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	ELIAS MAGNUS FRIES - LoveToKnow Article on ELIAS MAGNUS FRIES
		Fries was admitted a member of the Swedish Royal Academy in 1847, and a foreign member of the Royal Society of London in 1875.
		A second point in which Fries differed from Kant is the view taken as to the relation between immediate and mediate cognitions.
		According to Fries, the understanding is purely the faculty of proof; It is in itself void; immediate certitude is the only source of knowledge.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FR/FRIES_ELIAS_MAGNUS.htm (887 words)

	Jakob Friedrich Fries Biography / Biography of Jakob Friedrich Fries Biography
		Jakob Friedrich Fries, born in Barby, Saxony, on Aug. 23, 1773, studied at Leipzig and Jena.
		Fries was one of the links in a chain which gradually transformed psychology from metaphysics to empiricism, from philosophy to science.
		Fries maintained that only that which is sense-perceived can be known and that the principles of reason are immediately known in consciousness.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-jakob-friedrich-fries (535 words)

	Jakob Friedrich Fries
		Fries' most important contribution to the Kantian tradition is his theory of justification and the manner in which he addresses the paradoxes of Kant's Transcendental Deduction.
		Because Fries thought that the empirical and a posteriori critique was psychological in nature, it became commonplace to accuse him of what was called "psychologism," which we may take to be the doctrine that human knowledge merely reflects the forms of the human mind, the structures that the human psyche imposes upon the world.
		Fries was able to live out his life in such relatively agreeable circumstances, and he was eventually allowed to teach philosophy again (1838).
	www.friesian.com /fries.htm (2246 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Moreover, as Fries saw it, the fact that introspection occasionally proved unreliable was no reason for rejecting it altogether as the central source of data in psychology.
		Finally, Fries was convinced that psychology could be a proper natural science: it could be based on rational principles that were identified through a critical study of mental phenomena.
		Of Fries' work, Herbart wrote that "if Kant were still alive and still possessed his former vigorous powers of thinking, no one would be better able to induce him to revise his system than Herr Fries" (quoted from Leary 1978: 117).
	www.ucs.ed.ac.uk /fmd/unix/edftp/pub/kusch/AppendixIII (2859 words)

	hegel.net - Contemporaries of Hegel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fries wrote a book entitled, Reinhold, Fichte, and Schelling (1803) where he was very critical of all of the post-Kantians.
		Fries thinks that these feelings that we have are independent of reason and understanding "Ahndung," or "intimation." Feelings (inkling, divination, presentiment) are intimations of the transcendent.
		Fries was a follower of Kant, but not with the Idealism of Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel.
	hegel.net /en/persons.htm (4140 words)

	The new "Friesian" philosophy: was Jacob Fries an Antisemite?
		His address at the Wartburg festival was a typical example of romantic enthusiasm and obscurantism, and it was for this address that Hegel took him to task in the preface to the Philosophy of Right.
		Fries also published a violent anti-semitic pamphlet, 'On the Danger Posed to the Welfare and Character of the German People by the Jews'.
		This subjectivism, Hegel argues in the body of the Philosophy of Right, was responsible for the frame of mind of those who condoned the murder of Kotzebue because the assassin Sand had, after all, 'pure intentions', whatever the nature of his deeds.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/fries.html (1382 words)

	Directory - Society: Philosophy: Philosophers: F: Fries, Jakob Friedrich
		Jakob Fries: On the Danger Presented by the Jews · M. Gelber's translation of a passage from the philosopher's 1816 work of this title.
		Jakob Friedrich Fries · cached · Biographical essay from the Friesian School, which seeks to revive and rehabilitate his teachings.
		The New "Friesian" Philosophy: Was Jacob Fries an Antisemite?
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=1159816 (83 words)

	Why are Belgian chips/crisps called French fries? - FileFront Gaming Forums
		They are called fries because they are fried in highly unhealthy faty oils that clog up people's arteries, eventually leading to heart disease and strokes.
		The "History of the French Fry" [http://www.select-ware.com/fries/docs/history.html ] credits Thomas Jefferson with bringing the idea from France in the "late 1700s." From the descriptions of what George Crum did with the sliced potatoes, they must have been sliced across the narrow axis of the potato and fried.
		His return of the original fried potatoes (whoever ordered them) was a "sarcastic reply" (Snack Food Association 1987) and that he had an "irascible nature" (Grib 1975) or was "a tough old codger who had once been an Indian trapper" (Barrett 1941, 186).
	forums.filefront.com /showthread.php?t=168507 (4410 words)

	Third Reich
		In the early part of the nineteenth century, Jakob Friedrich Fries in his publication expressed a racial view of the Jews in Germany On the Endangerment of Prosperity and Character of the Germans by the Jews.
		Fries expressed a secularized anti-Semitism emphasizing the debased moral character of Jews.
		They were seen by Fries as immoral “asocials” whose primary goal was to undermine the order of society and take control of Germany away from the Germans.
	itech.fgcu.edu /&/issues/vol2/issue1/german.htm (4880 words)

