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Topic: Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn

	Jacobus Kapteyn
		In 1904, studying the proper motions of stars, Kapteyn reported that these were not random, as it was believed in that time; stars could be divided into two streams, moving in nearly opposite directions.
		Kapteyn retired in 1921 at the age of 70, but on the request of his former student and director of Leiden Observatory Willem de Sitter[?], Kapteyn went back to Leiden to assist in upgrading the observatory to contemporary astronomical standards.
		In his model the Galaxy was thought to be 40,000 light years in size, the sun being relatively close (2,000 light years) to its center, and was valid at high galactic latitudes but failed in the galactic plane[?] because of the lack of knowledge of interstellar absorption.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ja/Jacobus_Kapteyn.html (437 words)

	J.C. Kapteyn -- Biography
		Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn was born in the village of Barneveld, the Netherlands on 19th January 1851 as one of many children of the village's schoolmaster.
		Kapteyn found evidence that these proper motions were not random, as was generally accepted in that time.
		Kapteyn retired in 1921 at the age of 70.
	www.strw.leidenuniv.nl /~heijden/kapteynbio.html (799 words)

	Jacobus_Kapteyn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn, (January 19, 1851â“June 18, 1922) was a Dutch astronomer, best known for his extensive studies of the Milky Way and as the first discoverer of evidence for galactic rotation.
		Kapteyn later retired in 1921 at the age of 70, but on the request of his former student and director of Leiden Observatory Willem de Sitter, Kapteyn went back to Leiden to assist in upgrading the observatory to contemporary astronomical standards.
		Kapteyn crater on the Moon Asteroid 818 Kapteynia Kapteyn's Star Kapteyn Astronomical Institute at the University of Groningen Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope (JKT) at La Palma, one of the Canary islands Database "http://easy-credit-card.rubylq2.com/Jacobus_Kapteyn"
	easy-credit-card.rubylq2.com /Jacobus_Kapteyn (674 words)

	Kapteyn, Jacobus Cornelius (1851-1922)
		Kapteyn studied at Utrecht University and served as professor of astronomy at the University of Groningen from 1878 to 1921.
		In 1906 he inaugurated a plan to measure the positions, magnitudes, spectral types, and proper motions of stars in selected areas of the sky with a view to determining the shape and structure of the Galaxy (then thought to be the entire universe).
		Kapteyn's selected areas, as they became known, consisted of 206 areas, each about 1° x 1°, uniformly spaced at about 15° intervals over the whole sky, plus 46 others in regions of special importance such as around the galactic poles.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/K/Kapteyn.html (342 words)

	[No title]
		Shortly after Kapteyn's death his model of the Sidereal System with the sun near the center was superceded by a much larger model, based on Harlow Shapley's determination of the distances to globular clusters and the confirmation of the existence of interstellar absorption.
		Kapteyn also pioneered international collaborations and was very successful in that; in this the necessity for him to work with plates, taken by others and measured in his "observatory without a telescope", and his Anglo-Saxon orientation (contrary to the German orientation so common in those days) must have been important factors in this.
		Kapteyn's first student, Willem de Sitter (Ph.D. thesis in 1901) had become director of Leiden Observatory and Jan Hendrik Oort, who had been turned to astronomy by Kapteyn, obtained his Ph.D. under van Rhijn in 1926 and also moved after a brief period in the USA to Leiden.
	www.rug.nl /sterrenkunde/onderzoek/geschiedenis (2739 words)

	JKT - Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922)
		Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn was born in Barneveld, the Netherlands on 19th January 1851.
		The discovery of interstellar extinction after Kapteyn's death resulted in the estimated size of the galaxy being increased to 100,000 light-years, and the sun being relegated to a distance of 30,000 light years from its centre.
		Kapteyn was a member of the French Academy of Science, a Fellow of the Royal Society and a founder member of the International Astronomical Union.
	www.ing.iac.es /PR/jkt_info/jktjacobus.html (735 words)

	Kapteyn's Star
		According to Ken Croswell, the extremely high proper motion of this star was discovered in 1897 by Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922) of the University of Groningen and by Robert Thorburn Ayton Innes (1861-1933) of Edinburgh, Scotland.
		As a result, Kapteyn developed the Cape Photographic Durchmusterung or CP(D), a catalog of 454,875 southern stars and values for the density of stars in space as a function of distance, brightness, and spectral class.
		Kapteyn's Star is the closest known halo star, a member of a local cluster of halo stars called the Kapteyn's star group that may be part of a local supercluster of halo stars distributed across 2,000 to 3,000 parsecs (6,500 to 9,800 light-years) into the Milky Way's galactic halo (Olin Jeuck Eggen, 1996).
	www.solstation.com /stars/kapteyns.htm (1125 words)

