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Topic: Jadidism

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	Jadid Summary
		Jadid rhetoric was usually sharply critical of the present state of Muslim society, which the Jadids contrasted unfavorably to their own glorious past and the present of the "civilized" countries of Europe.
		The Jadids were treated with suspicion by the Russian Government, which disliked their connections with similar Muslim reform movements in the Ottoman Empire and British India, and suspected them of having Pan-Turkic and Pan-Islamic aims.
		A provisional Government of Jadid Reformers in the settled regions of Russian Turkestan (a leading member of which was Mustafa Chokay) was established in the city of Kokand, whilst a parallel organisation in the Steppe, the Alash Orda, was set up in the city of Semipalatinsk.
	www.bookrags.com /Jadid (1674 words)

	Jadid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originating with the Tatars of the Volga and Crimea, among whom it was popularized by such thinkers as Volgan Musa Bigiev, it later spread to Central Asia, in particular the cities of Bukhara and Kokand.
		The Jadids were treated with suspicion by the Russian Government, which disliked their connections with similar Muslim reform movements in the Ottoman Empire and British India, and suspected them of having Pan-Turkic and Pan-Islamic aims.
		A provisional Government of Jadid Reformers in the settled regions of Russian Turkestan was established in the city of Kokand, whilst a parallel organisation in the Steppe, the Alash Orda (a leading member of which was Mustafa Chokay), was set up in the city of Semipalatinsk.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jadid (697 words)

	On Liberty
		The term jadidism comes from the phrase "isuli-cadid," which translates as "new method." The newness of the method refers here to education and new methods of instruction in Tatar-Muslim schools.
		The Bolshevik coup in 1917 and the subsequent imposition of atheism on society prevented jadidism from developing as an independent phenomenon within Islam, although today in Tatarstan and Baskortostan, and in Russia as a whole, conditions for religious self-expression are entirely different.
		Jadidism is seen as a means of destroying Muslim self-consciousness, a means of weakening the feeling common to all Muslims that they belong to an umma -- a single community.
	www.rferl.org /specials/50radioliberty/guilfanov-speech.asp (1186 words)

	MuslimVillage Forums -> Central Asia: Jadidism -- Old Tradition Of Renewal
		However, Jadidism did not survive the upheavals ushered in by the Bolshevik revolution in 1917, and most of the Jadids, as the movement's partisans were known, perished in Stalin's purges.
		Jadidism was not a movement in the strict sense, nor was it a purely Central Asian phenomenon.
		At the heart of the Jadid project was a new method of teaching to replace the existing practice in maktabs, as primary schools in Central Asia were known in the late 19th century.
	forums.muslimvillage.net /index.php?showtopic=37248&view=getnewpost (1847 words)

	KavkazCenter - Surrogate instead of Islam
		Jadidism, a reform movement in school education, emerged in the second half of the 19th century among the Turkic nations of the Russian empire.
		Apologists of Jadidism are also explaining their ideas claiming that fundamental Islam is too hard to understand for «our Christian Orthodox neighbors», for example.
		Apparently, the central government, as well as the local pseudo-national puppet elite, needs to have 'its own' religion to secure themselves and their seats against unnecessary activities of the people, who are focusing their eyes on the true religion more and more.
	www.kavkazcenter.com /eng/content/2004/08/18/3091_print.html (550 words)

	EPS Faculty and Staff: M. Mobin Shorish: Back to Jadidism
		Jadidism was a movement not particular only to Muslims of the Imperial Russia but to most of the Islamic countries of the Near and Middle East.
		The method of educating the young was called usuli Jadid or usuli Nau (the new method) in contrast to the usuli Qadim (the old method) of the maktab (usually conducted in a mosque) and madrasah that was prevalent among the Muslims of Russia and other Muslim countries at the end of the nineteenth century.
		Also in discussing the supportive environment, various forms of demands such as those generated by the socioeconomic status of the student, by the education itself (the derived demand), by the market demand (worldwide), and by the social demand for education have to be investigated for inefficiencies to be avoided.
	www.ed.uiuc.edu /EPS/people/Shorish_Jadidism.html (9209 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Reform and Contention in Central Asian Islam: A Historical Perspective
		The Jadids formulated a harsh critique of turn-of-the-century Central Asian society, attributing the "decline" and "degeneration" of their community to its departure from the true path of "pure" Islam.
		Jadidism was clearly a movement for change from within Islam, although not an Islam untouched by outside forces.
		The reformist, modernist view of Islam articulated by the Jadids survived the Soviet period among the small group of clerics officially recognized by the regime.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav022400.shtml (1005 words)