	Jakob Friedrich Fries -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Jakob Friedrich Fries (August 23, 1773 - August 10, 1843), was a (A person of German nationality) German (A specialist in philosophy) philosopher.
		He was born at Barby, (An area in Germany around the upper Elbe river; the original home of the Saxons) Saxony.
		The most important of the many works written during his Jena professorate are the Handbuch der praktischen Philosophse (1817- 1832), the Handbuch der psychischen Anthropologie (1820-1821), Die mathematische Naturphilosophie (1822),
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/ja/jakob_friedrich_fries.htm (371 words)

	FRIES - Online Information article about FRIES
		With the exception of Franeker and Heerenveen all these towns originally arose on the inlet of the 1840).
		Fries s point of view in philosophy may be described as a modified Kantianism, an attempt to reconcile the See also:
		Henke, J. Fries (1867); C. Grapengiesser, J. Fries, ein Gedenkblatt and Kant's " Kritik der Vernunft" and deren Fortbildung durch J. Fries (1882) ; H. Strasosky, J. Fries als Kritiker der Kantischen Erkenntnistheorie (1891); articles in See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /FRA_GAE/FRIES.html (1348 words)

	AllRefer.com - Leonard Nelson (Philosophy, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		On the faculty of the Univ. of GOttingen from 1909, he was interested in the use of critical method to establish a scientific foundation for philosophy and in the systematic development of philosophical ethics.
		Nelson's work in the area of ethics proceeded from a faith in systematic, critical reasoning, on which the values of his system are based.
		His concern with ethical standards and the question of how human freedom could be reconciled with natural necessity led him to practical undertakings, including the formation of his own political organization and his own school for political education.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/Nelson-L.html (267 words)

	Department of Religious Studies
		Although originally having planned on entering the ministry, Otto's arrangements were forced to change due to staunch resistance from the ultraconservative German Lutheran Church and their hesitance to give him an appointment.
		Otto was so taken with Fries that he helped to begin a Neo-Fresian movement within his academic circle and wrote one of his first books on the philosophy of Fries and Kant.
		It was through this journey that he began to struggle with the theological problems of the presumed Christian superiority in the face of his growing knowledge of what we now refer to as the "world religions."
	www.as.ua.edu /rel/aboutrelbiootto.html (591 words)

	20th WCP: The Heuristic Function of the Axiomatic Method
		The deductive method can be presented as an analysis-synthesis scheme as it can be found, e.g., in the tradition of Kant, Jakob Friedrich Fries, and Leonard Nelson.
		The scheme helps to explain Leibniz's and Wolff's striving for new knowledge with the help of an ars inveniendi whose most important techniques are combinatorics and syllogism, i.e.
		It furthermore models the relation between the analytical, critical and regressive method and the synthetical, dogmatic and constructive method in Kant, Jakob Friedrich Fries and Leonard Nelson.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Scie/SciePeck.htm (1249 words)

	Motivation Directory - Fries, Jakob Friedrich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Biographical essay from the Friesian School, which seeks to revive and rehabilitate his teachings.
		Jakob Fries: On the Danger Presented by the Jews
		Gelber's translation of a passage from the philosopher's 1816 work of this title.
	www.moneyandmotivation.com /links/directory/Philosophers/F/Fries,_Jakob_Friedrich/Fries,_Jakob_Friedrich.html (77 words)

	Hegel Dialogue Philosophers Daniel Fidel Ferrer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Another philosopher that is mentioned early in Hegel's book, in the section on Being, is a reference to Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743-1819), his Treatise on the Undertaking of the Critical Philosophy to Bring Reason to Understanding.
		Most of the lesser known philosophers are philosophers who lived and wrote as the same time as Hegel, but who did not become well known.
		George Di-Giovanni article is entitled: "Wie aus der Pistole: Fries and Hegel on Faith and Knowledge" in Hegel and the Tradition: Essays in Honour of H.S. Harris, Baur, Michael (ed)
	personal.cmich.edu /~ferre1df/HegelDialogue.html (3547 words)

	Analytic and Synthetic
		Either such move, however, cannot escape the original embarrassments of Rationalism, or avoid the devastation inflicted by the criticisms made by Hume and Kant.
		Less conspicous historically was Jakob Fries, who could accept the proper meanings of "First Principle" and of synthetic propositions.
		The Friesian theories of deduction and of non-intuitive immediate knowledge make it possible to preserve the advances of Hume and Kant without falling back into Rationalism or heading for the Nihilism (so different from Hume's Skepticism), relativism, scientism, pragmatism, etc., so conspicuous in the 20th century.
	www.meta-religion.com /Philosophy/Biography/Immanuel_Kant/analytic_and_synthetic.htm (2732 words)

