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Topic: Jagiellons

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	Jagiellon dynasty Information
		The Jagiellons (Jogailos, in original Lithuanian) were a royal dynasty originating in Lithuania that reigned in some Central European countries (present day Lithuania, Belarusia, Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, Kaliningrad, parts of Russia, Hungary) between the 14th and 16th century.
		Jagiellons were hereditary rulers of Poland and Lithuania.
		Catherine Jagiellon, wife of John III of Sweden, was 11 years older than her husband, having remained unmarried into her thirties.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Jagiellon_dynasty (1071 words)

	Jagiellon dynasty
		The Jagiellon dynasty (sometimes Jagiellonian, Jagiello or Jogailos) ruled as grand dukes of Lithuania from 1377 and as kings of Poland from 1386 until the death (1572) of the last male heir, Sigismund Augustus.
		Jagiełło (originally Jogaila sometimes Jagiellon), Grand Duke of Lithuania and the founder of the dynasty, became king of Poland as Ladislaus II after converting to Christianity and marrying Jadwiga, second of Poland's Angevin rulers.
		Sigismund's heir was his sister, Catherine Jagiellonica, who married John III Vasa of Sweden; as a result, the main branch of the Jagiellons merged with the House of Vasa, which ruled Poland from 1587 until 1668.
	starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/j/ja/jagiellon_dynasty.html (256 words)

	Jagiellon dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty which reigned in some Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century.
		In Polish, the dynasty is known as Jagiellonowie (singular: Jagiellon); in Lithuanian it is called Jogailaičiai (sing.: Jogailaitis), in Belarusian Ягайлавічы (Jagajłavičy, sing.: Ягайлавіч, Jagajłavič), in Hungarian Jagellók (sing.: Jagelló), and in Czech Jagellonci (sing.: Jagellonec; adjective: Jagellonský).
		At the end of the 15th century, the Jagiellons reigned over vast territories stretching from the Baltic to the Black to the Adriatic Sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jagiellon_dynasty (407 words)

	History of Poland (1385-1569) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Jagiellon Era 1385-1569, was dominated by the union of Poland with Lithuania under the Jagiellon Dynasty, founded by the Lithuanian grand duke Jagiello.
		By the end of the fifteenth century, representatives of the Jagiellons reigned in Bohemia and Hungary as well as Poland-Lithuania, establishing the government of their clan over virtually all of Eastern Europe and Central Europe.
		In fact, Jagiellons had to give priviliges to the nobles to encourage them to elect their sons to be the successors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jagiellon_Poland (1734 words)

	jagiello (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		While the Jagiellons were hereditary rulers of Lithuania, in Poland the king was elected.
		So while Poland's nobles (the Szlachta) always elected a Jagiellon to preserve the Polish-Lithuanian alliance, the kings usually had to grant some new privileges to be elected.
		Sigismund's heir was his sister, Catherine, who married John III Vasa of Sweden; as a result, the main branch of the Jagiellons merged with the House of Vasa, which ruled Poland from 1587 until 1668.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Jagiello.html (280 words)

	Dynastic Relations of the Sovereign Houses of Habsburg and Jagiellon
		In Lithuanian historiography this house is known as Gediminaiciai that is the descendants of Gediminas (c.1275-1341), grandfather of Jagiello and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1316-1341).
		Vladislaus Jagiellon, Czech and Hungarian King, eldest son of Casimir and Elizabeth was married three times: firstly, to Barbara, daughter of Markgraf of Brandenburg; secondly, to Beatrice, daughter of the King of Naples; and thirdly, to Anne, daughter of the Duke de Foix et Candale.
		After the extinction of the Jagiellons, Habsburg princesses continued marrying Polish kings and grand dukes of Lithuania of the Vasa dynasty that ruled the Polish-Lithuanian Republic (Rzeczpospolita Polski i Litwy) for some 100 years.
	users.panola.com /AAGHS/ARTICLES/HABSBURG.html (1989 words)

	Poland
		By the end of the fifteenth century, representatives of the Jagiellons reigned in Bohemia and Hungary as well as PolandLithuania, establishing the government of their clan over virtually all of Eastern Europe and Central Europe.
		The nobility also possessed the crucial right to elect the monarch, although the Jagiellons were in practice a hereditary ruling house in all but the formal sense.
		The prestige of the Jagiellons and the certainty of their succession supplied an element of cohesion that tempered the disruptive forces built into the state system.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/poland/all.html (17850 words)

