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Topic: Jakob Ammann

	Jacob Amman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jacob Amman (Jakob Ammann), (1644?-before 1730) was an Anabaptist leader and namesake of the Amish religious movement.
		Ammann's date of death is also unknown, though records indicate it occurred after 1708 and before 1730.
		In 1693, Jakob Ammann took issue with Swiss Mennonite leaders Hans Reist and Benedict Schneider over what he saw as a lack of overall discipline in the Mennonite congregations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jacob_Amman (526 words)

	Ammann, Jakob
		The Mennonite elder, Jakob Ammann, was a native of Erlenbach in the Simme Valley south of Thun, canton of Bern, Switzerland.
		Jakob Ammann was resident in the region of Ste.
		Ammann also held strict views on other points, such as the wearing of the untrimmed beard, uniformity in dress, including style of hats, garments, shoes and stockings, and prohibition of attendance at services of the state church.
	www.gameo.org /encyclopedia/contents/A463ME.html (746 words)

	Wikipedia: Jacob Amman
		Jacob Amman (Jakob Ammann) was born circa 1644 in Erlenbach im Simmental, Switzerland, but later moved to Alsace as part of a wave of Anabaptist emigration from out of the Canton of Berne.
		Some believe he is the Jakob Ammann who was born on Feb. 12, 1644, to Michael and Anna Rupp Ammann of Erlenbach.
		In 1693, Jakob Ammann took issue from out of Alsace with Swiss Mennonite leaders Hans Reist and Benedict Schneider in regards to what he saw as a lack of overall discipline in the Mennonite congregations.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/j/ja/jacob_amman.html (402 words)

	Recognized HTML document
		Ammann also favored holding communion twice a year, rather than annually, and later he also introduced the ordinance of footwashing.
		Ammann's contentions for uniformity in dress (including style of hat, clothing for the body, shoes, and stockings) and his protest against trimming the beard and attending state churches are in the record but they too were not the major dividing factor.
		Accordingly, he took Uli Ammann, Christian Blank, and Niklaus Augspurger with him on a tour of the churches in Switzerland in order to learn where the leaders of the congregations stood on the shunning or Meidung issue.
	www.mcusa-archives.org /library/omh/omh1.1/1.1_0017.htm (418 words)

	Leonard Gross Background Dynamics of Amish Movement
		Jakob Ammann, namely, betrays a very different spirit and substance from that of the traditional Swiss Brethren as regards the role of the congregation in churchly disputes.
		Jakob's "Warning Message" is also instructive on this point: "Together with ministers and bishops, I, Jakob Ammann, am sending this writing to everyone who is not already expelled by judgment and counsel, both men and women, ministers and lay members, to inform you that you shall appear before us.
		Uli Ammann attempts to define the nature of a workable, two-way interplay between the congregation and its leadership, where unity is achieved through a set of checks and balances which functions on several levels at the same time, resulting in a dynamic of mutuality which includes every church member.
	www.goshen.edu /~lonhs/GCPUBLICATIONS/GROSS.html (5531 words)

	Recognized HTML document
		Seven of the followers of Ammann met around noontime of the same day and near the same place and forbade that their opponents be told about the meeting.
		Jakob Ammann was soon to learn that his actions did not meet with everyone's approval.
		Ammann continued to "purge" the church and even issued a letter asking all church members to say that they accepted his views on the three controversial issues or to prove that he was wrong.
	www.mcusa-archives.org /library/omh/omh1.1/1.1_0018.htm (408 words)

	Plainview Church - The Amish Division of 1693
		Jakob Ammann and his followers were from a much younger community and therefore were trying to live literally what they understood the Bible to teach.
		Ammann's group saw themselves as a renewal movement, simply trying to recover a religious principle that was in danger of being lost.
		Jakob said he had no desire to have anything to do with him, and in fact said, if he had one hair on his head that would desire it, he would pull it out.
	www.plainviewchurch.com /sermons/orville050410n.htm (2931 words)

	Amish
		The Amish church, a branch of the Mennonites, is a Protestant religious group descended from the 16th-century Anabaptists.
		The Amish take their name from Jacob Ammann, a Swiss Mennonite bishop who in 1693 broke away from the main body of Mennonites, feeling that they had strayed from the strict austerity of their forebears.
		Ammann's followers began emigrating to Pennsylvania from Switzerland and Germany about 1710, and by 1787 had established 70 congregations there.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txn/amish.htm (679 words)

	Jacob Amman
		Jacob Amman (Jakob Ammann) was born in 1644(?) in Erlenbach im Simmental[?], Switzerland, but later moved to Alsace as part of a wave of Anabaptist emigration from out of the Canton of Berne.
		In 1693, Jakob Ammann took issue from out of Alsace with Swiss Mennonite leader Hans Reist[?] in regards to what he saw as a lack of overall discipline in the Mennonite congregations.
		In 1693 disagreements over the implimentation of the ban would come to a head between Has Reist and Jakob Ammann and this would result in the Jakob Ammann faction splitting from the Mennonites.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ja/Jakob_Ammann.html (173 words)

