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	Jaffna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jaffna is considered to be the most literate district in the whole of Sri Lanka that has a very high literacy level to begin with.
		In early days (before 1970s') Sri Lankan universities were dominated by Jaffna students but currently their enrolment is minimized due to the effects of race based quota system introduced in 1970s as well as due to the effects of the civil war.
		In the 13th Century, Jaffna Kingdom was established by Arya Chakaravarthi[1], a chieftain of the South Indian Pandyan Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jaffna (797 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Diocese of Jaffna
		Situated in the northern portion of Ceylon, Jaffna comprises the northern and north-central provinces of the island.
		The fort of Jaffna capitulated to the Dutch in 1658.
		Jaffna convent, conducted by the Sisters of the Holy Family of Bordeaux, follows the same junior and senior courses, for the education of girls, as St. Patrick's.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08269a.htm (804 words)

	City of jaffna
		Jaffna District, the northernmost region of the Island of Sri Lanka, is one of the oldest habitation sites in Lower South Asia, populated by Tamil speaking people.
		Jaffna is situated within ten degrees of latitude to the north of the equator.
		Jaffna is low lying; much of it covered by shallow lagoons, and has a number of interesting islands dotted offshore.
	www.eelavar.com /jaffna (402 words)

	Asia Times: Jaffna fights for economic survival
		Jaffna's economy, once a major contributor to Sri Lanka's gross domestic product (GDP), has been in tatters since Tamil separatist rebels began their campaign nearly two decades ago.
		A sizable portion of Jaffna's population is abroad - up to 30 percent by some estimates - and most of their earnings are sent back to sustain families in the absence of proper jobs and incomes.
		Jaffna is also suffering a brain drain due to the conflict, and losing much of its youth to jobs in Colombo or abroad.
	atimes.com /ind-pak/CG25Df01.html (971 words)

	Jaffna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Jaffna was the third most important settlement of the Dutch in Ceylon, after Colombo and Galle.
		Jaffna has been the centre of Tamil-Hindu culture of Sri Lanka since the third century BC, when the Tamils crossed the ocean from the Coromandel coast of India, which is only some 50 kilometers away at this point.
		Jaffna has been a warzone for most of the time since the early 1970's, and the Fort has been used as a base by both the Sri Lankan military and the LTTE.
	members.lycos.nl /krane/ceylon/ceylonjaffna.htm (320 words)

	Oh Jaffna! My Jaffna! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Geographically this constituted the Jaffna peninsula, outlying islands and the upper portions of the northern mainland known as the Wanni.
		Jaffna in a geographical sense is the peninsula.
		It was the Jaffna Youth Congress again that defied the Union Jack and raised the Nandhi or crouched bull flag of the Jaffna Kingdom in Jaffna.
	www.news.tamilcanadian.com /news/2000/05/20000524_1.shtml (2876 words)

	JAFFNA - LoveToKnow Article on JAFFNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1901 Jaffna had a population of 33,879, while in the district or peninsula of the same name there were 300,851 persons, nearly all Tamils, the only Europeans being the civil servants and a few planters.
		jaffna is the seat of a government agent and district judge, and criminal sessions of the supreme court are regularly held.
		Jaffna, or, as the natives call it, Yalpannan, was occupied by the Tamils about 204 Bc., and there continued to be Tamil rajahs of Jaffna till 1617, when the Portuguese took possession of the place.
	www.1911ency.org /J/JA/JAFFNA.htm (310 words)

	Jaffna
		It is interesting to note that the "limestone and coral architectural tradition of Jaffna in fact started with the Buddhist monuments and flourished for nearly two millennia till the advent of concrete".
		The dark ages of the Jaffna Peninsula may be said to begin soon after the early centuries of the Christian era.
		Jaffna could not cope with new developments such as planned deforestation and construction of dams and reservoirs to serve a hydraulic-based economy as was happening in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.
	www.eelavar.com /jaffna/files/history3x.shtml (923 words)

	Jaffna
		Jaffna is located in the nothern part of the Sri lanka.
		The Jaffna Peninsula and the rest of Sri Lanka's vast Northern Province comprise the country's driest region.
		Jaffna, the center of Sri Lanka's Tamil culture, was the capital of an independent medieval kingdom and later a key colonial outpost for the Portuguese and Dutch.
	www.tamil.net /people/george/jaffna.html (1491 words)

	Asia Times: Jaffna: Have war, can't travel
		JAFFNA - Armed soldiers and police patrol the streets of this war-torn city in northern Sri Lanka, checking the identities of children and older residents after threats by university students to disrupt schools.
		Apart from this disruption, Jaffna, battered by an 18-year-old war, is limping back to normal ever since government forces took control in early 1996.
		Jaffna, unlike the rest of the country, is backward in many ways.
	atimes.com /ind-pak/CG19Df03.html (1176 words)

