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Topic: JOHNNIAC

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	Johnniac
		The JOHNNIAC was one of an illustrious group of computers built in the early 1950's, all inspired by the IAS computer designed by John von Neumann at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
		JOHNNIAC was also one of the first users of magnetic core memory, which dominated computer memories for the next 25 years.
		JOHNNIAC went operational for the first time in the first half of 1953 (no one seems to know the exact date of this event) with 256 40-bit words of RCA Selectron Tube storage, a 40-column numeric printer, a converted IBM Collator for a card reader and a converted IBM Summary Punch.
	ed-thelen.org /comp-hist/johnniac.html (1890 words)

	Johnniac Computer Encyclopedia Enterprise Resource Directory Complete Guide to Internet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		A {mainframe} computer based on a design by {John von Neuman} built at the {Institute for Advanced Study}, USA.
		The Johnniac went live in 1953 and was decommissioned in 1966.
		It's memory consisted of 80 special "Selectron}" {vacuum tubes}, each of which held 256 bits of data.
	jaysir.com /computer-encyclopedia/j/johnniac-computer-terms.htm (67 words)

	johnniac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		JOHNNIAC operated from 1953 until February 11, 1966, logging over 50,000 operational hours.
		After two "rescues" from the scrap heap, the machine currently resides at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California.
		One JOHNNIAC legacy was the JOSS computer language, an easy-to-use language which catered to novices.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /JOHNNIAC.html (179 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		Mort Bernstein kindly provided this timeline for the JOHNNIAC, taken from his notes for a presentation given at a local ACM meeting in 1996.
		JOHNNIAC went operational for the first time in the first half of 1953 (no one seems to know the exact date of this event) with 256 40-bit words of RCA Selectron Tube storage, a 40-column numeric printer, a converted IBM Collator for a card reader and a converted IBM Summary Punch.
		The JOHNNIAC was decommissioned on February 11, 1966.
	www.cs.umass.edu /~weems/CmpSci535/JOHNNIAC.html (444 words)

	Johnniac - the Computer!
		Johnniac is a hypothetical computer with a minimal set of resources and a very small instruction set.
		Johnniac consists of one hundred storage locations and a Central Processing Unit with a single register and instruction counter.
		Johnniac is meant to be a simplified representation of an actual computer.
	www.cs.pdx.edu /~warren/CS161/john.htm (985 words)

	JOHNNIAC -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		As with all computers of its era, it was a one of a kind machine that could not exchange programs with other computers (even other (Click link for more info and facts about IAS machine) IAS machines).
		One JOHNNIAC legacy was the (A Chinese god worshipped in the form of an idol) JOSS ((computer science) a language designed for programming computers) programming language (the JOHNNIAC Open Shop System), an easy-to-use language which catered to novices.
		JOSS was an ancestor of (The last (12th) month of the year) DEC's (Click link for more info and facts about FOCAL) FOCAL and of (An acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever and by swelling of the parotid glands) MUMPS.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/jo/johnniac7.htm (157 words)

	Johnniac - the Computer!
		Johnniac is a hypothetical computer with a minimal set of resources and a very small instruction set.
		Johnniac consists of one hundred storage locations and a Central Processing Unit with a single register and instruction counter.
		Johnniac is meant to be a simplified representation of an actual computer.
	web.cecs.pdx.edu /~warren/CS161/john.htm (985 words)

	The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		JOHNNIAC became a free good; its time was available for research use.
		Since JOHNNIAC dates back to early explorations of stored programming computing, much of its first programming was done in absolute octal.
		In the days of JOHNNIAC, conversion between base 10 and base 8 was a chore that programmers performed daily.
	hopl.murdoch.edu.au /showlanguage.prx?exp=3224 (1320 words)

	Visible Storage
		The Johnniac was one of seventeen custom-built machines inspired by John von Neumann’s design at the Institute of Advanced Study.
		These first generation computers played a crucial role in convincing IBM and other major manufacturers to move beyond punched card technology and embrace the electronic stored program computer as a commercially viable product.
		Apart from the original IAS machine, the Johnniac is probably the only one of these machines to have survived.
	www.computerhistory.org /virtualvisiblestorage/artifact_main.php?tax_id=02.01.03.00 (83 words)

