed to be delayed until after these processes had been operative for 24-48 hours on the oil released during that blowout (Payne, 1981).
		No stable mousses could be formed in laboratory studies at any temperature with light petroleum distillates such as gasoline, kerosenes and several diesel fuels (Berridge et al., 1968a,b; Twardus, 1980) and could only be obtained with several 1 ight lube oils when they are fortif fed with wax and asphaltene mixtures obtained from known mousse
		Petroleum Spills in the Mar ine Env i ronment.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309034795/html/270.html (6487 words)

	Send to a friend \| article: Ixtoc 1 oil spill: flaking of surface mousse in the Gulf of Mexico: Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		article: Ixtoc 1 oil spill: flaking of surface mousse in the Gulf of Mexico: Nature
		You are reading this message because your browser does not support our CSS files.
		Ixtoc 1 oil spill: flaking of surface mousse in the Gulf of Mexico
	www.nature.com /foxtrot/svc/mailform?file=/nature/journal/v290/n5803/full/290235a0.html (75 words)

	State: Is this in Florida's future?
		The most monstrous event of all on Mustang Island was the Ixtoc I spill, the worst peacetime spill in modern history.
		During the Ixtoc spill, Florida officials hired Van Vleet to check whether any of the oil from Mexico would wind up on Florida beaches.
		He found oil staining the eastern gulf, but not from Ixtoc.
	www.sptimes.com /News/081201/State/Is_this_in_Florida_s_.shtml (3132 words)

	Seasonal Abundance and Habitat-Use Patterns of Coastal Bird Populations on Padre and Mustang Island Barrier Beaches ...
		Seasonal Abundance and Habitat-Use Patterns of Coastal Bird Populations on Padre and Mustang Island Barrier Beaches (Following the Ixtoc I Oil Spill)
		Abstract: The report assesses the impact of the Ixtoc I oil spill on coastal bird populations and provides baseline information about the distribution and seasonal abundance of the avian species that use south Texas beach and nearshore habitats.
		The report synthesizes all available data on waterbirds in the study area, including censuses made from October 1979 through June 1981.
	www.stormingmedia.us /55/5533/A553323.html (154 words)

	The Gulf of Mexico: Marine Pollution - 1995
		And one of the features of our beaches is the quantity of tar that you often find there.
		Several years ago, the IXTOC I well blew in the Gulf of Campeche, to our south in Mexican waters.
		What happened with oil from the IXTOC spill--when it became mixed with sand, it flowed down the burrows.
	www.pstx.org /1995/anthonyamos.html (4726 words)

	GulfBase - Laguna Mecoacan
		In the year 1979, an oil spill occurred in the Ixtoc-I well, causing minimum damage to the lagoon thanks to the active dynamic between tides and winds, but leaving high concentrations of hydrocarbons in the oysters.
		Consequently, the specie Crassotrea virginica serves as a gauge for pollution by hydrocarbons in the oyster population, since the amounts found in their tissue is proportional to the amounts found in their surrounding environment.
		GulfBase is a project of the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at
	www.gulfbase.org /bay/view.php?bid=laguna5 (513 words)

	Linde helps clean up the coastline in Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The IXTOC I exploratory well blew out in 1979 in the Bay of Campeche off Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico.
		The IXTOC I is currently no. 2 on the all-time list of largest oil spills, eclipsed only by the deliberate release of oil, from many different sources, during the 1991 Gulf War.
		We also remember the AMOCO CADIZ, which ran aground off the coast of Brittany, France in 1978, spilling 68.7 million gallons of oil.
	www.cryoclean-dryiceblasting.com /content/news/spain.html (663 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6480498 - Ixtoc I oil spill economic impact study.
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		The primary objective of this study was to determine the economic impact of the Ixtoc I and Burmah Agate oil spill on recreation, tourism, and commercial fishing in the Texas coastal region.^In addition, a summary of oil resource and equipment losses, compensation for damages, clean-up and containment costs, and news media coverage was required.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6480498 (148 words)

	Untitled
		But as we said, the Exxon Valdez was our personal worst because it was so close to a lot of wildlife and the coast/shore.
		The Ixtoc 1 was all in the water so that makes it easier to clean up, and less harmful to the shore life.
		Actually, a picture of the Ixtoc 1 on our ENTER page.
	www.rice.k12.nf.ca /science_net/oakey/oilspills.html (855 words)

	AU: Gundlach, Erich R. Hayes, Miles O. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		RE: Although no large spills on the scale of AMOCO CADIZ or IXTOC I have ocurred for several years, the thread posed by the massive oceanic transport of oil remains with us yet.
		Oil impact within the coastal zone has proven to be the most damaging.
		To aid oil spill contigency planning agencies, A coastal-oriented Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) was developed after investigation of several very large spills (AMOCO CADIZ, METULA, IXTOC I, URQUIOLA and others) and an analysis of spill-related literature.
	www.furg.br /furg/revistas/atl/at5(2)53.htm (292 words)