	Jadidism in Central Asia by Adeeb Khalid
		Jadidism is a Sunni movement that was an attempt by Central Asian Islamic scholars, 100 years ago, to recreate a revitalized Islam compatible with the modern world.
		It was called "Jadidism," advocating a new ("jadid"), flexible, and dynamic Islam.
		Instead of treating the words of Mohammed as sacred petrified fossils, the Jadidists considered them as guides to the future, asking themselves not what Mohammed said centuries ago in the context of his day, but what he would say now if Allah brought him back to earth today.
	www.lahana.org /blog/Jadidism.htm (206 words)

	Publication : The Republic of Tatarstan
		Jadid mainly struggled against taqlid for critical thinking, for the high education of Muslims, and the equality of men and women, tolerance towards other religions and openness to the cultural achievements of Europe.
		It is impossible to repeat Jadidism literally as the situation has changed.
		The theological component of Jadidism was not uniforn - some theologians adhered to the positions of renovation of Islam: some were quite moderate, such as Gataulla Bayazitov, and some were rather radical reformers like Musa Bigiyev.
	www.tatar.ru /index.php?DNSID=a69230445ce660ea6b4f6f1803c2b318&page=1&node_id=1379&full=1136 (4209 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This movement was labelled Jadidism, or, convolutedly, "Pan- Turkism." Treated as if a "pan" movement were the plague itself, even today, such "bogey-man" approach is widely applied to any thought even remotely suggesting that Crimean Tatars have a history prior to the coming of the Bolsheviks.
		The Jadid movement had begun among Idil Tatars as an attempt to modernize the curricula of the madrasa (loosely, Islamic seminaries).
		The Jadids advocated the rejuvenation of education by ending blind memorization of a few texts and the addition of such secular courses of study as sciences and Western languages.
	www.angelfire.com /on/paksoy/crimean.html (3674 words)

	Comparative Index to Islam : JADIDISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Jadidism is a Sunni movement that was an attempt by Central Asian Islamic scholars, 100 years ago, to recreate a revitalized Islam compatible with the modern world.
		It was called "Jadidism," advocating a new ("jadid"), flexible, and dynamic Islam.
		Instead of treating the words of Mohammed as sacred petrified fossils, the Jadidists considered them as guides to the future, asking themselves not what Mohammed said centuries ago in the context of his day, but what he would say now if Allah brought him back to earth today.
	www.answering-islam.org /Index/J/jadidism.html (121 words)

	H-Net Review: Shoshana Keller on The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia
		But Khalid maintains that the Jadids were primarily concerned with internal social and cultural reform, not a political response to the Russians--in fact they were politically weak except for a brief period after 1917.
		The Jadids used the European media of print and theater to propagate their ideas, creating new spaces for public discourse beyond the control of the old elites (and contributing to the concept of public discourse itself).
		While the Jadids paid little attention to concepts of class (they mostly ignored the peasants, who made up the vast majority of Turkestan's population), they spent much time in their writings envisioning a Muslim Turkestani nation, one that was distinct from the Tatars, Armenians, and Jews around them.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=9888931810049 (1740 words)

	Crimean Tatars
		This movement was labelled Jadidism, or, convolutedly, "Pan- Turkism." Treated as if a "pan" movement were the plague itself, even today, such "bogey-man" approach is widely applied to any thought even remotely suggesting that Crimean Tatars have a history prior to the coming of the Bolsheviks.
		The Jadid movement had begun among Idil Tatars as an attempt to modernize the curricula of the madrasa (loosely, Islamic seminaries).
		The Jadids advocated the rejuvenation of education by ending blind memorization of a few texts and the addition of such secular courses of study as sciences and Western languages.
	www.euronet.nl /users/sota/paksoy14.html (3503 words)

