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Topic: Jalalabad Accord

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	A/50/567: Special Rapport rep human rights in Afghanistan (16 Oct)
		According to information received, especially from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) active in the rural areas, most of Afghanistan is peaceful.
		According to the Human Development Index, Afghanistan is the third poorest country in the world.
		He attributed the peaceful conditions in Jalalabad to the fact that there was a shura on which were represented members of all nine political parties.
	www.un.org /documents/ga/docs/50/plenary/a50-567.htm (6858 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		The accord made the head of the interim administration an ethnic Pashtun, Hamid Karzai, but gave the key ministries of Defense, Interior, and Foreign Affairs to a faction dominated by ethnic Tajik fighters from the northern region of Panjshir.
		Abdulrahman, a tribal leader from the Jalalabad region, recently said on a visit to Radio Free Afghanistan's Kabul bureau that many Pashtuns regard the Panjshiris' refusal to disarm as a poor omen for the Loya Jirga.
		He reported that the Jalalabad administration's revenues -- mainly from taxes on trade with Pakistan -- remain insufficient to cover its payroll and until recently, the salaries of teachers and doctors there were six months in arrears.
	www.rferl.org /features/2002/06/03062002162846.asp (1467 words)

	Afghanistan - Militia Facilities
		Jalalabad is a strategic city located on the main route between the Afghan capital Kabul and the Pakistani city of Peshawar.
		Battalion headquarters at Jalalabad Airfield was where aviation assets from the U.S. Army's Company F, 3rd Battalion, 159th Aviation Regiment -- known to troops as "Big Windy" -- were on standby to airlift bundles of civic aid.
		When the Jalalabad PRT was finished, it was able to accommodate more than 100 team members.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/afghanistan/jalalabad_area.htm (1232 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Asia - Afghanistan
		According to AI, some judges in these courts were untrained in law and, at times, based their judgments on a combination of their personal understanding of Islamic law and a tribal code of honor prevalent in Pashtun areas.
		According to the PHR report, the cells in Shiberghan were constructed to house 10 to 15 prisoners, but they held 80 to 110 men during the year.
		According to the study, some 90 percent have nightmares and suffer from acute anxiety, while 70 percent have seen acts of violence, such as the killing of parents or relatives.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/asia_pacific/afghanistan.html (11532 words)

	3AFGHAN
		According to U.S. government officials, in November 1990 Peter Tomsen wrote to both the AIG and the commanders' shura condemning the incidents and calling on all parties to adhere to the Geneva Conventions.
		According to Richard MacKenzie, an American journalist who was in the area at the time, and to other reports, five Jamiat-e Islami members were killed in the ambush, while some 25 who were taken into custody by the Hezb-e Islami forces, led by commander Sayyed Jamal, were summarily executed afterwards.
		According to Asia Watch sources in Pakistan and Afghanistan, the butterfly mines have not been dropped since the Soviet withdrawal;136 however, of the thousands that were, most are still active because the PFM-1, which was more widely used, has no built-in self-destruct mechanism.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1991/afghanistan/3AFGHAN.htm (12139 words)

	Afghan Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Strict punishments according to Islamic law were very new to the people of Kabul who were already suffering from Hezb i Islami rocket attacks.
		Under the March accord, brokered by Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, Rabbani and Hekmatyar agreed to share power until elections could be held in late 1994.
		The parties agreed to a new peace accord in Jalalabad on May 20 under which Massoud agreed to relinquish the post of defense minister.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afghan_civil_war (1574 words)

	About Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The accords called for U.S. and Soviet non-interference in the internal affairs of Pakistan and Afghanistan; the right of refugees to return to Afghanistan without fear of persecution or harassment; and, most importantly, a timetable that ensured full Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan by Feb. 15, 1989.
		According to Human Rights Watch International and other observers, since the emergence of the Taliban rule in Afghanistan, Shi'a Islam, especially its laws and customs, have been under severe oppression.
		According to Afghanistan's Minister of Water and Power, Mowlawi Ahmad Jan, the 66-MW Mahipar hydro plant reportedly is now operational.
	home.comcast.net /~jcweb123/underattack/afghanistan.htm (4810 words)

