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	Jackass penguin - Spheniscus dermersus
		The jackass penguin (also called the African penguin or Blackfooted penguin) is a flightless seabird, and it is found nowhere in the world except off the coast of southern Africa.
		Jackass Penguins are among the least studied and are now classed as endangered: their numbers have been depleted by commercial egg and guano collectors and by the overfishing of anchovies and pilchards.
		In June/July 2000, thousands of Jackass penguins were snatched squawking and snapping from their nests on Robben and Dassen Islands to save them from the deadly oil spill caused by the bulk carrier Treasure, which sunk off the southern coast of South Africa.
	www.encounter.co.za /article/101.html (669 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Penguin
		Penguin, common name for various flightless, aquatic birds of the southern hemisphere.
		Jackass Penguin, penguin endemic to the coast of southern Africa.
		Jackass penguins are comical creatures, and their name comes from the braying noise...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Penguin.html (89 words)

	Penguin - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Diving penguins reach 6 to 12 km/h, though there are reports of velocities of 27 km/h (which are probably realistic in the case of startled flight).
		Penguin is thought by some to derive from the Welsh words pen (head) and gwyn (white), applied to the Great Auk, which had a conspicuous white patch between the bill and the eye (although its head was fl), or from an island off Newfoundland known as "White Head" due to a large white rock.
		Penguins are popular around the world owing to their harmless nature, their upright stance for standing and walking, which humans find charming or comical, and their striking fl and white plumage that is often humorously likened to a tuxedo suit.
	www.free-definition.com /Penguin.html (952 words)

	Penguins - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Penguins are insulated from the frigid ocean water by three layers of short, dense feathers and an underlying layer of fat.
		The gentoo penguin raises its flippers and calls or bows in a manner peculiar to the gentoo; the jackass penguin bows, shakes his head, and brays in a characteristic jackasslike call; and the courtship display and clear trumpeting of the king penguin are specific to that species.
		The gentoo penguin is classified as Pygoscelis papua, the Adélie penguin as Pygoscelis adeliae, the jackass penguin as Spheniscus demersus, the Galapagos penguin as Spheniscus mendiculus, and the Humboldt penguin as Spheniscus humboldti.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /penguins.htm (1668 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		Penguins are grouped into 18 species and 6 genera, most of which are found in Antarctica and on subantarctic islands.
		Another distinguishing feature of the king and emperor penguins is the presence of bright reddish or pinkish shields on the sides of their mandibles and large orange or yellow patches on the sides of their necks.
		The emperor penguin breeds in one of the world’s most inhospitable regions during one of the coldest periods of the year, laying and incubating its eggs in temperatures as low as −62° C (–80° F).
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/animals/penguin.html (1447 words)

	AllRefer.com - penguin (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		Penguins are highly gregarious, and a population density of half a million birds in 500 acres has been counted at a colony in Antarctica.
		The smaller jackass penguins, Spheniscus demersus, are named for their braying cry, and crested penguins are distinguished by yellow plumes on either side of the head.
		Penguins are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/penguin.html (378 words)

	* Jackass - (Animals): Definition
		Among the small species is the jackass penguin Spheniscus demersus, which lays two eggs in a scraped hollow in the ground.
		Penguin s vary in their nesting methods, and some species build no nests at all.
		The Humboldt and jackass penguin s prefer a sheltered retreat, such as a burro w, and utilize sticks and other debris to form the nest...
	en.mimi.hu /animals/jackass.html (382 words)

	Jack-Ass Penguins. Boulder's Beach. Simon's Town.
		Penguins are also seen in Kommetjie, occasionally at Cape Point and on Robben Island.
		Jackass Penguins are endemic to mainly offshore islands and only three mainland sites on South Africa’s coast, Simon’s Town is one of the total of 28 world sites where they occur.
		Jackass Penguins are birds that are almost totally adapted to life at sea and can spend long periods without landing.
	www.sunsetbeach.co.za /penguins.htm (470 words)

	Jackass Penguin
		The jackass penguin, a flightless seabird, is found nowhere in the world except off the coast of southern Africa, i.e.
		Penguin numbers have therefore decreased by at least 90% in 60 years, and this fall is continuing.
		Penguins breeding on the mainland are vulnerable to mainland predators not found on islands, such as leopards, genets and domestic dogs and cats, and also to human disturbance unless the colonies are adequately fenced and patrolled.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /EnvFacts/facts/penguin.htm (705 words)