	Comparative Index to Islam : JADIDISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Jadidism is a Sunni movement that was an attempt by Central Asian Islamic scholars, 100 years ago, to recreate a revitalized Islam compatible with the modern world.
		It was called "Jadidism," advocating a new ("jadid"), flexible, and dynamic Islam.
		Instead of treating the words of Mohammed as sacred petrified fossils, the Jadidists considered them as guides to the future, asking themselves not what Mohammed said centuries ago in the context of his day, but what he would say now if Allah brought him back to earth today.
	answering-islam.org.uk /Index/J/jadidism.html (121 words)

	Iranica.com - FEUDALISM
		Many Tajik writers adhered to the reform program of Central Asian intellectuals known as Jadidism, which sought to introduce modest innovations in the curriculum of Muslim schools as a way of exposing young people to modern ideas and information.
		Although the majority of Jadids, as the reformers were known, were Pan-Turks, Tajik intellectuals were not deterred from cooperating with them, since a Tajik ethnic or national consciousness was virtually absent at this time.
		In any case, Jadidism was supra-national in character, which was reflected in a strong Pan-Islamic orientation (Radzhabov, pp.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v9f6/v9f611i.html (3124 words)

	About The Nationalism Project
		He has written numerous articles on issues related to nationalism and identity in Russia and Eastern Europe.
		Adeeb Khalid (Associate Professor of History, Carleton College) is author of Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Tsarist Central Asia.
		Lynette Spillman (Associate Professor of Sociology, University of Notre Dame) is author of Nation and Commemoration : Creating National Identities in the United States and Australia.
	www.nationalismproject.org /about.htm (870 words)

	Russia - JRL Research & Analytical Supplement - October 2004
		Although some jadids did concern themselves mainly with religious questions while others focused mostly on secular issues, this was an amicable division of labor and not a sharp dividing line, let alone a confrontation.
		By contrast, jadidism was (inter alia) a movement that expressed the aspirations of an oppressed ethnic and religious community within an autocratic multi-ethnic and multi-confessional empire.
		On the one hand, secular Tatar intellectuals know that jadidism existed: it is evidence in favor of their contention that Islam among the Tatars, now as well as then, is a moderate and civilized "Euroislam" and is not therefore a reason to cast doubt on their cherished status as Europeans.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/8390.cfm (10115 words)

	Carolina Seminar for Comparative Islamic Studies
		Khalid asserts that the Jadid's acceptance of the Russian Revolution is not anomalous when viewed in the context of their historical experiences in Central Asia.
		After July 1918, the leaders of the Jadid joined the Communist party in order to defend Muslims from the European settlers entering Central Asia and to push the modernization of Islamic society.
		The influence of Persian decreased among the Jadid in Central Asia as they looked to the Young Turks as a model for their own movement and emphasized nationalism more.
	www.unc.edu /depts/islamsem/990114.shtml (559 words)

	DVD: The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia (Comparative Studies on Muslim Societies , No 27) ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Jadids, influential Muslim intellectuals, sought to safeguard the indigenous Islamic culture by adapting it to the modern stаtе.
		Through education, literacy, use of the press and by maintaining close ties with Islamic intellectuals from the Ottoman empire to India, the Jadids established a рlасе for their traditions not only within the changing culture of their own land but also within the larger modern Islamic world.
		He shows how Jadid efforts paralleled developments elsewhere in the world and at the same time provides a social history of the Jadid movement.
	www.funnydvdmovies.com /tvr30353230323133353634.html (698 words)

	Week 2 - Russia & the Russians
		Jadidism advocated a modern educational system as a prerequisite for social change.
		The Jadid movement became politicized in 1905, by the time the Tatars became a developed nation with a sophisticated capitalist and industrial experience.
		A resurgence of Islam in the region, particularly the jadid form of enlightened missionary activity that has been very effective.
	www.socsci.uci.edu /istudies/Eurasia/Eurasia_spring06/notes/outlineW2.html (1587 words)

