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	amish name (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The question of where Jacob Amman came from is complicated by the fact that he lived in both Switzerland and France.
		The record states that Jacob Amman, son of Michel Amman and Ann Rupp(en) was baptisted Feb. 12, 1644.
		A government document that mentions Jacob Amman, a statement in the Bern State Archives in 1730, says he was an Anabaptist minister.
	www.geocities.com /heartland/Acres/5791/amish/AMISHNAM.HTM (440 words)

	Amish
		Amman felt that the Mennonites were drifting from close adherence to the teachings of Simons and the 1632 Mennonite Dordrecht Confession of Faith.
		Amman insisted upon this practice, even to the point of a spouse refusing to sleep or eat with the banned member until he/she repented of his/her behavior.
		This strict literalism brought about a division of the Mennonites in Switzerland in 1693, and led to the establishment of the Amish branch of Mennonites.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/a/am/amish.html (758 words)

	A survey
		Non-religious customs of the period – hooks and eyes instead of buttons, shoestrings instead of buttons, bonnets and aprons, broad brimmed hats, and beards and long hair – became identifying characteristics of the church and were seen in terms of religious conformity.
		All of the Mennonites during Amman’s time were in a loose federation and strove to remain of one mind.
		Amman’s strict interpretation of the "avoidance" clause in the ban led to a division among the Mennonites, with some following Amman and separating themselves from the others.
	www.quilteposten.com /survey.htm (1122 words)

	Jacob Amman
		Jacob Amman (Jakob Ammann) was born in 1644(?) in Erlenbach im Simmental[?], Switzerland, but later moved to Alsace as part of a wave of Anabaptist emigration from out of the Canton of Berne.
		In 1693, Jakob Ammann took issue from out of Alsace with Swiss Mennonite leader Hans Reist[?] in regards to what he saw as a lack of overall discipline in the Mennonite congregations.
		Later in life, Jakob Ammann would regret his actions and would make attempts for Amish reunification with the Mennonites, even apparently offering to ban himself from his own congregation in order to show his regret for the disunity that he believed he had helped cause.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ja/Jakob_Amman.html (173 words)

	Huppi, April 00
		Jacob Ammann, whose reform movement in Alsace, Switzerland and the Palatinate led to a well-known and painful schism in the 1690s, is one of the most controversial figures in Anabaptist history.
		Jacob, the son of Michael Ammann and Anna Rupp, not only became an Anabaptist there, but he had a brother named Uli, eighteen years his junior, who was born in Oberhofen.
		Jacob Ammann sein bruder, beid wonhafft zu Oberhofen und gepürtig zu Thal in der Kilch”ri Erlenbach, Castlaney Wimmis, und Verena Stüdler sein haußfrauw, sond'lich sy die frauw mit handen und gwaltt obgedachts ihres ehemanns, bürg vnd mittgültten,.
	www.goshen.edu /mqr/pastissues/apr00huppi.html (4476 words)

	Descendants of Jacob H (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Jacob left Rotterdam and arrived in Philadelphia 9 Nov 1738 with his wife and two small children on the ship, "Charming Nancy." He was 26 years old when he arrived in America.
		Jacob purchased a 43 acre farm about 10 miles south of the massacre site in what is now North Heidelberg Twp on 28 June 1765.
		Jacob was killed during the Hochstetler Massacre by a small group of Delaware Indians.
	collectornuts.com /hochstetler.htm (2039 words)

	Online Etymology Dictionary
		proper name, biblical son of Jacob (also the name of a tribe descended from him), from Heb., lit.
		son of Jacob by Leah (O.T.), name of a biblical tribe of Israel, from Gk.
		The first in America is said to have been John Jacob Astor (1763-1848).
	www.etymonline.com /index.php?search=Jacob (680 words)

	Strat's Place - Daniel Rogov - In The Pennsylvania Way
		When the followers of Jacob Amman came to America in the early 18th century, they were seeking a place where they could practice their religion without being persecuted.
		Amman, a bishop in the Swiss Mennonite church rejected any intellectual approach to religion and believed that the true way to know God was through extensive study of the Bible and deeply intimate religious experiences.
		It was traditional, for example, at every meal of the day to set out a wide variety of foods and soups, meat dishes, salads, vegetables and sweets were served buffet-style at breakfast, lunch and dinner.
	www.stratsplace.com /rogov/pennsylvania_way.html (755 words)

	artCANAL Exhibition
		Amish Quilts have long been treasured as an art form in America, but, as Fitzgerald discovered in her research, there is little evidence or knowledge of this culture in Switzerland, the land of origin of the Amish people.
		It was in 1700, when a Mennonite religious leader in Switzerland named Jacob Amman, led his followers into the mountains to escape religious persecution.
		Jacob Amman was born in Erlenbach in the Simmental and lived for a time outside of Bowil, southeast of Bern, where today local residents point out a historic house where he had lived.
	www.astridfitzgerald.com /exhibit-6.htm (552 words)