	ADW: Spheniscus demersus: Information
		Unlike other penguin species, the Jackass Penguin does not have a creche stage because of the isolative behavior during mating and nesting of the species.
		Jackass Penguins are able to get this far from shore because they can swim up to 7 km per hour.
		The penguin is known to eat twenty-five species of fish, eighteen species of crustaceans, three species of squid, and one species of polychaete.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/accounts/information/Spheniscus_demersus.html (905 words)

	The African Penguin Simons Town
		Penguins are flightless, aquatic birds, which live in the southern oceans in climates as varied as Antarctica and the Galapagos Islands on the equator.
		The closest relatives of the African penguin are, in fact, the Humboldt and Magellanic penguins of South America and the Galapagos penguins of the Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador.
		Since penguins are well adapted to the cold, the South American and African penguins feel the heat on land and have evolved various ways to cope with the sun.
	www.simonstown.com /tourism/penguins/penguins.htm (1861 words)

	Encyclopedia: Jackass Penguin
		The closest relatives of the African Penguins are the Humboldt and Magellanic penguins found in southern South America and the Galapagos Penguin found in the Pacific Ocean near the equator.
		African Penguins have an average lifespan of 10-11 years, the females reaching sexual maturity at the age of 4 years, and males at the age of 5 years.
		This added to the drastic decline of the penguin population around the Cape coast, a decline which was hastened by pollution of the penguins' natural habitat by petrochemicals from spills, shipwrecks and cleaning of tankers while at sea.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Jackass-Penguin (497 words)

	Hutchinson Multimedia Encyclopedia - penguin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Penguins congregate to breed in 'rookeries', and often spend many months incubating their eggs while their mates are out at sea feeding.
		As with all six species of crested penguins of the eudyptid (crested) genus, the macaroni penguin lays two eggs but generally abandons the first, smaller one; it is often eaten by predatory birds such as sheathbills.
		Jackass penguins have declined in numbers, at first because of egg-collecting by humans, but more recently owing to overfishing, which deprives them of food, and to oil spills near their breeding colonies.
	www.hme.co.uk /samples/penguin.htm (886 words)

	Jackass Penguin Population Is Dwindling
		At present, the jackass penguin is listed as a "vulnerable endemic species of south-western Africa because it has lost at least three quarters of its population this century".
		Penguin eggs were collected commercially for food (500 000 eggs were removed from Dassen Island in 1925, for instance).
		Some penguins have been found in a healthy state carrying a ring that was put on 15 years ago.
	www.encounter.co.za /article/47.html (866 words)

	African Penguin
		African penguins are similar to Humboldt Penguins, the main differences are that the Humboldt penguins are heavier, have proportionately longer flippers and a narrower white band on the head.
		Penguins are adapted primarily to cool aquatic environments, and the need to reduce heat loss is of major importance to all penguins.
		One of the ways in which African penguins have adapted to terrestrial life in the temperate zone is to confine their activities at breeding sites largely to dawn and dusk periods.
	www.sanccob.co.za /african_penguin.htm (1557 words)

	African Penguin Printout- EnchantedLearning.com
		Penguins are birds that cannot fly, but penguins swim very well and spend most of their lives in the sea.
		Penguins are countershaded; they have a lighter color on the belly and a darker color on their back; this coloration helps camouflage them when they are in the water, hiding them from predators.
		Populations : African penguin populations are declining rapidly due to many factors, including: reduction of their food supply (by overfishing), pollution (from oil tankers), egg harvesting by people, disease, and guano (bird droppings) removal from their nesting grounds for use as a fertilizer.
	enchantedlearning.com /subjects/birds/printouts/Jackasspenguin.shtml (432 words)

	PENGUIN - Definition
		Note : Penguins are found in the south temperate and antarctic regions.
		longirostris }) are the largest ; the jackass penguins ({ Spheniscus }) and the rock hoppers ({ Catarractes }) congregate in large numbers at their breeding grounds.
		Alternatively, a penguin seen in your dream suggests that you are being weighed down by your emotions or by a negative situation.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/penguin (284 words)

	Jackass penguins: page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Jackass penguins are the only nesting penguins found on the African continent.
		Jackass Penguins are also known as African Penguins, and have the scientific name of Sphenicus demersis.
		Jackass penguins on the beach at Boulders in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /Presents/Focuson/penguins (176 words)

	Penguins: African Penguins - Spheniscus demersus
		African Penguins are fl above and white below, with a fl chin and face patch separated from the crown by a broad white band.
		The African Penguin is classified as Vulnerable in the South African Red Data Book for birds, is considered Vulnerable in terms of the IUCN threatened species categories, and is listed in Appendix II of CITES and the Bonn Convention for the conservation of migratory species.
		Initially, the decline was due mostly to the exploitation of penguin eggs for food, and habitat alteration and disturbance associated with guano collection at breeding colonies.
	www.penguins.cl /african-penguins.htm (1676 words)