	Sources littéraires et principaux traits distinctifs du djadidisme turkestanais
		Indeed, political ties within the Muslim community were bred and woven in the many charitable institutions which, at the turn of the century, were set afoot in the region so as to found and finance the first reformed mekteb and medresseh on the model of the Tatar ones.
		There is no doubt that authors and actors of Turkestan jadidism happened to notably differ in speech and tactics on several matters, namely on the national problem and the stand to adopt facing the Russian power.
		Nevertheless, literary sources which did not fall under colonial censorship, and could be transmitted, do testify to their attachment to common ideals of modernization and independence.
	monderusse.revues.org /document1075.html (274 words)

	Challenge and Response - Islam
		Wheeler's suggestion that a revival of "Jadidism" holds the answer to defusing the current conflict is of limited value, since it fails to acknowledge the reality of biblical prophecies.
		While you and I burst into uncontrollable tears as we saw on television the collapse of the World Trade Towers, knowing we were witnessing thousands of fellow American lives snuffed out before our eyes, there were people throughout the Middle East laughing and dancing in the streets, celebrating the tragedy.
		Our job is to physically eliminate the advocates of the former, while forcefully encouraging Islam as a whole to embrace the latter.
	www.withchrist.org /envy.htm (1773 words)

	Bagchee.com: The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia: Books: Adeeb Khalid
		The Jadids, a new group of influential Muslim intellectuals, attempted to reconcile Islam wiuth modernity.
		Through education, literacy, and use of the Press, the Jadids sought to safeguard indigenous Islamic culture by adapting it to modern conditions.
		By Maintaining close ties with the rest of the Islamic world, from the Ottoman Empire to India, the Jadids established a place for their traditions, not only within the changing culture of their own land, but within the larger modern Islamic world.
	www.bagchee.com /books.php?id=9680 (462 words)

	Uzbekistan - The Russian Conquest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The only avenue for Uzbek resistance to Russian rule became the Pan-Turkish movement, also known as Jadidism, which had arisen in the 1860s among intellectuals who sought to preserve indigenous Islamic Central Asian culture from Russian encroachment.
		By 1900 Jadidism had developed into the region's first major movement of political resistance.
		Until the Bolshevik Revolution (see Glossary) of 1917, the modern, secular ideas of Jadidism faced resistance from both the Russians and the Uzbek khans, who had differing reasons to fear the movement.
	countrystudies.us /uzbekistan/8.htm (595 words)

	The Muslim East
		Small indigenous elites, influenced by developments in the Ottoman empire as well as among fellow Turkic-speaking Tatars and Azerbaijanis within the Russian Empire, initiated reformist movements around the ideals of pan-Islam and pan-Turkism.
		Jadidism, a secular movement advocating educational and social reform, also emerged among the more radically inclined intelligentsia.
		World War I not only disrupted commercial relations with the rest of the empire leading to dire food shortages in much of Turkestan, but also precipitated a major rebellion among Kazakhs who rose in 1916 against the abolition of their exemption from military service.
	www.soviethistory.org /index.php?action=L2&SubjectID=1921muslim&Year=1921 (562 words)

	The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform : Jadidism in Central Asia (Comparative Studies on Muslim Societies) - Investor ...
		The Jadids, influential Muslim intellectuals, sought to safeguard the indigenous Islamic culture by adapting it to the modern state.
		Through education, literacy, use of the press and by maintaining close ties with Islamic intellectuals from the Ottoman empire to India, the Jadids established a place for their traditions not only within the changing culture of their own land but also within the larger modern Islamic world.
		By including a comparative study of Muslim societies, examining indigenous intellectual life under colonialism, and investigating how knowledge was disseminated in the early modern period, The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform does much to remedy the dearth of scholarship on this important period.
	www.investordictionary.com /store/book/0520213564.aspx (696 words)

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