	Perl Module /alcott/home/champions/Fries.pm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		my $champion = "Jakob Friedrich Fries"; my $head = new StdHead($champion); # Styles come from the parent class.
		In his insightful three-volume work Neue oder anthropologische Kritik der Vernunft, or \"New or Anthropological Critique of Reason\" (1807), Fries attempted to give a new foundation of psychological analysis to Kant's critical theory and to reconcile these ideas with the philosophy of Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi.
		For a proper understanding of Kant's system and approach, the evaluation of Fries cannot afford to be ignored."); $self->Add($body);
	www.alcott.net /alcott/home/champions/Fries.pm (113 words)

	History
		There have been different lines of philosophical descent from Kant, and philosophical 'turns' - many away from some of his fundamental propositions.
		The Society for the Furtherance of the Critical Philosophy (SFCP) was founded in 1940 on the ideas of Leonard Nelson (1882-1927), a Göttingen scholar who took up one line of Kant's philosophy which had been developed earlier, during the nineteenth century, by Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773-1843).
		This Fries-Nelsonian tradition in German philosophy emphasises empirical and psychological aspects of rational philosophy and is deeply concerned with issues of ethics arising in actual everyday practice.
	www.sfcp.org.uk /history.html (479 words)

	The Proceedings of the Friesian School
		These recent uses of "critical," meaning the dogmatic application of ideology rather than any genuinely critical attitude, are thus oxymoronic examples of Orwellian "double think," just as when terms like "people's republic" and "democratic republic" were used to mean, not popular sovereignty and responsible government, but totalitarian statism and dictatorship.
		The original Abhandlungen der Fries'schen Schule were published by Jakob Fries's principal student, Ernst Friedrich Apelt, from 1847 until his death in 1859.
		Scholarly work on Fries has grown in Germany, and successors to Nelson's Academy have continued activity with Socratic Method in Germany, the Netherlands, and England, but there remains little notice of this in America, in English language philosophy, or on the international stage.
	www.friesian.com (4036 words)

	USC: CAS: Philosophy Course Descriptions Spring 2000
		These transformations would not be limited to Kant's theoretical philosophy, however, and we may also include discussions of teleology and biology.
		We will read texts by Jakob Friedrich Fries, Helmholtz and Hertz, Hermann Cohen; depending on our progress also Ernst Mach, Henri Poincaré, Ernst Cassirer, and possibly even Ludwig Wittgenstein and others.
		The course will not introduce Kant's theoretical philosophy or philosophy of nature and natural science.
	www.cla.sc.edu /Phil/courses20001.html (4812 words)

	Basic Principles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Forgotten Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois and the Rationale for the American Revolution, by Bruce E. Johansen.
		The Proceedings of the Friesian School — Collection of academic papers, dedicated to the philosopher Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773-1843).
		Also see the collections of Liberty Online and James A. Donald.
	www.constitution.org /cs_basic.htm (898 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy
		Freud's writings in addition to those already include: Wit and its Relation to the Unconscious, 1905; General Introduction to Psycho-Analysis, Eng.
		trans., 1920-1 -- L.W. Fries, Jakob Friedrich: (1773-1843) Eminent German philosopher.
		The contribution of Fries lies in the continuation of Kant's work as offered in New or Anthropological Criticism of Reason and by his system of philosophy as exact science.
	www.ditext.com /runes/f.html (5669 words)

	Fries ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		CNN.com - Fried politics: Restaurant serves freedom fries - Feb. 19, 2003
		CNN.com - House cafeterias change names for french fries and french toast - Mar. 12, 2003
		Search the Art History Database for artists, titles, media, year, and other indepth information:
	wwar.com /masters/f/fries.html (51 words)

	Leonard Nelson
		as a treatise on method, and he further developed the thought of Jakob Friedrich Fries, the only post-Kantian who had adopted that approach.
		Among his works that have been translated are
		Progress and Regress in Philosophy: From Hume and Kant to Hegel and Fries
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0835167.html (278 words)

	Jakob Friedrich Fries, Philosoph, Naturwissenschaftler Und Mathematiker : Verhandlungen Des Symposions Probleme Und ...
		Jakob Friedrich Fries, Philosoph, Naturwissenschaftler Und Mathematiker : Verhandlungen Des Symposions Probleme Und Perspektiven Von Jakob Friedrich Fries' Erkenntnislehre Und Naturphilosophie Vom 9.-11.
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	www.allbookstores.com /book/3631314299 (97 words)

	Frederick Gregory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Knowledge, Belief, and Aesthetic Sense by Jakob Fries.
		"Die Kritik von J.F. Fries an Schellings Naturphilosophie," Sudhoffs Archiv, 67 (1983), 145-57.
		Matthias Jakob Schleiden, Schelling und Hegel's Verhältnis zur Naturwissenschaft, in Isis, (1991), 572-73.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/fgregory/vitae.htm (1923 words)

	Rudolf Otto Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He was particularly close to Heinrich Hackmann, Wilhelm Bousset, and to a lesser extent Ernst Troeltsch.
		In 1904 the Göttingen instructor in philosophy, Leonard Nelson, converted Otto to the views of Jakob Friedrich Fries, a successor of Kant.
		Later, Otto helped convert Bousset to neo-Friesianism, too.
	www.netrax.net /~galles/index1.htm (628 words)

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