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	Jacques de Vaucanson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24, 1709-November 21, 1782) was a French engineer and inventor who is credited with creating the world's first true robots, as well as for creating the first completely automated loom.
		He was born in Grenoble, France in 1709 as Jacques Vaucanson (the particle "de" was later added to his name by the Académie des Sciences [1]).
		Vaucanson was busy automating the French textile industry with punch cards- a technology that, as refined by Joseph-Marie Jacquard more than a half century later, would revolutionize weaving and, in the twentieth century, would be used to input data into computers and store information in binary form.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jacques_de_Vaucanson (657 words)

	Digesting Duck - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vaucanson disclaimed any attempt to make a perfect copy of the process of digestion, although he doubted whether the anatomists would feel that anything was left to be desired in the construction of the wings, ‘which had been imitated bone by bone’.
		The Disgesting Duck of France was unveiled by its creator, Jacques de Vaucanson, as the first automaton able to metabolise food and digest it, expelling waste just as a mortal duck, in the spring of 1739.
		Vaucanson quickly capitalised on the commercial success of his first android, modelled after a recent sculpture by Antoine Coysevox then in the gardens of the Palais des Tuileries, with the launch of a shepherd who played the tabor and pipe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shitting_duck_of_France (672 words)

	Collector Cafe - Register
		Jacques de Vaucanson is the man responsible for building some of the most impressive and eerily life-like automata of the 18th century.
		Vaucanson is reputed to have displayed an early flair for robot design when he constructed mechanical flying angels in a makeshift workshop at his Jesuit school in Grenoble.
		Vaucanson's earlier automatons had drawn upon existing musical archetypes in mechanical design - the duck, however, was a radical new departure, not least because it hinted at the wondrous digestive and anatomical processes of the still largely-unexplored human organism.
	www.collectorcafe.com /article_archive.asp?article=250&id=571 (406 words)

	Jacques de Vaucanson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24,1709-November 21,1782) was a French engineer and inventer who is credited for creating the world's first true robots, as well as for creating the first completely automated loom.
		In 1741 he was appointed by Cardinal Fleury, chief minister of Louis XV, as inspector of the manufacture of silk in France.He was charged with undertaking reforms of the silk manufacturing process.
		In 1746, he was made and a member of the Académie des Sciences[1].
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/j/ja/jacques_de_vaucanson.html (540 words)

	Books \| Living Dolls: A Magical History Of The Quest For Mechanical Life by Gaby Wood
		Vaucanson had designed seven levers corresponding to the fingers; but although the actions were all correct, the sound was not quite right.
		Vaucanson gave details of the duck's insides: not only was the grain, once swallowed, conducted via tubes to the animal's stomach, but Vaucanson had also had to install a "chemical laboratory" to decompose it.
		Vaucanson had tried to replace men with machines; men had died as a result, and he had been forced to escape violence under cover of night, disguised as a Minime monk.
	books.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,4357134-101750,00.html (2405 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| Extracts \| Living Dolls: A Magical History Of The Quest For Mechanical Life by Gaby Wood
		The flute, as Vaucanson had learned from his musical acquaintances, was considered one of the hardest instruments to play in tune - notes are produced not just by fingers and breath but by varying amounts of air blown into the flute, and different shapings of the lips.
		Vaucanson, it must be said, was a man much preoccupied by the state of his body.
		Vaucanson's biographers, André Doyon and Lucien Liaigre, blame the silk workers for stalling the march of progress, for France's industrial revolution lagging behind England's.
	books.guardian.co.uk /extracts/story/0,6761,650977,00.html (2423 words)

	VaucansonGB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Jacques de Vaucanson was born in Grenoble, France, on 24 February 1709, the son of a glove-maker.
		One was the first flexible tube of India rubber (caoutchouc), which was to have a variety of applications in many fields and which Vaucanson devised for the purpose of simulating the intestines in the " moving anatomy " of his "duck".
		Now we know that the De Vaucanson's three automata met different fates.The flute and tambourine playing shepherd was destroyed in the revolution, while the others were bought by a German collector.
	www.miralab.unige.ch /subpages/automates/eightennth/vaucanson_uk.htm (394 words)

	Jacques de Vaucanson...Artilifes.com
		He was born in Grenoble, France in 1709 as Jacques Vaucanson (the particle "de" was later added to his name by the Académie des Sciences.
		Vaucanson refused, however, wishing to serve his own country.
		In 1746, he was made a member of the Académie des Sciences.
	www.artilifes.com /jacquesdevaucanson.html (562 words)

	History of Jacques de Vaucanson's automata and androids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		And in addition to that, M. Jacques de Vaucanson's dissertation had all the clarity and precision of which this machine is capable, which proves both the intelligence of the creator and his extensive knowledge in all the mechanical parts.
		Vaucanson thus added two other automata to the exhibition in order to revive interest in it.
		Really, Vaucanson was not only my master of mechanics, I also had to bow in front of his genius for disappearing The animal was showed a vase in which there were grains bathing in water.
	www.automates-anciens.com /english_version_2/main_pages/vaucanson_automata.htm (1862 words)