	The Zeisset Family in Germany, by Loretta M. Hoerman
		Jakob Zeisset (1764-1813), son of Abraham (the elder) was born at Rauhof in 1764, moved to Lautenbach in 1773 and married Magdalena Plätscher of Meckesheim in 1785.
		Jakob was the oldest son and married Johanna Epp.
		Jakob Zeisset was born in Lautenbach to Johannes Zeisset and Christina Baer in 1816.
	home.earthlink.net /~zeissetgenealogy/ZeissetFamilyinGermany/index.html (7507 words)

	Furner, April 00
		It ordered the clergyman to show zeal in persuading Ammann to recant; if he would not recant, then he was to be taken to the borders and exiled.
		Ammann's property should be inventoried and a division made according to mandate.
		For example, David Ammann was one of the councillors indirectly involved with Anabaptist issues in the late seventeenth century, especially the interrogation of Urs Baumgartner, an Anabaptist possibly related to Ulrich B. of Dürsrüti in the Emmental.
	www.goshen.edu /mqr/pastissues/apr00furneramman.html (1237 words)

	Truth About Trade & Technology - Amish Farmers Grow Biotech Tobacco, Potatoes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Klaus Ammann, a field botanist and director of the Botanical Garden at the University of Bern and who spoke at the Biotechnology Industry Organization annual conference in June 2003, has firsthand knowledge of some Amish farmers' willingness to adopt technology.
		Ammanns family is also related to Jakob Ammann, the founder of the Amish sect that began in Switzerland in the 17th century.
		Ammann confirms that the Amish are very curious about other technologies that might help them preserve their farming way of life.
	www.truthabouttrade.org /article.asp?id=926 (1106 words)

	An Amish Introduction
		The first Amish, so named for Jakob Ammann, arrived in Lancaster County and nearby Berks and Chester counties in the early 1700s to take part in William Penn’s "Holy Experiment" of religious freedom.
		It was in the late 1600s that Ammann broke away to form a group that more strictly adhered to the founding beliefs and practices of the first Anabaptists.
		The differences between the various Amish, Mennonite, and Brethren groups are their interpretations of the Bible, their uses of modern technologies such as automobiles and electricity, the values they place on education, their uses of English, and their degrees of interaction with outsiders.
	www.amishnews.com /amisharticles/amishintro.htm (439 words)

	The Galileo Project
		Around 1527 he came to stay at the house of Johann Jakob Ammann, Chorherr of the Stift.
		One of his earliest patrons was Johann Jakob Ammann, a teacher of Gesner's at the Carolinum with whom he lived for a few years.
		Made famous by his pioneering bibliography, Bibliotheca universalis, Gesner was sought by the Catholic Count Johann Jakob Fugger in Augsburg (1545) to be a teacher to his sons and grandsons and to help set up his library.
	galileo.rice.edu /Catalog/NewFiles/gesner.html (1092 words)

	Amish Beginnings
		In the late 1600s, controversy began to swirl around the activities and teachings of a reform-minded Anabaptist elder, Jakob Ammann.
		Most important, Ammann taught that when wayward members were excommunicated, other members should shun them in daily life as well.
		This social avoidance, earlier practiced by some Dutch Anabaptists, emphasized the purity of the church and the seriousness of sin, and it also encouraged excommunicated members to repent and return to the church.
	www.lancasterbarns.com /acatalog/Amish_Beginnings.html (718 words)

	The Amish - 4Forums.com
		Around 1693, a parishioner named Jakob Ammann began to petition the church to follow more closely many of the biblical traditions, such as clothing, footwashing, and especially "Meidung", translated to mean excommunicating family members who do not closely adhere to church teachings.
		Ammann, now an old man, had one more card up his sleeve: his followers were to shun all modernity invented in the 18th century.
		But the generation who followed Ammann failed in their responsibilities, as I see it, and blindly accepted his pronouncements much to the detriment of future generations.
	www.4forums.com /political/showthread.php?t=2530 (2054 words)

	Wired 7.01: Look Who's Talking
		It was the widespread adoption of Anabaptist practices that eventually produced enough food to free other agricultural laborers, creating the workforce that would be needed for the industrial revolution.
		Toward the end of the 17th century, one of the Anabaptist leaders, Jakob Ammann, decided that his Swiss brethren had not been radical enough.
		Ammann and his followers, who came to be known as "Amish," broke with traditional Anabaptists, moved to the New World, and started farming in Lancaster County in 1710.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/7.01/amish.html?pg=3&topic=&topic_set= (791 words)

	Amish Acres Historic Farm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		With their original leadership martyred, many of the Anabaptists, united by the writings of Menno Simons, came to be known as Mennonites.
		In 1693 Bishop Jakob Ammann, born in Switzerland, removed to Alcace, now southern France, called for shunning, or total avoidance, to maintain purity among the Brethren.
		Ammann demanded a strict dress code of those who followed him.
	www.amishacres.com /aa_miscellanous/script_translation.htm (1966 words)