	JOSS-discription
		Cliff recommended that the JOHNNIAC be used full time to service the open shop by means of hard-copy stations, and he looked forward to the challenge of resolving communication and monitoring difficulties.
		As Cliff later recalled, his intent was not to make JOHNNIAC machine language available, but instead to provide a computational service through a new, machine-independent language.
		The system would be designed specifically to show the value of on-line access to a computer via a language tailored to a special class of user (the non programmer) and a special type of application (small and numerical).
	www.palosverdes.com /lasthurrah/JOSS-discription.html (942 words)

	LinuxElectrons: How RAND Invented the Postwar World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		It was simple justice for the computer to be so named, because it was one of fewer than 10 "Princeton-type" parallel scientific computers built to the logic Von Neumann had developed at the Institute for Advanced Study.
		The Johnniac was remarkably reliable for its time; the IBM 701 that RAND soon acquired never matched it in this respect.
		The Johnniac also served as a test bed for advances that were later adopted by commercial computer makers, such as the first 140-column-wide, high-speed impact printer and a swapping drum to support multiple users of one of the first online time-sharing systems.
	www.linuxelectrons.com /article.php?story=20040903063754734&mode=print (448 words)

	Wired 7.11: Modern Art
		According to John Gingrich, a sales manager from 1960 to 1970 at hybrid-computer manufacturer Electronic Associates, their multimillion-dollar digital-analog machines were also employed in training and simulation exercises for the newest attack helicopters, Lockheed's L1011, and Boeing's SST and 747.
		With its sleek metal cabinetry and glass doors, Johnniac resembles a massive refrigerator, which it was.
		Shortly after the Johnniac's 1953 christening, von Neumann modestly protested the choice of the name to John Williams, head mathematician at Rand.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/7.11/computer.html?pg=2 (1093 words)

	[ t e c h n o \ c u l t u r e ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		I'll post some pictures now and then over the coming weeks, but today I thought I'd show you the Johnniac, a massive computer that went operational in either 1953 or 1954, built by the Rand Corporation and named in honour of (and built to a design of) computing pioneer John Von Neumann.
		John Toole confirmed that the Johnniac was down there around that time.
		Now, the histories I can find say the Johnniac was 'decommissioned' in 1966, but whether that means it was still working at Rand and thus really was the machine I played against, or had been completely shut down and it was actually some other big, fat mainframe, I don't know.
	weblog.techno-culture.com /2003/07/21.html (808 words)

	LISP prehistory - Summer 1956 through Summer 1958. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		My desire for an algebraic list processing language for artificial intelligence work on the IBM 704 computer arose in the summer of 1956 during the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence which was the first organized study of AI.
		There was little temptation to copy IPL, because its form was based on a JOHNNIAC loader that happened to be available to them, and because the FORTRAN idea of writing programs algebraically was attractive.
		It was immediately apparent that arbitrary subexpressions of symbolic expressions could be obtained by composing the functions that extract immediate subexpressions, and this seemed reason enough to go to an algebraic language.
	www-formal.stanford.edu /jmc/history/lisp/node2.html (1716 words)

	Johnniac - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "Johnniac" is defined.
		Johnniac : Free On-line Dictionary of Computing [home, info]
		Phrases that include Johnniac: johnniac open shop system
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=Johnniac (85 words)

	JOSS - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		See also religion in China and incense, Joss Stone for the British female soul singer, or Joss Whedon for the television writer/producer
		JOSS (an acronym for JOHNNIAC Open Shop System), was one of the very first interactive, time sharing programming languages.
		JOSS I, developed by J. Clifford Shaw at RAND was first implemented, in beta form, on the JOHNNIAC computer in May 1963.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/JOSS (318 words)