	Kapteyn, Jacobus Cornelius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Kapteyn was born in Barneveld and studied at Utrecht.
		Kapteyn entered into an arrangement with Cape Town Observatory in South Africa whereby photographs of the stars in the southern hemisphere were analysed at Groningen and published as Cape Photographic Durchmusterung 1896-1900.
		Studying the proper motions of stars, Kapteyn reported 1904 that these were not random, as had been believed; stars could be divided into two streams, moving in nearly opposite directions.
	cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/k/Kapteyn/1.html (202 words)

	Jacobus Kapteyn Summary
		Jacobus Kapteyn was born on Jan. 19, 1851, in Barneveld.
		Accordingly, in 1906 he proposed the Kapteyn Plan of Selected Areas for enlisting the help of astronomers throughout the world to determine the apparent magnitudes, parallaxes, spectral types, proper motions, and radial velocities of as many stars as possible in over 200 patches of sky.
		He was awarded the Kapteyn retired in 1921 at the age of 70, but on the request of his former student and director of Leiden Observatory Willem de Sitter, Kapteyn went back to Leiden to assist in upgrading the observatory to contemporary astronomical standards.
	www.bookrags.com /Jacobus_Kapteyn (1137 words)

	Jacobus Kapteyn Biography
		Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn, (January 19, 1851 — June 18, 1922) was a Dutch astronomer, best known for his extensive studies of the Milky Way and as the first discoverer of evidence for galatic rotation.
		His life-work First attempt at a theory of the arrangement and motion of the sidereal system was published in 1922, and described a lens-shaped island universe of which the density decreased away from the center, now known as the Kapteyn's Universe model.
		The model was valid at high galactic latitudes but failed in the galactic plane because of the lack of knowledge of interstellar absorption.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Kapteyn_Jacobus.html (488 words)

	The Bruce Medalists: Jacobus C. Kapteyn
		Kapteyn then organized his Plan of Selected Areas by which astronomers worldwide would determine positions and other data for vast numbers of stars.
		Kapteyn’s model of the sidereal system was valid at high galactic latitudes but failed in the galactic plane because of the lack of knowledge of interstellar absorption.
		Kapteyn’s Star –; the second fastest star known.
	www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu /BruceMedalists/Kapteyn/index.html (320 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Life and Works of J.C. Kapteyn: Books: Henrietta Hertzsprung-Kapteyn,E. Robert Paul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Among the most influential, world-renowned scientists during the early decades of the twentieth century was the Dutch astronomer Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922).
		Kapteyn's influence resulted from and contributed to the golden age of Dutch science.
		Access to the Kapteyn biography becomes an archival treasure for future studies dealing with Kapteyn himself, as well as with the history of both modern and Dutch astronomy and with the rise of international astronomy.
	www.amazon.ca /Life-Works-J-C-Kapteyn/dp/0792326032 (366 words)

	Pictor Constellation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Kapteyn's Star is a fairly faint (8.8) red dwarf known for its large proper motion, which is second only to Barnard's Star (in Ophiuchus).
		The star's discovery was made nearly a century ago, in 1897, by Professor Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922) of the University of Groningen in Holland.
		Kapteyn's lasting discovery was that all stars which have a measurable proper motion are part of one of two streams which move in different directions at different speeds.
	home.xtra.co.nz /hosts/Wingmakers/Pictor.html (1187 words)

	Amazon.fr : The Legacy of J.C. Kapteyn: Livres en anglais: P. C. Van Der Kruit,K. Van Berkel,Piet C. Van Der Kruit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851--1922) of the University of Groningen was one of the foremost astronomers of his time, resulting in a leading role internationally of Dutch astronomy throughout the twentieth century.
		In addition to historical studies related to Kapteyn's person, work, international collaborations and organisational efforts, the volume discusses the influence of Kapteyn on the internationalisation of astronomy and on contemporary astronomy.
		Addresses the influence of Dutch astronomer Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn on modern astronomy through his work in statistical astronomy and the Structure of the Sidereal System as well as his leadership in establishing international collaborations as in particular the Plan of Selected Areas.
	www.amazon.fr /Legacy-J-C-Kapteyn-Van-Kruit/dp/1402003749 (402 words)