	Versus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Due to internal disagreements over exactly how the church should treat its members, the followers of Jakob Ammann, who advocated strict piety and excommunication of those who disobeyed Amish law, became known as the "Amish," whereas most of the Swiss Anabaptists with which Ammann disagreed became known as "Mennonites" after Menno Simons, an Anabaptist teacher.
		The Amish today are the descendents of Ammann's followers who eventually immigrated to the Lancaster County area of Pennsylvania in the early 1700s.
		As of January 2000, there were almost 50,000 Amish living in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania alone, and the total number of Amish who live in the U.S. is estimated to be around 180,000.
	www.versusmag.org /media/paper584/news/2004/01/14/Features/A.Journey.Into.Amish.Country-579940.shtml?norewrite200603242008&sourcedomain=www.versusmag.org (344 words)

	Excommunication - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There was originally no inherent expectation to shun (completely sever all ties with) an excluded member, however differences regarding this very issue led to early schisms between different Anabaptist leaders and those who followed them.
		Jakob Ammann, founder of the Amish sect, believed that the shunning of those under the Bann should be systematically practiced among the Swiss Anabaptists as it was in the north and as was outlined in the Dordrecht Confession.
		Ammann's uncompromising zeal regarding this practice was one of the main disputes that led to the schism between the Anabaptist groups that became the Amish and those that eventually would be called Mennonite.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Excommunication (4250 words)

	A Never-ending Adventure - Richard K. McMaster
		Persecuted Swiss Anabaptists fled to remote upland farms high in the Alps or sought refuge in war-devastated and depopulated regions like Alsace, abandoning their homes in the richer valleys of Bern and Zurich.
		Toward the end of the seventeenth century, Jakob Ammann urged these refugee congregations to be sticter in church discipline and more consciously separate from their neighbors.
		The Anabaptists who agreed with Ammann about the need for discipline became known as the Ammannsch or Amish people.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1990/august/Sa17034.htm (305 words)

	Michael D. Daniels Homepage
		Because of this compromise of the reformers, there arose in the 1500's groups of sincere Christians who rejected the idea of mere reformation of Catholicism and aimed for nothing less than the restoration of the apostles' doctrine and fellowship.
		The leaders of the restoration movement were men like Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and later Menno Simons, Jakob Ammann, Alexander Mack and Samuel Froelich, among many others.
		These men went about teaching and preaching their faith, summoning people everywhere to break with the world and worldly churches and become members of the Body of Christ.
	wind.prohosting.com /spstones/faith.htm (543 words)

	Amish
		Amish, named after their leader Jakob Ammann, are the direct descendants of the Swiss Anabaptists, divided at the close of the 17th Century.
		Ammann’s followers were forbidden worshiping with, giving aid to or eating at the same table as those who had been banned.
		Three specific norms of Amish practices are: the Meidung or shunning (avoidance) of excommunicated members; the excommunication of a woman who had admitted speaking a falsehood; and the belief that noble-hearted persons would be saved.
	www.livingstonmontana.com /access/dan/147amish.html (771 words)

	Amish - Godulike - An Irreverent Look at the Faith Industry
		His worries that the entire Christian faith was splitting up was justified when the Anabaptists divided into three unequal parts, the Dutch and Prussian Mennonites, the Hutterian Brethren of Austria and the Swiss Brethren.
		The Jakob part was all right but the Ammann bit was too close to the Arab 'Amm' (one of the Arabian Gods) and the Hebrew Amman, the capital of Jordan, for his liking.
		He was very keen on Meidung or excommunication and anyone who displeased him was quickly thrown out of his particular in-crowd and those that were out were not even spoken to by those that were in.
	www.godulike.co.uk /faiths.php?chapter=5&subject=who (858 words)

	[No title]
		In 1693 church elder Jakob Ammann insisted that the Swiss Brethren follow the biblical injunction not to associate or eat with unrepentent sinners or those who had left or been expelled from the church.
		Amman's insistence upon foot washing during communion services and the old Anabaptist doctrines of avoiding and shunning outsiders caused a rancorous split among the Swiss Mennonites.
		The small group of reform-minded Swiss Brethren that embraced Ammann's teachings became known as the "Ammanish" or Amish.
	www.explorepahistory.com /hmarker.php?markerId=95 (713 words)

	EasyFunSchool - Just Plain Fancy: An Amish Unit Study - Article Archives - free unit studies recipes crafts home school ...
		I found that the Amish religion began after a man named Jakob Ammann separated from the Anabaptist faith in Germany in 1693.
		Ammann and the leaders of the Anabaptist church disagreed on the practice of shunning and communion.
		Ammann supported shunning and also the washing of feet during communion.
	www.easyfunschool.com /article1154.html (973 words)

	Mennonites
		The Amish Church, named for Jacob Ammann, a 17th century Swiss Mennonite bishop, remains insular and conservative.
		The Swiss Brethren continued to suffer harassment and persecution into the 18th century, and many fled to the Rhineland and the Netherlands, others to America (Pennsylvania), and still others to eastern Europe.
		In 1693 Jakob Ammann, a Swiss elder in Alsace, founded the most conservative wing of the Mennonites, the Amish.
	mb-soft.com /believe/text/mennonit.htm (2384 words)

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