	[inforoots] Re: inforoots Digest, Vol 8, Issue 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		BUT, the definitition of acronym also allows "major parts of words" to be included, so we can't rule out JOHNNIAC as being So, it passes the first test.
		We can, however, assume that they really did know what IAC of ENIAC meant, and dismiss that argument...after all, they were presumably well versed in the computer technology/naming of the day.
		Thus, that makes it an acronym that means "JOHN von Neumann Integrator and Automatic Computer" (Note: I can see how confusion over John vN's disavowal of the name could be later misremembered as "it's not an acronym".) 3.
	mail2.computerhistory.org /pipermail/inforoots/2004-May/000663.html (899 words)

	RAND \| Research Memoranda \| The History of the JOHNNIAC
		This Memorandum describes the thirteen-year life of the JOHNNIAC computer, a Princeton-class machine designed and built at the RAND Corporation in 1953.
		The history presented here is based on documents and recollections of the individuals involved in the creation of JOHNNIAC, and includes a definitive paper coauthored by mathematician John von Neumann, for whom JOHNNIAC was named.
		The author, while at The RAND Corporation, was associated closely with various studies made with the aid of JOHNNIAC.
	www.rand.org /pubs/research_memoranda/RM5654/index.html (318 words)

	Smart Computing Article - Erroneously Yours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		In 1962, the JOHNNIAC computer began talking to its programmers through a new set of eight attached electric typewriters.
		When JOHNNIAC gave up on a program, it would clatter out "EH?" on one of the typewriters, says Mike Williams, head curator of the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, Calif.
		At least the JOHNNIAC had a sense of humor.
	www.smartcomputing.com /editorial/article.asp?article=articles/2002/s1310/16s10/16s10.asp&guid=3bggwxc0 (1595 words)

	early-computers
		After surveying commercial and university projects, Rand decided to build an improved version of the machine being constructed under the leadership of John von Neumann at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
		By the time Shaw was installing JOSS I on the JOHNNIAC, the machine had 4096 words (40 bits each) of core storage with a cycle time of 15 microseconds, drum storage of 12,288 words, punched card input/output, and a high speed printer.
		Developed by RAND using the JOHNNIAC, JOSS (the first truly simple on-line system) JOSS was a milestone in the history of conversational timesharing.
	www.palosverdes.com /lasthurrah/early-computers.html (432 words)

	JOSS - Johnniac Open Shop System, Joint Object Services Submission
		There may be many popular meanings for JOSS with the most popular definition being that of Johnniac Open Shop System, Joint Object Services Submission
		Johnniac Open Shop System is not the only word formed from JOSS.
		Security Audit access code for Thursday, July 26, 2007 is xthCsjxHqq.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/JOSS.asp (218 words)

	THE RAND CORPORATION [RU 9536] - Smithsonian Videohistory Collection
		During the 1950s he was responsible for programming JOHNNIAC's first assignment, the computations on UNIVAC I for the first H-bomb test, RAND's system and utility programming of the IBM 701 and 704 computers, PACT-II (Project Advanced Coding Technique), and the formation of the first users' group, SHARE (Society to Help Avoid Redundant Effort).
		His contributions there included design and construction of JOHNNIAC, other computer hardware, nuclear reactor test equipment, the RAND tablet, and closed circuit television reading devices for the visually impaired.
		He was responsible for the JOHNNIAC's input/output machinery, design of the JOSS (JOHNNIAC Open Shop System) terminals, the RAND tablet, GRAIL (Graphic Input Language), and the RAND/IBM Videographic system.
	www.si.edu /archives/ihd/videocatalog/9536.htm (3475 words)

	IP: Calif. LECTURE: "Building Computers in 1953: The Johnniac" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		The Computer Museum History Center presents: "Building Computers in 1953: The Johnniac" The Speakers: Willis Ware, JOHNNIAC Designer; Bill Gunning, JOHNNIAC Project Engineer; Mort Bernstein, JOHNNIAC Software Developer; Paul Armer, RAND Department Head.
		Among other countries, citizens (without a green card) of China, India, Israel, South Africa and Taiwan require special processing for admittance to Moffett Field, and will not be able to attend this talk.
		To be placed on our regular lecture announcement list, please e-mail: chc@tcm.org.
	www.interesting-people.org /archives/interesting-people/199809/msg00019.html (601 words)

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