	THE SO-CALLED TAMIL KINGDOM OF JAFFNA: by Prof. S.Ranwella
		It was at the ancient port of Jambukola, the present Sambiliturai, in the Jaffna peninsula that the envoys of king Devanampiya Tissa (250-210) embarked when leaving Ceylon on their mission to the court of Asoka (273-236).
		King Senarat is referred to as the Emperor of Sri Lanka, The king of Kandy, Sitavaka, Trincomalee, and Jaffna etc., in the preamble of this proclamation.
		Even during the time when the Jaffna peninsula was under the Portugese and the Dutch, the Sinhala kings of Kotte and Kandy continued to make their claim to the overlordship of that region, when the British occupied the maritime provinces including the Jaffna peninsula.
	www.infolanka.com /org/srilanka/hist/hist4.html (2698 words)

	Jaffna. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Jaffna suffered under the Portuguese and Dutch occupations of the 17th–18th cent.
		135,000), on the southwestern portion of the peninsula, on Jaffna Lagoon, is a regional trade center with a small port.
		The center of an independent kingdom from the 13th to the 15th cent., Jaffna was occupied by the Portuguese (1617–1658) and the Dutch (1658–1795) until the British conquest.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ja/Jaffna.html (288 words)

	The Rediff On The NeT Special: Saisuresh Sivaswamy on Jaffna, a city waiting for deliverance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For long the symbol of Tamil resistance on the peninsula, Jaffna's capture by the Sri Lankan army, after years of desperate struggle, in April 1996, was the turning point in the island-nation's history.
		Jaffna University, which has the distinction of not shutting down for a day, even at the height of the war for the city, today is a picture of calm, and near-normalcy.
		The people of Jaffna are conditioned to privations by now, he argues, having faced the worst of both situations.
	www.rediff.com /news/1998/aug/07sai.htm (1800 words)

	Welcome to UTHRJ, Sri Lanka : Bulletin No.8
		When questioned later by Jaffna Hospital authorites,a key LTTE leader said that whoever announced had not said that it was the LTTE, but stated that those staying may not be able to leave as the periphery of the ICRC zone would be mined by them, in the event of either party breaking the "agreement".
		The ten killed on the 26th were sheltering in a coconut estate in Ariyalai, in the eastern extremity of Jaffna town, 5 miles from the combat zone.
		Following the LTTE attack on the petroleum installation,apparently citing a shortage of fuel, the Government Agent/ Jaffna was asked to leave behind a part of the kerosene purchased and taken to Trincomalee for shipment to Jaffna.
	www.uthr.org /bulletins/bul8.htm (2654 words)

	Inside Jaffna, Sri Lanka's sad war goes on, and on
		Jaffna, a ghost city for months, is coming back to life.
		Low-level approaches such as this are meant to evade the ground-to-air missiles the Tigers have put to terrifying use in the past.
		A sense of the old grandeur can still be felt at Jaffna University, which remained open throughout the years that the Tigers ran a rebel enclave here.
	www.gluckman.com /Jaffna.html (971 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| South Asia \| Jaffna looks to future
		Jaffna still looks like a garrison town with soldiers in olive-green sandbag bunkers and whizzing past in Toyota pick-ups, trucks, motorcycles and trishaws.
		But Jaffna is clearly coming out of the shadow of the war.
		Half of Jaffna's pre-war population of one million fled the country during the conflict.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/south_asia/3622031.stm (1058 words)

	HIMAL SOUTH ASIAN \| February 2003 \| Report \| Dateline Jaffna
		The Jaffna Teaching Hospital for the first time in 10 years has incubators, a windfall born of the peace talks when, in March 2002, the US government donated three incubators, neonatal resuscitators, electronic patient monitors, a diathermy machine and an operating theatre lamp.
		For the 90 percent of Jaffna’s population displaced from homes and eking out survival in hundreds of camps around the peninsula, the developments of the last year mean one thing – that they will be able to go back to their towns and make homes again.
		The reverend, highly influential in Jaffna and a well-known sympathiser of the LTTE cause, is a trusted confidante of the minister of rehabilitation and refugees, Dr Jayalath Jayawardena, the foremost peace advocate in the Ranil Wickremesinghe government.
	www.himalmag.com /2003/february/report_1.htm (3480 words)

	Jaffna - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		JAFFNA [Jaffna], peninsula, northernmost part of Sri Lanka, separated from India by Palk Strait.
		Jaffna suffered under the Portuguese and Dutch occupations of the 17th-18th cent.
		The center of an independent kingdom from the 13th to the 15th cent., Jaffna was occupied by the Portuguese (1617-1658) and the Dutch (1658-1795) until the British conquest.
	www.highbeam.com /doc/1E1:Jaffna/Jaffna.html?refid=ip_hf (261 words)