	Vaucanson's duck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In pursuit of his ideas about the "moving anatomy", de Vaucanson built yet another automaton, a mechanical duck which could move in the typical, wagging way of a duck, eat and digest fish, and excrete the remains in a "natural" way.
		The feats performed by the duck were of a similar order to those performed by other automata of the time, but during the course of de Vaucanson's work, his genious for designing gave birth to new ideas, which represent important progress in the devlopment of technology.
		De Vaucanson became a rich man from exhibiting his automata, and for several years, his mechanical duck was the most talked-about bird in Europe!
	shoko.calarts.edu /~sroberts/articles/DeVaucanson.duck.html (550 words)

	Today in Technology History - Nov 21
		The brilliant French thinker and writer Voltaire (who, coincidentally, was born on November 21, 1694) compared Vaucanson to Prometheus, the figure in Greek mythology who taught humans the secret of fire.
		In 1741, Vaucanson was appointed chief inspector of France's silk industry, and he developed an automated loom that used punch-cards; it didn't catch on during his lifetime.
		Jacquard improved on Vaucanson's design, and the Jacquard loom played a pivotal role in the Industrial Revolution -- and later, its punch-cards became important in the history of computing.
	www.tecsoc.org /pubs/history/2002/nov21.htm (389 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Look for Jacques de vaucanson in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24, 1709 - November 21, 1782) was a French engineer and inventor who is credited with creating the world's first true robots, as well as for creating the first completely...
		The 18th-century mechanician, Jacques de Vaucanson, made 'robots' that were capable of playing musical instruments as melodiously as human beings - but it was his incontinent duck that has fascinated...
	jacques_de_vaucanson.iqexpand.com /index.php?title=Userlogin&... (392 words)

	Taffeta pants make grad students worth watching \| Oct 23, 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The first one, Jacques de Vaucanson (Adrian LaTourelle, DRA '99), is an optimist obsessed with the beauty of reason and the interconnectedness of the universe.
		He plans to show that all beings are, in fact, "living equations," by creating, through mathematic formulae and ratios, a mechanical duck that lives and behaves in the same random ways as a real duck.
		Jacques' inspiration comes from another eccentric scientist he meets at a ball thrown by his mistress.
	www.yaleherald.com /archive/xxvi/10.23.98/ae/grads.html (772 words)

	Jacques_de_Vaucanson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was born in Grenoble, France in 1709 as '''Jacques Vaucanson''' (the particle "de" was later added to his name by the Académie des Sciences [http://www.chez.com/soie/vaucans.htm]).
		Vaucanson refused, however, wishing to serve his own country [http://www.chez.com/soie/vaucans.htm].
		In 1746, he was made a member of the Académie des Sciences[http://www.vaucanson.org/lettres/divers/bio_vaucanson.htm].
	q-basic.xodox.de /Jacques_de_Vaucanson (590 words)

	Jacques de Vaucanson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24,1709-November 21,1782) was a French engineer and inventor who is credited with creating the world's first true robots (A mechanism that can move automatically)
		and de Vaucanson's creations were recognized as being revolutionary in their mechanical life-like sophistication.
		Vaucanson left a collection of his work as a bequest to Louis XVI (King of France from 1774 to 1792; his failure to grant reforms led to the French Revolution; he and his queen (Marie Antoinette) were guillotined (1754-1793))
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/jacques_de_vaucanson (1981 words)

	Jessica Riskin: Historian of science looks at automata and the quest for 'artificial life' :10/01
		Riskin says that the most surprising thing she has learned by studying Vaucanson's duck is the similarity between today's "artificial life" researchers people who build robots and computer programs that simulate living creatures and their 18th-century predecessors.
		Like Vaucanson, they believe that new technologies might let them bridge the gap between machines and life a belief that has led modern researchers to build artificial insects, fish, gorillas and even people.
		Vaucanson's duck was an impressive achievement in its ability to simulate the behavior of a live duck, but a spectacular failure in its attempt or lack thereof to simulate digestion.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/news/pr/01/riskinprofile1024.html (1459 words)

	Jacques de Vaucanson Biography / Biography of Jacques de Vaucanson History of Invention Biography
		Jacques de Vaucanson was a prolific inventor who made many contributions to the Industrial Revolution.
		Vaucanson's first automation, built in 1738, was "The Flute Player." The next, in 1739, was "The Tambourine Player." His most famous automaton was "The Duck," a robot bird that quacked, swam, flapped its wings, ate, drank, and even digested food.
		Late in his life, he collected many of his tools and inventions, plus those of others, and this collection was incorporated into the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers in Paris in 1794.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-jacques-de-vaucanson-woi (344 words)