	Cornelius — Infoplease.com
		Cornelius, in the New Testament, centurion of an Italian cohort stationed at Caesarea, one of the first Gentile converts and traditionally first bishop of Caesarea.
		Peter Cornelius - Cornelius, Peter, 1824–74, German composer and poet; follower of Liszt and Wagner.
		Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn - Kapteyn, Jacobus Cornelius, 1851–1922, Dutch astronomer.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0813583.html (167 words)

	Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn - Wikimedia Commons
		English: Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851–1922) was a Dutch astronomer.
		Nederlands: Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851–1922) was een Nederlans astronoom.
		Picture of Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn made at the Mount Wilson Observatory in 1908.
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Jacobus_Cornelius_Kapteyn (68 words)

	Star cluster Summary
		In 1906, Dutch astronomer Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922) selected random areas of the sky to count stars.
		Assuming the random areas were typical of the entire galaxy, he felt he could determine the overall distribution of stars in the galaxy statistically.
		Kapteyn's model ran afoul of one proposed by Harlow Shapley in 1918.
	www.bookrags.com /Star_cluster (1427 words)

	kalshoven
		Jacobus Kapteiijn (aka Kapteyn) was a professor of astronomy at Groningen University, and his picture hangs there in the gallery of greats.
		Kapteyn attended the State University of Utrecht and in 1875 became a member of the staff of Leiden Observatory.
		Kapteyn was not the first to use photographic methods in astronomy, but his breadth of scientific vision and capacity for carrying through large programs made him a key figure in the development of photographic astronomy.
	www.lamartin.com /genealogy/kalshoven.htm (3222 words)

	Modern Astronomy
		The Milky Way, or Galaxy, was interpreted by Thomas Wright in 1750 and William Herschel in 1784 as an optical phenomenon due to the stars being arranged in a shallow layer with the sun near its median plane.
		Herschel's conclusions have been modified, but broadly upheld, by subsequent applications of statistical techniques to the problem, notably by Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922), whose announcement, in 1904, of the phenomenon of "star streaming" afforded a foundation for speculations on the rotation of the Galaxy.
		Meanwhile, Harlow Shapley (1885-1972) drew conclusions as to the configuration and dimensions of the galactic system from a study of the distribution in space of the associated globular star clusters.
	members.tripod.com /~worldsite/astronomy/modastro.html (2260 words)

	Astronomers K (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Kapteyn, Jacobus Cornelius (1851-1922) - Dutch astronomer who studied and cataloged 454,000 stars of the Southern Hemisphere.
		He also studied the proper motion of stars and in so doing was able to measure the distances to them.
		Also a belt of asteroids beyond Pluto is named in his honor.
	www.pa.msu.edu /people/horvatin/Astronomers/astronomers_k.htm (160 words)

	Akademika
		Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922) of the University of Groningen wasone of the foremost astronomers of his time.
		Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922) of the University of Groningen wasone of the foremost astronomers of his time, resulting in a leading roleinternationally of Dutch astronomy throughout the 20th century.
		In addition to historical studiesrelated to Kapteyn's person, work, international collaborations andorganisational efforts, the volume discusses the influence of Kapteyn on theinternationalisation of astronomy and on contemporary astronomy.
	www.akademika.no /vare.php?isbn=0792363930 (142 words)

	Meningar.com om Jacobus. Kapteyn, fourteenth, Arminius mm.
		ING Home Page > Public Information > Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope > Jacobus Kapteyn Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn(1851-1922) Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn was born in Barneveld, the Netherlands on 19th January 1851...
		JACOBUS STAINER var TlxPgNm='id20'; Jacobus Stainer Violin
		General Info The Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope: General The Mounting The Optics Instruments Detectors The Dome and the Building Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922) Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope info sheet...
	www.meningar.com /jacobus.html (798 words)

	Amazon.com: "Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The work of the Dutch astronomer Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922), who studied the relationship between the density of stars and their distance from the earth, resulted in a new...
		utch astronomer Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn in 1909 identified the culprit.
		Such large families were Figure 7.1 Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922).
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Jacobus-Cornelius-Kapteyn (519 words)

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