	World Media Watch 5/13/05
		Jalalabad was the scene of a major riot on Wednesday in which four people died when police opened fire to control a mob that torched the buildings of several aid agencies, the Pakistani consulate and the governor's house.
		Under the accord between Russia and Iran signed in February, Russia is to send nearly 100 tonnes of fuel in several consignments under the supervision of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
		According to him, the Russian special services know that a western non-governmental organization allocated about $5 million to finance a velvet revolution in Belarus.
	www.buzzflash.com /mediawatch/05/05/wmw05057.html (2607 words)

	China, Russia support Uzbek government in Andizhan affair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The accord by the so-called Shanghai Group affects 500 refugees in Kyrgyzstan who fled the bloodbath in Andizhan, Uzbekistan.
		The refugees currently in a camp near the Kyrgyzstan city of Jalalabad fear being tortured and made to sign forced confessions if returned to Uzbekistan.
		According to witnesses, the Uzbek military shot dead hundreds of demonstrators, including women and children, in the remote Uzbek city in mid-May this year.
	news.monstersandcritics.com /europe/printer_1030958.php (276 words)

	Afghanistan Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The accord is also signed by representatives of The Movement for Islamic Revolution (P), The National Liberation Front (P), The Islamic Unity Party (P), The Islamic Front (P) and Hizb-i-Wahdat (H).
		March 4, 1994: According to the UN, the numbers of refugees in the eastern Afghan town of Jalalabad has reached 200,000 and they continue to arrive at the rate of 1,000 a day.
		According to the Taliban militia, General Dostam (U) was still to be considered a communist.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/afghchro.htm (20562 words)

	The Daily Star: International News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Pentagon believes they might be in the Tora Bora area in the White Mountains south of Jalalabad, hiding in vast fortified cave and tunnel networks used by Afghan guerillas in the war against Soviet occupation in the 1980s.
		According to US officials quoted by the daily, Tenet told Pakistan's president, General Pervez Musharraf, that the United States planned to send more intelligence agents to southern Afghanistan to track down the chief suspect in the September 11 terror attacks in the United States.
		According to an unidentified senior Pakistani official who was briefed on Tenet's visit, the United States wanted help in blocking possible escape routes from the region, and information on how to penetrate the maze of caves and tunnels believed to be frequented by bin Laden.
	www.thedailystar.net /dailystarnews/200112/05/n1120513.htm (3438 words)

	SANDNet Weekly Update, December 07, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		According to Rahimnullah Yusufzai's report in the Pakistani daily The News, the boycott of the UN-sponsored Bonn conference by a former mujahideen commander and Nangarhar province governor Haji Abdul Qadeer to protest the inadequate Pushtun representation may be an indication of problems faced by the interim government.
		According to some unconfirmed reports, the fighters of the Northern Alliance have attacked Pushtun refugees traveling towards Afghanistan's border with Pakistan.
		According to a report in the News, Pakistan, the United States is pressuring the People's Republic of China to stop supporting Pakistan's missile development program.
	www.nautilus.org /VietnamFOIA/archives/sand/Updates2001/V2N51.html (1628 words)

	Final report on the situation of human rights in (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		As the implementation of the Islamabad Accord proved difficult, the leaders of the Afghan political parties met once again at Jalalabad, in Nangarhar province, between 30 April and 17 May 1993 and concluded and signed an accord in which, inter alia, a certain number of ministerial portfolios were distributed.
		According to one report, the militiamen under the command of General Dostom are reported to have started the hostilities.
		Persons who managed to leave the city reportedly told human rights organizations that the violence of the rocket and artillery attacks was such that they did not have the time to bury the members of their families who had been killed but simply left their bodies in the house, locked the doors and left.
	www.unhchr.ch /Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/065025a3b2e64a868025676f00589fc7?Opendocument (6346 words)

	The Providence Phoenix News/Features
		In mid March, as the motorcade of interim defense minister Mohammad Fahim traveled through Jalalabad, four people were killed when a charge detonated nearby in an assassination attempt.
		On July 6, Haji Abdul Qadir, a vice-president of the Transitional Government, governor of Jalalabad, and minister of public works, was shot dead when his Toyota Landcruiser was riddled with bullets as he arrived for his first day of work in Kabul.
		According to one UN observer who declined to be named, "Initially some of us had the UN flag [on the card], then it went.
	www.providencephoenix.com /archive/features/02/08/29/AFGHAN.html (2864 words)