	Curriculum Vitae - Dr. Oppenheimer - Oppenheimer Biotechnology Inc.
		Testimony Presented to the Oversight Hearings on the Effect to the U.S. from the Blowout of the Pemex IXTOC I Oil Well.
		Report presented to International Symposium IXTOC I, pp.
		A 28 minute video tape on the ecological relationships of the IXTOC accident produced by KZTV, Corpus Christi.
	www.obio.com /cv.htm (3234 words)

	Photo Gallery - Page 28/62
		For this database to function correctly, please (a) use a browser that supports JavaScript, and (b) be sure that JavaScript is enabled.
		IXTOC I oil well blowout, Bay of Campeche, Mexico, June 1979 to March 1980.
		AMOCO CADIZ oil spill, Brittany, France, March 1978.
	photos.orr.noaa.gov /gallery_4/incidents-27.htm (291 words)

	TCS: Tech Central Station - Spill Spin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Even after as much as possible of this oil is soaked up into rags and other mop-up devices, sufficient detergent dispersed oil remains in the water to do great harm.
		As with the Amoco Cadiz spill, the IXTOC I spill, and even the Gulf War disaster, after five years, only a concerted effort could show that a spill had ever happened.
		After ten years, unless you knew about the spill, you probably could find no evidence at all.
	www.techcentralstation.com /020304E.html (1919 words)

	[No title]
		The intensive research over the past nine years on ecology of systems and the evaluation of fish communities, have resulted in publications of numerous technical scientific reports of limited distribution and restricted circulation.
		During the dry season concentration of inorganic compounds seems to be correlated to the local conditions such as turbulence, kind of sediments, reducing rate and biological activity.
		Sampling stations prior to (between 1976 and 1979) and after (between 1980-1981) the oil spill of IXTOC-I well.
	biblioweb.dgsca.unam.mx /cienciasdelmar/instituto/1983-1/articulo155.html (9212 words)

	[No title]
		En el campo Cantarell, se muestreo agua superficial y sedimentos de las plataformas Akal C, Akal J y Nohoch-A; del campo Abkatum, Abkatum oc; del Ixtoc, Ixtoc I; en Cayo Arcas se muestreó en el área de fondeadero del barco cautivo "Missiniaki Floga" que sirve de estación de carga.
		En otras plataformas, las tasas son bajas en el sedimento, pero tanto Abkatum (10%) como Ixtoc I (9.7%), presentan tasas importantes en el agua superficial.
		L., H. RODRÍGUEZ J. ROMERO Effect of the Ixtoc I blowout on heterotrophic bacteria.
	biblioweb.dgsca.unam.mx /cienciasdelmar/instituto/1983-1/articulo156.html (1134 words)

	[No title]
		The possibility of finding a hatchling Ridley in a major oil spill, e.g., Ixtoc, is difficult.
		Efforts to attain this cooperation fall into four major categories: Catagory I: Mitigate factors affecting terrestrial mortality and/or stress by: a) Regulating the petrochemical industry (particularly bilge pumping and/or effluent dumping).
		b) Developing an oil spill contingency plan (e.g., impacts of the IXTOC I spill in 1979).
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /WWW/esis/lists/e152001.htm (5103 words)

	CONTAMINACIÓN/MAREAS NEGRAS: Historia de las mareas negras - 2ª parte
		Se hunde con 237.000 toneladas de petróleo en sus tanques.
		El pozo Ixtoc I, protagonizó el 3 de junio de 1979 un vertido que se encuentra en la lista de los más grandes de la historia
		El 24 de enero, el buque de bandera francesa Olimpyc Braveary se parte en dos frente a la costa norte de Quessant (Francia), con unas 250.000 toneladas de petróleo en sus tanques.
	www.iespana.es /natureduca/cont_mareas_historia2.htm (1100 words)

	Informe Técnico del PAC No. 33 1994
		Por otra parte, durante el mismo período, se sucedieron 145 explosiones en los pozos, 767 incendios en estructuras de mar abierto, 31 rompimientos de las tuberías y 224 accidentes mayores (31).
		Tal vez el mejor ejemplo que se conoce de un derrame de hidrocarburos del petróleo ocasionado por las operaciones de perforación de gas y petróleo en mar abierto, sea el caso del derrame del pozo de petróleo IXTOC I sobre la costa del Golfo de México, en 1979.
		La explosión del pozo IXTOC I ocasionó que se liberaran aproximadamente 0.5 x 10
	www.cep.unep.org /pubs/Techreports/tr33es/contenidos.html (11225 words)

	Students' Guide To Oil Spills
		The biggest spill ever occurred during the 1991 Persian Gulf war when about 240 million gallons spilled from oil terminals and tankers off the coast of Saudi Arabia.
		The second biggest spill occurred over a ten-month period (June 1979 - February 1980) when 140 million gallons spilled at the Ixtoc I well blowout in the Gulf of Mexico near Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico.
		But even all the oil spilled during the Persian Gulf spill is only about 1/3 of what the US uses in one day!
	www.waado.org /NigerDelta/Essays/Pollution/StudentsGuide.html (1115 words)

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