	Jagiellon - Information at Halfvalue.com
		The Jagiellons (Lithuanian: JogailaiÄiai, Polish: Jagiellonowie) were a royal dynasty originating in Lithuania that reigned in some Central European countries (present day Lithuania, Belarusia, Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, Kaliningrad, parts of Russia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia) between the 14th and 16th century.
		In Polish, the dynasty is known as Jagiellonowie (singular: Jagiellon, adjective, used of dynasty members, also patronimical form: JagielloÅczyk); in Lithuanian it is called JogailaiÄiai (sing.: Jogailaitis), in Belarusian Ð¯Ð³Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð°Ð²Ñ—ÑÑ (JagajÅaviÄy, sing.: Ð¯Ð³Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð°Ð²Ñ—Ñ, JagajÅaviÄ), in Hungarian JagellÃ³k (sing.: JagellÃ³), and in Czech Jagellonci (sing.: Jagellonec; adjective: JagellonskÃ½), as well as Jagello or Jagellon (fem.
		The dynastic union between the two countries (converted into a full administrative union only in 1569) is the reason for the common appellation "Polandâ“Lithuania" in discussions about the area from the Late Middle Ages onwards.
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Jagiellon (1154 words)

	Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The creation of the Commonwealth at the Union of Lublin in 1569 was one biggest achievments of Sigismund II Augustus, last king of the Jagiellon dynasty.
		Sigismund II death in 1572 was followed by a three-year interregnum period during which adjustments were made to the constitutional system, increasing the power of nobility and making the monarchy electoral in fact as well as name.
		Once the Jagiellons disappeared from the scene, the fragile equilibrium of the Commonwealth government began to go awry.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth (2417 words)

	Jagiellon Poland
		The Jagiellon Era 1385-1572, was dominated by the union of Poland with Lithuania under the Jagiellon Dynasty, founded by the Lithuanian grand duke Jagiello.
		By the end of the fifteenth century, representatives of the Jagiellons reigned in Bohemia and Hungary as well as Poland-Lithuania, establishing the government of their clan over virtually all of Eastern Europe and Central Europe.
		The Teutonic Knights had been reduced to vassalage, and despite the now persistent threats posed by the Turks and an emerging Russian colossus, Poland-Lithuania managed to defend its status as one of the largest and most prominent states of Europe.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/j/ja/jagiellon_poland.html (1621 words)

	Jagiellon dynasty - TheBestLinks.com - Jagiellonian, Alexander of Poland, Bohemia, Christianity, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Jagiellon dynasty - TheBestLinks.com - Jagiellonian, Alexander of Poland, Bohemia, Christianity,...
		Jagiellonian, Jagiellon dynasty, Alexander of Poland, Bohemia, Christianity...
		The Jagiellon dynasty (sometimes Jagiellonian, Jagiello or Jogailos) were titled grand dukes of Lithuania from 1377 and as kings of Poland from 1386 until the death (1572) of the last male heir, Sigismund Augustus.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Jagiellonian.html (353 words)

	Jagiellon Poland
		The Jagiellon Era 1385-1569, was dominated by the union of Poland with Lithuania under the Jagiellon Dynasty, founded by the Lithuanian grand duke Jogaila.
		King Alexander Jagiellon was forced to agree to this settlement.
		In fact, Jagiellons had to give privileges to the nobles to encourage them to elect their sons to be the successors.
	jagiellon-poland.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Jagiellon_Poland (1944 words)

	Wawel - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The so-called Sigismund's Chapel (Kaplica Zygmuntowska in Polish) is one of the most notable pieces of architecture in Kraków.
		Built as a tomb chapel of the last Jagiellons, it was hailed by many historians of art as the most beautiful example of
		Financed by king Sigismund I of Poland, the chapel was built between 1519 and 1533 by
	www.world-knowledge-encyclopedia.com /?t=Wawel (411 words)

	Spotlight on Nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Kingdom of The Jagiellons is a huge, safe nation, renowned for its barren, inhospitable landscape.
		Its hard-nosed, hard-working, cynical population of 908 million are kept under strict control by the oppressive government, which measures its success by the nation's GDP and refers to individual citizens as "human resources."
		The Jagiellons is ranked 82nd in the region and 5,570th in the world for Largest Agricultural Sector.
	www.nationstates.net /-1/page=display_nation/nation=the_jagiellons (211 words)