	Jaffna: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Jaffna is a city in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka[For more info, click on this link].
		The exodus of Tamils from Jaffna has occurred primarily due to the Sri Lankan government's recent military control over the city.
		In the 13th Century there was a Kingdom in Jaffna established by Arya Chakravartis, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/ja/jaffna.htm (392 words)

	Jaffna
		The speedy repair of seventeen rural water supply schemes in the Jaffna peninsula will provide approximately 100,000 returnees who abandoned their homes in the rural areas with access to clean and safe water.
		With the re-establishment of civil administration in the Northern Peninsula, it was considered an appropriate time to commence reconstruction and rehabilitation of the war damaged areas.
		RRAN is in the process of finalizing a comprehensive plan for the rehabilitation of Jaffna which will be published aprox.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Aegean/9185/ActionApril.htm (787 words)

	University Teachers for Human Rights (Jaffna Branch)
		On the one hand, the criticism has been made that the writers of the reports are no longer attached to the Jaffna University and that their continued use of the description UTHR (Jaffna Branch) is not only misleading but is also an attempt to give the reports a legitimacy and 'status' that they lack.
		The chairman of the council in Jaffna maintained that the dismissal was wrong, and had indeed reminded the council that one of the two had to flee Jaffna(he had narrowly escaped arrest by the LTTE and had first to go underground).
		The Jaffna University Teachers Association and the Vice Chancellors, both Professors Thurairajah and Kunaratnam, of the Jaffna University have repeatedly written to the press and to the international human rights organizations indicating that UTHR is not affiliated to the Jaffna University and its source of information is a suspect.
	www.tamilnation.org /humanrights/uthr (6918 words)

	Remembering the Jaffna Public Library in 2001
		These two Sinhala Cabinet Ministers, who watched the library burn from the verandah of the nearby Jaffna Rest House, subsequently claimed that it was an ‘unfortunate incident’, where a ‘few’ policemen ‘got drunk’ and went on a ‘looting spree’, all on their own.
		The Jaffna library was an institution built lovingly by the citizens of Jaffna and well-wishers, with no government assistance whatsoever.
		A master plan was drawn and the front wing was to be built as stage one and the rear wing to be built later as stage two.
	www.sangam.org /ANALYSIS/Library_6_01.htm (1908 words)

	Jaffna Youth Radicalism - the 1920s and 30s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nationalism in Asia and Africa from the last quarter of the nineteenth century until the third quarter of the twentieth century culminating with the liberation and unification of Vietnam in 1975 was primarily anti-imperial.
		The Jaffna Students’; Congress founded in 1924, later renamed the Jaffna Youth Congress, belongs to this long anti-imperialist tradition in Afro-Asia.
		Out of the JYC came a whole generation of eminent teachers, principals and administrators of schools that made it possible for Jaffna to enjoy a pre-eminent position in the sphere of education.
	www.icescolombo.org /events/Conf/stn2004/conf_papers/paper04.htm (337 words)

	Sri Lanka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Several times, South Indian kings were expelled from the island by Sinhalese rulers from the South; the most famous story is that of the victory of the Sinhalese prince Dutugemunu over the Tamil king Elara of Anuradhapura in 161 B.C.E. Over the centuries, several Sinhalese kingdoms with different capitals existed, often simultaneously.
		At that point the island consisted of three autonomous kingdoms, namely Yarlpanam (Anglicised Jaffna) in the north, Kandy in the central hills and Kotte at the Western coast.
		Trinity College, Kandy, Royal College, Colombo, University of Colombo, University of Kelaniya, University of Sri Jayawardhenapura, University of Moratuwa, University of Jaffna, University of Peradeniya, University of Ruhuna, Eastern University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka Scout Association.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sri_Lanka (4442 words)

	University of Jaffna Home Page
		The University of Jaffna was first established in 1974, as the Jaffna Campus of the University of Sri Lanka, offering courses in science and humanities.
		Mohanadas served as the Registrar of the Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna.
		If you were a student/ staff of the University of Jaffna, and would like to register your name and details, please send an Email with details.
	jaffna.tripod.com (292 words)

	BBC News \| SOUTH ASIA \| Tigers 'shell' Jaffna
		The statement comes two days after the Tigers said they were preparing for a final push against Jaffna after their recent sweep through the peninsula in the north of the island on which the town stands.
		It is not possible to confirm details of events in Jaffna as no journalists are allowed to travel to the area.
		Our correspondent in the capital, Colombo, says Jaffna residents have reported hearing shelling and shooting but say it is unclear who is responsible for it and what effect it has had.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/south_asia/747942.stm (559 words)

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