	The Precursors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The most famous automata was a mechanical duck by Jacques de Vaucanson in 1745 that flapped its wings, raised up on its legs, stretched its neck, and moved its intestines that were visible from the outside.
		Influenced by Vaucanson, and by the flood of new inventions from the Industrial Revolution, the French silk-weaver Joseph Marie Jacquard was awarded a medal at the Paris Exhibition of 1801 for an improved automatic loom.
		Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville in Paris made a "phonautograph" in 1857 to trace sound waves on a carbonized cylinder with a stylus attached to a diaphragm that vibrated from spoken sounds.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/recording/precursors.html (1222 words)

	Science historian examines the 18th-century quest for 'artificial life' : 10/01
		Riskin says that the most surprising thing she has learned by studying Vaucanson's duck is the similarity between today's "artificial life" researchers -- people who build robots and computer programs that simulate living creatures -- and their 18th-century predecessors.
		Like Vaucanson, they believe that new technologies might let them bridge the gap between machines and life -- a belief that has led modern researchers to build artificial insects, fish, gorillas and even people.
		Vaucanson's duck was an impressive achievement in its ability to simulate the behavior of a live duck, but a spectacular failure in its attempt -- or lack thereof -- to simulate digestion.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2001/october24/riskinprofile-1024.html (1508 words)

	Wired 10.03: Monster in a Box
		Members of the Académie des Sciences, one of the world's foremost scientific societies, scrutinized the Turk, but they were no more able to fathom the secret of its operation than anyone else.
		Next, Vaucanson built a boy who played a drum with one hand and a pipe held by the other; the sound of the pipe was even more dependent on the air pressure, the tonguing, and the position of the mechanical figure's fingers than the flute player's music was.
		The creations of Vaucanson, Kempelen, and their contemporaries are arguably the ancestors of almost all modern machinery; automata occupied the same intersection of technology, entertainment, and commerce that computers do today.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/10.03/turk_pr.html (3374 words)

	Vaucanson's Mechanical Duck
		In Grenoble, Vaucanson's memory lives on in a curious little museum that is open to the public: Le Musée des Automates des Grenoble, "Reves Mecaniques." The owners, Mr.
		Of particular interest is a replica of Vaucanson's famous duck made by a clock-maker from Chambery.
		The techniques Vaucanson invented were subsequently perfected by Jacquard the father of modern looms and a remote ancestor (because of the punch cards) of today's computer revolution.
	www.swarthmore.edu /Humanities/pschmid1/essays/pynchon/vaucanson.html (472 words)

	What is an Automaton?
		A disc with a question written on it is inserted into the device, and the figure of a magician points his wand at the answer.
		The Turk may have been a fake, but Jacques de Vaucanson's creations were purely mechanical.
		De Vaucanson's masterpiece was a mechanical duck which performed convincingly enough to fool a live duck.
	www.angelfire.com /punk2/walktheplank/automatons.html (1106 words)

	Schwartz - A Happening Thing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		What young Vaucanson was most proud of and what most excited his 18thcentury audiences was not the vigorous flapping of wings, not the quacking, not even the gobbling of the grain.
		Vaucanson was exhibiting his duck at just that time when French scientists, engineers, physicians, philosophers, and public servants were beginning to catalogue, classify, and worry over industrial effluvia, odors, human waste, and offal.
		Thirdly, it has to do with the mystery of reducing things to their essences: during digestion, bad substance is removed from good substance by some complex chemistry which Vaucanson neither understood nor attempted to reproduce; what was crucial for audiences to observe, at last, was that shit did happen.
	www.dimensionsmagazine.com /dimtext/Schwartz/Happening_thing.html (1516 words)

	Jacques De Vaucanson Biography / Biography of Jacques De Vaucanson 1700 To 1799: Technology and Invention Biography
		Jacques De Vaucanson Biography / Biography of Jacques De Vaucanson 1700 To 1799: Technology and Invention Biography
		De Vaucanson's machine was a great improvement, and in 1770 he invented the chain drive to help run his machines.
		De Vaucanson's was the first chain drive in Europe, though such drives had been invented independently in China 800 years earlier.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-jacques-de-vaucanson-scit-0412345 (134 words)

	Blogger: Email Post to a Friend (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vaucanson�s Shitting Duck was one of the more unsavory products of the French Enlightenment.
		When it was unveiled by Jacques de Vaucanson in 1739, thousands watched the "canard dig�rateur" stretch its neck to eat grain from a hand, then swallow, digest and defecate it.
		Goethe mentioned Vaucanson's automata in his diary, and Sir David Brewster called the duck "perhaps the most wonderful piece of mechanism ever made." Sadly, the whole thing was a fake: The droppings were prefabricated and hidden in a separate compartment.
	www.blogger.com /email-post.g?blogID=3685737&postID=112126354152761127 (236 words)

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