	Polish History - Part 4
		The successful development of Poland in the 15th century, military victories, development of the economy and culture, strengthened the dynasty of the Jagiellons.
		Following the short-lived dynastic union of Poland and Hungary (1440-1444), Casimir the Jagiellon's son, Ladislaus, sat on the Czech throne in 1471 and on the Hungarian in 1490.
		So, at the turn of 16th century, Poland and Lithuania, as well as Bohemia and Hungary, were under the rule of the two lines of the Jagiellonian dynasty.
	www.poloniatoday.com /history4.htm (1589 words)

	Chapter Summary
		Territorially distinct but united to Poland-Lithuania through a single dynasty, the Jagiellons, were Hungary and Bohemia.
		The accession of the Jagiellons was accomplished through concessions to local aristocracies, not through conquest.
		The Habsburgs also challenged the Jagiellons for supremacy in the region.
	wps.ablongman.com /long_kishlansky_bhwc_4/0,9294,1412665-content,00.html (2590 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The hill has long had a religious function; some of the oldest extant architectural remains are those of the Rotunda of the Virgin Mary, which may be visited today in a tour that takes the visitors into the walls and foundations of the present-day buildings.
		Built as a tomb chapel of the last Jagiellons, it was hailed by many historians of art as the most beautiful example of Toscan renaissance north of the Alps.
		Financed by king Sigismund I of Poland, the chapel was built between 1519 and 1533 by Bartolomeo Berrecci.
	www.everybase.com /Wawel (905 words)

	Wojciech Kriegseisen
		The features ascribed by the treatise’s author to members of the Jagiellonian dynasty include accessibility, generosity, royal majesty, piety, concern for upbringing the offspring, moderation in food and drink, and equanimity.
		An attempted assessment of the reliability of those opinions involved appraising the credibility of the presumed author and a confrontation of the exemplification stratum of the work with its didactic counterpart and non–source knowledge.
		The drawn conclusions made it possible to assume that the image of the Jagiellons depicted in the treatise is deformed due to its incomplete character, while those traits which it contains were determined by historical reality.
	www.semper.pl /kh/2_05str.htm (975 words)

	Warsaw Confederation - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In that sense, it may be considered either the peak of Polish tolerance, or as the beginning of it.
		After the childless death of the last king from the dynasty of Jagiellons, Polish nobles gathered in Warsaw and signed a document, in which representatives of each major religion promised each other support and tolerance.
		This act is remarkable, in that it wasn't imposed by a government or as a result of war, but rather as a result of good will between members of society.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Warsaw_Confederation (238 words)

	ipedia.com: Warsaw Confederation Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In that sense, it may be considered either the peak of Polish tolerance, or as the beginning of it.
		After the childless death of the last king from the dynasty of Jagiellons, Polish nobles gathered in Warsaw and signed a document, in which representatives of each major religion promised each other support and tolerance.
		This act is remarkable, in that it wasn't imposed by a government or as a result of war, but rather as a result of good will between members of society.
	www.ipedia.com /warsaw_confederation.html (289 words)

	> Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth abcworld.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The creation of the Commonwealth by the Union of Lublin in 1569 was one of the signal achievements of Sigismund II Augustus, last king of the Jagiellon dynasty.
		His death in 1572 was followed by a three-year interregnum during which adjustments were made to the constitutional system that effectively increased the power of the nobility (the szlachta) and established a truly elective monarchy.
		Once the Jagiellons had disappeared from the scene in 1572, the fragile equilibrium of the Commonwealth's government began to shake.
	www.abcworld.net /Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth.html (4866 words)

	Biterman Family of Hrubieszow, Poland
		I am not sure where Biterman ancestors were from the late 1400s to the mid-1500s, but oral tradition tells that Biterman ancestors settled in Hrubieszow, Poland in the mid-1500s.
		During the Jagiellon Era (1385-1572) Poland became the home to Europe's largest Jewish population.
		The 16th and the first half of the 17th century saw increased settlement and a relatively fast rate of natural population growth among Polish Jews.
	chelm.freeyellow.com /biterman.html (1098 words)