	Amish (Amish) denomination updates from Becker Bible Studies Library
		The Swiss bishop, Jacob Amman, broke from the Mennonite church somewhere around early 17th century.
		Jacob Amman believed the Mennonites were not following the teachings of Menno Simons and his 1623 Mennonite Dordrecht Confession of Faith.
		Jacob Amman did not approve of the negligence of the ban on believers who would not terminate contact with non conforming members of the Mennonite society.
	www.guidedbiblestudies.com /library/amish.htm (2291 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Jacob and Magdalena Bender emigrated from the town of Waldeck in the state of Hesse and bought a small farm in Ontario, Canada in 1832.
		This mode of church discipline was characterized by the practice of the "ban", or "shunning".
		By the time we moved back to another Mennonite settlement, this time in Indiana, the pro-TV forces in the church had won the debate, and television was no longer an issue.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~rbender/farm.html (2181 words)

	Jacob Amman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jacob Amman (Jakob Ammann) was born circa 1644 in Erlenbach im Simmental, Switzerland, but later moved to Alsace as part of a wave of Anabaptist emigration from out of the Canton of Berne.
		Some believe he is the Jakob Ammann who was born on 12 February 1644, to Michael and Anna Rupp Ammann of Erlenbach.
		He also increased holding communion to twice a year, differing from the Swiss practice of annual communion services.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Jacob_Amman (508 words)

	Welcome to WWW.BeMentFamily.Com
		Mary's grandfather, the Reverend Jacob Augspurger (1786-1846) was ordained a Bishop in 1830, and was one the first Mennonite ministers in Butler County, Ohio.
		Jacob then adopted Marie "Mary" A. Heiser, in addition to Jacob and Catherine having eight children of their own.
		Mary's grandfather, the Reverend Jacob Augspurger (1786-1846) was one of the first Mennonite ministers in Butler County, Ohio; and was ordained a Bishop in the church in 1830.
	www.bementfamily.com /report5.htm (3983 words)

	Amish Quilts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1693 a Swiss farmer and bishop named Jacob Amman broke away from the Mennonite church.
		Jacob Amman was extremely conservative and insisted that discipline within the church be preserved by excommunication.
		Though Amish quilts are prized by the non Amish as works of art, the Amish would never considered themselves artists as this would be considered self-indulgent and too worldly under their beliefs.
	www.nmia.com /~mgdesign/qor/styles/amish/amish.htm (448 words)

	Jacob Amman: ZoomInfo Business People Information
		Jakob Amman, a former member of the Swiss Reformed church, converted to Anabaptism and later became a Mennonite minister and then elder (bishop) in the faith.
		Amman and those sympathetic to his concerns called for a meeting of all the ministers in the northern Swiss and southern German churches to discuss the problem and possible solutions.
		Because of their refusal to even talk, Amman felt he had no choice but to split from those who rejected his reforms.
	www.zoominfo.com /people/Amman_Jacob_323666439.aspx (284 words)

	Mennonite Church USA Historical Committee and Archives \| Home page for mcusa-archives.org
		It is not completely clear that the Abner Yoder who is named on the chart is the same man whom Jacob Swartzendruber visited in Somerset County (the Glades) in 1860, and whom later moved to Iowa.
		This is a typescript (English and German) of Jacob (?) P. Guengerich's account of his voyage (with JS and family) to America in 1833.
		Jacob F. Swartzendruber (1909-) printed copies of this in Kalona on a printing press, which belonged to S. Guengerich, Daniel's son.
	www.mcusa-archives.org /personal_collections/SwartzendruberDaniel.html (4766 words)

	Religious Movements Homepage: Amish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Amman was born in Switzerland and later moved to Alsace, where he became an elder and spokesman for the Anabaptists in that area
		The Swiss resisted Amman's reforms and in rebuke, Amman excommunicated the Swiss Ministers
		Jacob Amman's interpretation and practice of Meidung was even more strict than that of the Anabaptists.
	religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu /nrms/amish.html (3910 words)

