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Topic: Jamaica Bay

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	Jamaica Bay and Breezy Point
		Jamaica Bay is in the middle of the New York City metropolitan area and the uplands around the bay, as well as much of the Rockaway barrier beach, are dominated by urban, residential, commercial, and industrial development.
		Jamaica Bay is located adjacent to the confluence of the New York Bight and New York Bay, and is at the turning point of the primarily east-west oriented coastline of New England and Long Island and the north-south oriented coastline of the mid-Atlantic coast.
		Jamaica Bay Islands (National Wildlife Refuge): The salt marsh, dredged material, and upland islands in the middle of Jamaica Bay are largely separated from disturbance and predation occurring on the surrounding mainland, and support large numbers of nesting waterbirds and diverse migratory birds throughout the year.
	training.fws.gov /library/pubs5/web_link/text/jb_form.htm (5749 words)

	Jamaica Bay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jamaica Bay is a bay that lies in the shadow of New York City's skyscrapers and is adjacent to one of the nation's busiest airports.
		Jamaica Bay is located adjacent to the confluence of the New York Bight and New York Bay, and is at the turning point of the primarily east-west oriented coastline of New England and Long Island and the north-south oriented coastline of the mid- Atlantic coast.
		Jamaica Bay is a saline to brackish, eutrophic (nutrient-rich) estuary covering about 101 km² (25,000 acres), with a mean depth of 4 meters (13 ft), a semidiurnal tidal range averaging 1.5 meters (5 ft), and a residence time of about 33 days.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jamaica_Bay (1244 words)

	Encyclopedia: Jamaica Bay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Jamaica Bay is a saline to brackish, eutrophic (nutrient-rich) estuary covering about 101 km² (25,000 acres), with a mean depth of 4 meters (13 feet), a semidiurnal tidal range averaging 1.5 meters (5 feet), and a residence time of about 33 days.
		The bay communicates with Lower New York Bay and the Atlantic Ocean via Rockaway Inlet, a high current area that is one kilometer (0.63 mile) wide at its narrowest point, with an average depth of 7 meters (23 feet).
		Measurements taken during recent surveys in Jamaica Bay indicate average yearly ranges for temperature of 1 to 26°C (34 to 79°F), salinity of 20.5 to 26 parts per thousand, dissolved oxygen of 3.5 to 18.5 milligrams/liter, and pH of 6.8 to 9.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Jamaica-Bay (1264 words)

	Jamaica Bay Marsh Loss
		T housands of acres of marshy islands in Jamaica Bay, which provide nesting and feeding areas for vast populations of birds and other wildlife, are rapidly, mysteriously vanishing.
		Jamaica Bay, whose 10,000 acres include beaches, woods and wetlands off the Brooklyn and Queens coast, is home to one of the largest and most varied collections of fish and both migrating and nesting birds on the Eastern Seaboard.
		The marshy islands, covering 3,400 acres, are, in the words of one scientist, "the crux of the Jamaica Bay ecosystem." The marshes provide habitat and food for birds, fish and shellfish.
	pages.prodigy.net /rockaway/jambay.htm (1323 words)

	Conservationist Magazine - Kayaking Jamaica Bay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The name, Dead Horse Bay, is all that remains of the noxious glue factory, incinerators, garbage dump, fertilizer plant and smelters.
		Jamaica Bay was also a place to play, to escape the city's heat, smoke and congestion.
		Jamaica Bay is a place of magical names like Elders Point, Duck Point and Pumpkin Patch Marshes.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dpae/cons/kayaking.html (1227 words)

	Stormwater Controls Recommended for New York City's Jamaica Bay
		Jamaica Bay's wetlands serve as flood protection and shoreline erosion control for the homes and businesses of the encircling neighborhoods of Brooklyn and Queens, home to more than 500,000 New Yorkers.
		The Jamaica Bay watershed, which feeds the freshwater portion of the estuary, extends deep into Brooklyn, Queens, and Nassau County.
		Sections of the bay's bottom were dredged in the early part of the 20th century as the city considered turning Jamaica Bay into a major commercial and industrial port.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/jul2006/2006-07-20-03.asp (1422 words)