	History of Afghanistan since 1992 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After Rabbani extended his tenure in December 1992, fighting in the capital flared up in January and February 1993.
		The Islamabad Accord, signed in March 1993, which appointed Hekmatyar as Prime Minister, failed to have a lasting effect.
		A follow-up agreement, the Jalalabad Accord, called for the militias to be disarmed but was never fully implemented.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Afghanistan_since_1992 (1462 words)

	frontline: campaign against terror: assessing the campaign: a flawed masterpiece \| PBS
		According to New York Times correspondent Nicholas Kristof, as many as 8,000 to 12,000 were killed -- roughly 20 percent of the Taliban's initial fighting capability.
		The POW issue aside, the administration's initial reluctance to guarantee the basic protections of the Geneva Conventions to Taliban soldiers and its continued refusal to apply them to al Qaeda were unwise.
		According to CENTCOM, a new airfield might have had to be created, largely for delivering fuel.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/campaign/assess/ohanlon.html (5877 words)

	Business News
		Of the country's approved private land phone operators, Bijoy Phone of Jalalabad Telecom is going to offer commercial connections to its subscribers in Sylhet from the end of this month and Onetel of Onetel Communication in Rajshahi division from the end of July.
		Mohammad Manik, an official of Jalalabad Telecom Ltd. (JTL) told the news agency that after the commercial launch in Sylhet city along with its adjacent upazilas, JTL would bring 16 districts of the approved northeast zone, including grater Mymenshigh, Narayangang and Tangail; and Dhaka district, excluding the metropolitan area, under its network in phases.
		According to the agreement, Islam Group will avail some exclusive services from CityCell: as well as its telecommunication expenses will be reduced significantly as a result of very competitive rates and charges offered by CityCell.
	independent-bangladesh.com /news/jun/13/13062005bs.htm (6374 words)

	Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan
		At the height of the Soviet commitment, according to Western intelligence estimates, there were 115,000 troops deployed.
		The official who negotiated the Geneva accords, Diego Cordovez of Ecuador, said at the United Nations today that he believed that fewer than 10 Soviet military advisers would remain in Afghanistan after the withdrawal, principally as embassy guards.
		The Geneva accords introduced United Nations observers to watch the troops depart, but the agreements' other painstakingly negotiated provisions, promising an end to all outside intervention in Afghanistan, were generally ignored.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/world/africa/021689afghan-laden.html?Partner=PBS&RefId=Eutttn-uFBqv (1481 words)

	Islam Online- News Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		JALALABAD, Dec. 3 (IslamOnline and News Agencies) - The U.S. hunt for reputed terrorist mastermind Osama bin Laden appeared to have gone tragically wrong for the second time in two days Sunday when U.S. bombers killed scores of civilians in eastern Afghanistan, as well as Afghan fighters supporting the battle against al-Qaeda.
		Describing the pro-Taliban forces in Kandahar as "the most determined and the toughest fighters," he warned the eventual battle for the city could be bloody.
		Tribal sources said about 3,000 fighters loyal to the city's former governor, Gul Agha, had fought their way to within a mile of the airport, where the "Arab" fighters were holding firm.
	www.islamonline.net /english/news/2001-12/04/article6.shtml (990 words)

	Report of the Special Rapporteur on the (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Although he was informed about a case of whipping in public which took place in Jalalabad, as a result of which one person is reported to have died while the two others fell into a coma, the judicial authorities denied ever having heard of such a case.
		The principal conclusion which he could draw at the time was that the members of these communities were not ill-treated or discriminated against during the days of the political transition and the battles between rival groups solely on the basis of their ethnic origin.
		The only complaint voiced by the members of the Sikh community in Jalalabad was that it took them up to 12 or 16 days in Pakistan to obtain a visa for India and that they sometimes had difficulties in going to Pakistan for treatment of illnesses which could not be cured in Afghanistan.
	www.unhchr.ch /Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/92f4bbe64ae043aa80256705004f514a?Opendocument (11724 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		KABUL - The bus service between Peshawar and Jalalabad, scheduled to start on 15th of this month, was delayed apparently due to private transporters who are unable to arrange proper travel documents for their staff.
		Transport officials had announced last month that the bus service would be resumed in a months time but had not set any fixed schedule.
		Under a bilateral accord, five buses are to operate between the two cities daily but the passengers and drivers must have complete and valid travel documents.
	www.sabawoon.com /newsnew/miniheadlines.asp?dismode=article&artid=29348 (359 words)