	Pete & Barbara's Magellanic Penguin Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Magellanic penguins have a broad fl band under their chin and another that runs in an inverted horseshoe shape around their fronts.
		The Magellanic penguins are often called "Jackass penguins" on the Falkland Islands.
		Magellanic penguins breed on the east and southern coasts of South America, on off shore islands and in the Falkland Islands.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/Peter_and_Barbara_Barham/magell.htm (312 words)

	Jackass Penguin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The penguins were dying because of egg collecting and guano mining but these are now illegal.
		The places were the penguins breed have been turned into tourist resorts and roads.
		The Jackass Penguin lives in coastal waters and beaches on the coast of South Africa and Nambia.
	intranet.hackney-lea.org.uk /highwire/srb%20intranet/gain%20yr3%20endangered%20species/penguins/penguin.html (110 words)

	Information about U.N. (Vienna) FDC: €0,51 VN Jackass Penguin: Endangered Species Series (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Jackass Penguin is classified Spheniscus demersus, and is also known as the African or Blackfoot penguin.
		The Jackass Penguin spends most of the day in the water where it feeds on fish, crustaceans and squid.
		Jackass Penguin populations are declining rapidly due to many factors, including habitat degradation, egg harvesting, commercial fisheries, oil spills and excess fishing of surrounding waters by people.
	www.unicover.com /EA1BCNML.htm (457 words)

	Pete & Barbara's African Penguin Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		African Penguins have a broad fl band that runs in an inverted horseshoe shape around their fronts.
		These older names are not recommended; African penguins do not have entirely fl feet, all the Spheniscid penguins have been called "Jackass" at some time in the past, and the African penguins are not exclusively found around the Cape.
		African penguins breed on the coast of South Africa and on off shore islands.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/Peter_and_Barbara_Barham/bf.htm (320 words)

	Van the Penguin Man (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Penguins form a truly unique bird family, comprising 6 genera and a total of 17 species found only in the Southern hemisphere.
		They are flightless, due to the fact that their ancestors lost their ability to fly as long as 100 million years ago.
		Some of these prehistoric penguins stood taller than l.5m and must have had a mass of about 100kg.
	users.iafrica.com /b/bo/boulders/van_the_penguin_man.htm (195 words)

	New Page 1
		Because of all of the human influences on the penguins, such as oiling (collecting penguin blubber an using it for proposes of very much like whaling industries did) caused the population, which started in the millions to go down to about what it is today.
		If the spouse is waiting for this penguin looking for food to return, they will abandon the chicks or eggs because of their need for food.
		The Jackass Penguin is different from other types of penguins when it comes to breeding.
	home.earthlink.net /~rockhopperpenguin/BlackFooted.htm (732 words)

	Penguins
		There are 17 species of penguins, ranging in size from the largest emperor penguin to the diminutive fairy penguin.
		Penguins will not cross warm ocean water; therefore, they are all found in nature south of the equator.
		Penguins are perfectly adapted to the environment in which they live, but they are less able to cope with alterations to the environment brought about by commercial fishing, oil pollution and coastal development.
	www.42explore.com /penguin.htm (1980 words)

	penguin lifespan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The average lifespan of penguins is probably 15 to 20 years.
		The average lifespan of penguins is 15 to 20 years (up to 20 years.
		… African Penguins have an average lifespan of 10-11 years, the females reaching sexual maturity at the age of 4 years, and males at the age of 5 years.
	www.aimmtransport.com /penguin-lifespan.html (320 words)

	Penguin species: Emperor penguin, King penguin, Adelie, Rockhopper, Blue penguin, Macaroni, African (Jackass), Gentoo, ...
		The Brush-tailed Penguins : genus Pygoscelis - "Bottom-legged"
		The only crested penguin with an erect crest: no part of the crest comes below the bird's eye level (when the crest is dry; it droops when it is wet).
		Note: penguin lengths are measured from the tip of the bill to the tip of the tail, when the penguin is stretched out.
	www.patrickdepinguin.com /penguins/species (415 words)

	Black-footed Penguin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		All penguins are aquatic, that is they often are found in water, and are flightless.
		There are eighteen species of penguins recognized in the world, the Black-footed Penguins are the only ones found in warm southern and southwestern Africa.
		The Black-footed Penguin makes a loud donkey-like braying noise, earning them the nickname “Jackass penguin.” These penguins are among the least studied penguins and at this time little is known of the breeding habits of the Black-footed penguin.
	www.hensonrobinsonzoo.org /n001.html (219 words)

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