	About The Amish
		The Amish originated in 1693 when a Swiss bishop named Jacob Amman and his followers broke from the Mennonite Church in an attempt to restore some of the early practices of the Mennonites.
		Amman had been an elder or bishop among the Swiss Brethren (Mennonite).
		Amman advocated a strong view on shunning (or the ban, which is a disassociation with members of the community who do not conform to the rules of the community--a form of discipline).
	www.dutchcrafters.com /aboutamish.aspx (2058 words)

	Denominations & World Religions
		In that year, Jacob Amman, a Swiss Anabaptist leader, believing that the church leaders were not holding to strict separation from the world, determined that a spiritual renewal was needed.
		Amman did not believe that the ban or shunning (i.e.
		Jacob Amman's interpretation and practice of Meidung was even stricter than that of the Anabaptists.
	www.newgeorgiachurch.com /menno2.html (2854 words)

	Anabaptist Belief updates from Becker Bible Studies Library
		Jacob Hutter was the founder of the Hutterites.
		The Mennonites who were founded by Menno Simon, the Hutterites the founder was Jacob Hutter, and the Amish the founder was Jacob Amman.
		The Anabaptist insists the Bible is the only authority for the establishment the practices in all church policy and worship.
	www.guidedbiblestudies.com /library/anabaptistbelief.htm (1238 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Mennonites - AOL Research & Learn
		One of the most conservative divisions is the Amish Church, which, under the leadership of Jacob Amman (late 17th cent.), broke away from the main body in Europe.
		The Church of God in Christ (1859) and the Old Order Mennonites, formed in 1870 under Jacob Wisler, are among the other branches.
		Large numbers of Mennonites are found in Canada, and a number of American, Canadian, and European Mennonites have moved to colonies in Mexico and South America.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/mennonites/20051206215009990006 (515 words)

	Amish - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Amish movement takes its name from that of Jacob Amman (c.
		Much of the laxity was in the area of shunning excluded members, also called the ban (or Meidung in Pennsylvania German).
		This strict literalism brought about a division of the Swiss Mennonites, who, because of unwelcoming conditions in Switzerland, were scattered throughout Alsace to the Palatinate.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Amish (2224 words)

	Elizabeth Saxton
		The Amish are gentle and hard-working farmers, and while they are found in twenty states in America, they are primarily located today in Pennsylvania, specifically Lancaster County.
		The Amish’s overriding principle of Meidung, or shunning, is strictly defined as “not traveling, doing business, or eating with a former church member,” and this principle originated from Jacob Amman in the developing years of the religion (Seitz, Amish Country, 17).
		Beginning with its conservative founder, Jacob Amman, the Amish religion has continued to this day to remain one that leans very strongly on the conservative edge of religion.
	home.wlu.edu /~lubint/Touchstone/Amish-Saxton.htm (2951 words)

	THE AMISH: history, beliefs, practices, etc.
		J Gordon Melton, head of the Institute for the Study of American Religion, classifies them as part of the European Free-Church Family along with Mennonites, Brethren Quakers and other denominations.
		The Amish movement was founded in Europe by Jacob Amman (~1644 to ~1720 CE), from whom their name is derived.
		In many ways, it started as a reform group within the Mennonite movement -- an attempt to restore some of the early practices of the Mennonites.
	www.religioustolerance.org /amish.htm (534 words)

	The People Sentinel: News
		Doctrine and questions over the nature of Scripture were again raised in 1693 when Jacob Amman led an effort to reform the Mennonite church.
		The primary issue was the practice of shunning - the avoidance of someone who has sinned.
		Amman felt the Mennonite's shunning wasn't strict enough and it eventually led to a break from the Mennonites when he formed the Amish.
	www.thepeoplesentinel.com /articles/2006/11/01/news/03_menno.txt (989 words)

	Spero News: Who are the Amish?
		The Amish are an Anabaptist sect of Protestant Christianity named after their founder Jacob Amman who broke away from the Mennonites, who are also Anabaptists.
		The Amish fled Germany from the Mennonites to Switzerland in 1623 because they refused to join the military or accept infant baptism and because they practised shunning.
		It is also believed Jacob Amman believed the Mennonites to be to undisciplined.
	www.speroforum.com /site/print.asp?idarticle=5809 (512 words)

	The Amish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		157 years later, in Switzerland 1693, Jacob Amman, a bishop, quit the Mennonite church.
		Some people followed Jacob Amman in his act.
		These people were called the "Amish." Although the Amish and Mennonite churches broke apart a few times, they still share the same beliefs about baptism, non-resistance, and basic Bible doctrines.
	www.tqnyc.org /NYC030180/Elsewhere/SidebySide/Amish/Amish-2.html (462 words)

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