	Polish Culture Website - History of Poland in brief - Jagiellons and Electors
		After a relatively short period of the last two Piasts, a new dynasty inherited the throne of Poland - the Jagiellons.
		After the death of the last Jagiellon, Sigismund II August, there was no son of his to inherit the throne.
		It became necessary to elect the king, in which all noblemen were allowed to participate; nowhere else in Europe could one see such procedures at the time.
	www.polishculture.co.uk /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=236&Itemid=34 (1037 words)

	Medical University of Gdansk - English Division
		The introduction of Christianity in AD 996 and the coronation of the first Polish king, Bolesław Chrobry in 1025, laid the foundation for an independent state.
		Poland was consecutively ruled by two big dynasties, the Piasts and the Jagiellons, and its territory expanded to the east and south.
		However, frequent involvement in international conflicts with its neigh-bours, the Teutonic Knights, Turkey, Sweden, Russia, and Prussia, led in the 18th century, to the country's complete disappearance from the map of Europe for 123 years, following three consecutive partitions of Poland by Russia, Prussia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
	www.ed.amg.gda.pl /our_country/1/index.html (541 words)

	NATURAL RESOURCES
		In the Middle Ages mining rock salt in Bochnia and Wieliczka near Cracow was an important industry.
		The mines were royal property and under the Piasts and Jagiellons provided one-third of the state's income.
		Salt money was spent on maintaining the royal court, castles that protected trade routes, the army and the Cracow Academy (today's Jagiellonian University) founded in 1364 by King Casimir the Great.
	travel.poland.com /texts/en/t-ap-3-4.php (3382 words)

	Casimir IV -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In fact, this first connection between the Habsburgs and the Jagiellons was a happy one; because of her six sons and seven daughters (born between 1456 and 1483), Elizabeth was called the “mother of Jagiellons.” Casimir did everything he could to provide his children with advantageous marriages.
		In this he was more than successful: his eldest son, Wladyslaw, became king of Bohemia (1471) and of Hungary (1490); three others were his successors on the thrones of Lithuania and Poland; one became an archbishop and, later, a cardinal.
		He also helped perpetuate the reign of the Jagiellon dynasty, one of the most...
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9020624 (1684 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Crowns in different cultures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the medieval Hungary the king must be crowned with the Holy Crown, by the archbishop of Esztergom and in the Székesfehérvár cathedral.
		In Poland after death of Jagiellons Habsburgs also tried to get polish crown but failed.
		Altough they had many supporters and there was a big risk of civil war, everything ended well.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=2638&get=last (676 words)

	Maximilian I Biography - Biography.com
		His marriage to Mary of Burgundy brought his family the Burgundian inheritance, including Holland, followed by union with the Spanish kingdoms of Castile and Aragón when the Spanish crown passed to his grandson, Charles (1516).
		A double marriage treaty between the Habsburgs and the Jagiellons (1506) eventually brought the union of Austria–Bohemia–Hungary (1526).
		He was involved in conflict with the Flemish, the Swiss, the German princes, and especially with the Valois kings of France.
	www.biography.com /search/article.jsp?aid=9403379 (219 words)

	Ruling Dynasties Of Europe - History Forum
		I only had 10 spots in the poll so I had to leave out several families.
		The Byzantines under the Basil II held almost the whole Balkan Peninsula.
		Jagiellons was ruling the biggest lands in europe for over 200 years...amlost all east europe except russia and south balkans was in their domains...
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?act=findpost&pid=31014 (759 words)

	JAGIELLONIANS Articles The Jagiellons (Jogailaiciai, in or
		The Jagiellons (Jogailaiciai, in original Lithuanian) were a royal dynasty originating in Lithuania that reigned in some Central European countries (present day Lithuania, Belarusia, Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, Kaliningrad, parts of Russia, Hungary) between the 14th and 16th century.
		The name (other variations used in English include: Jagiellonians, Jagiellos, Jogailos) comes from Jogaila (Polish Jagiello), the first Polish king of that dynasty.
		In Polish, the dynasty is known as Jagiellonowie (singular: Jagiellon, adjective, used of dynasty members, also patronimical form: Jagiellonczyk); in Lithuanian it is called Jogailaiciai (sing.: Jogailaitis), in Belarusian ??????????
	www.amazines.com /Jagiellonians_related.html (508 words)

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