	tribuneindia... World
		ISLAMABAD, Aug 7 — Pakistan has claimed that India also was "party" to the Washington accord between Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and US President Bill Clinton which led to the withdrawal of Mujahideen from Kargil last month.
		According to the Nezavisimaya Gazeta, if extremists are not crushed immediately, the beginning of the disintegration would have been made.
		Mr Chowdhury said the newly discovered well was one of many such mass graves where bodies of civilian Bengalis were dumped after they were slain by the Pakistani soldiers and their local collaborators.
	www.tribuneindia.com /1999/99aug08/world.htm (3614 words)

	Spiralling into Anarchy?
		The cabinet this week endorsed General Musharraf’s decision to launch a crackdown on Islamic extremists and according to sources the crackdown may also be extended to the army and the civil servants.
		According to reports, many Taliban leaders have either come to Pakistan or fled into the mountains and are closely monitoring the situation.
		In return, Taliban officials and soldiers were given a safe passage and according to reports a large number of them are still active in their areas.
	www.newsline.com.pk /newsdec2001/cover1.htm (1788 words)

	[ RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY ]
		Witnesses who saw U.S. troops clash with Afghan fighters at a Jalalabad maternity ward said four of a commander identified as Esmatullah's bodyguards were killed along with two soldiers from the local Jalalabad militia.
		A Reuters correspondent reported seeing five bodies, three of them in military uniforms and two in civilian clothes, on the floor in a hospital where another Afghan apparently involved in the gunfight was being treated for wounds.
		Jalalabad police chief Haji Ajab Shah said some of Esmatullah's bodyguards died in the fight but could offer no details about possible deaths or injuries on the U.S. side.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2003/12/6-SWA/swa-121203.asp?po=y (1935 words)

	[No title]
		The Geneva Accords and Aftermath By the mid-1980s, the tenacious Afghan resistance movement--aided by the United States, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and others--was exacting a high price from the Soviets, both militarily within Afghanistan and by souring the U.S.S.R.'s relations with much of the Western and Islamic world.
		UN EFFORTS During the Soviet occupation, the United Nations was highly critical of the U.S.S.R.'s interference in the internal affairs of Afghanistan and was instrumental in obtaining a negotiated Soviet withdrawal under the terms of the Geneva accords.
		In the aftermath of the accords and subsequent Soviet withdrawal, the United Nations has assisted in the repatriation of refugees and has provided humanitarian aid such as health care, educational programs, and food and has supported mine-clearing operations.
	www.umsl.edu /services/govdocs/backgroundnotes/afghanistan.txt (5497 words)

	U.S. probes bomb error - 3 Green Berets killed / Friendly-fire deaths amid anti-Taliban advances on 2 fronts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Afghans, advised by a small group of U.S. Special Operations troops near Jalalabad, fought a battle against al Qaeda forces at Tora Bora, at the edge of snow-capped mountains cresting at Pakistan's border.
		The opposition forces have blocked off all the roads leading to the stronghold and snow has fallen steadily in the area, apparently making it impossible to use the mountain passes into Pakistan that might have provided bin Laden with one means of escape, if he was indeed in the area.
		According to a statement from the U.S. Central Command, the injured Afghans were flown to two Navy ships, the Bataan and the Peleliu, in the North Arabian Sea.
	sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2001/12/06/MN205814.DTL (1145 words)

	News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The bus service between the Pakistani northern city of Peshawar and the Afghan eastern city of Jalalabad was suspended in 1979 after Soviet Union forces invaded Afghanistan.
		A successful trial run of the bus service between Jalalabad and Peshawar was held in March and the service was scheduled to begin last month.
		Under a bilateral accord the passengers and drivers must have complete their valid travel documents.
	www.pakistanlink.com /Headlines/May06/23/10.htm (268 words)

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