	Jamaica Bay Estuary-Our Case Study
		Jamaica Bay is a coastline of tidal wetlands that extends for over 60 miles along the south shore of Long Island.
		Jamaica Bay wetlands continue to disappear even without filling, although authorities disagree on the exact cause of this phenomenon.
		The average DO levels of Jamaica Bay were 8.3 mg/l at the surface, and 6.9 mg/l at the bottom.
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~scintech/beaches/jbestuaryd.html (658 words)

	Jamaica Hotels by SmartStays - Lowest room rates and hotel reservations for Jamaica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Jamaica is an island nation and the third largest in Caribbean Sea, to east is Haiti, to west is Cayman Island.
		The meaning of Jamaica describes its character of Land of wood and water, where English language is a significant in their lives, after only the US and Canada.
		Jamaica’s accommodations are varied from cute-charming inns to luxurious resort where all adventure activities fully provided.
	www.smartstays.com /jamaica (658 words)

	Biking Jamaica Bay
		Jamaica Bay is a marvel: 9,000 acres of almost surreal calm and beauty, the largest wildlife refuge in the country that's entirely within a city's boundaries.
		Jamaica bay is part of the larger Gateway National Recreational Area, which takes its name from the two arms of land that stretch across the water toward
		This approach gives you ample time to explore the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge; drink in the simultaneous vista of both bay and ocean as you cross the Cross Bay Blvd. bridge; and enjoy the beach and the boardwalk at mid day in the warmth of the afternoon sun.
	recteck.com /bike_JB.html (2290 words)

	The Town of Montego Bay, Jamaica
		Montego Bay is Jamaica's second city in size and importance, but it is the island's tourism capital.
		Montego Bay was a sugar and banana town but the sugar factories have closed down and bananas are now shipped out from Kingston and Port Antonio so the picturesque sight of women carrying bananas on their heads and singing the TallyMan song while carrying out their back-breaking work, is a thing of the past.
		To the east of Montego Bay lies the sleepy town of Falmouth, the capital of the parish of Trelawny.
	www.mobay.com /town4.htm (4157 words)

	Weiner (NY09) - Press Release - $598,000 To Save Jamaica Bay Salt Marshes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In November of 2000, the DEC released a study showing that Jamaica Bay’s wetlands are disappearing at an alarming rate.
		According to the DEC, 800 acres of wetlands have been lost in Jamaica Bay in the last 18 years, 300 since 1994.
		The Jamaica Bay wetlands and salt marshes are home to many species of bird, including snowy egrets, Canadian geese, and warblers, as well as breeding fish, and rare flora and fauna.
	www.house.gov /apps/list/press/ny09_weiner/020625jbay.html (348 words)

	Caribbean Net News: Jamaica
		KINGSTON, Jamaica: The government of Jamaica is strengthening its surveillance systems as part of the country's response to the outbreak of the deadly Avian Flu (Bird Flu) virus in South East Asia, which experts fear may become a global pandemic...
		KINGSTON, Jamaica: Minister of State for Education, Youth and Culture, Dr. Donald Rhodd, has called on Jamaicans to hold firm to the ideals of truth and integrity and respect for life and self, noting that these were essential features of a peaceful and caring society.
		MONTEGO BAY, Jamaica: As the Caribbean and the rest of the world looked on, Jamaica and Venezuela on Tuesday signed an agreement on what has been described as the "broad outlines of an original US$200-million modernisation and expansion of the Petrojam oil refinery in Kingston."...
	www.caribbeannetnews.com /jamaica/jamaica.htm (1702 words)

	Jamaica
		U.S. citizens traveling to Jamaica for work or extended stays are required to have a current U.S. passport and visa issued by the Jamaican Embassy or a Jamaican Consulate.
		Entering Jamaica with a firearm or even a single round of ammunition is serious crime that can result in a long prison sentence.
		It is advisable to contact the Embassy of Jamaica in Washington or one of the Jamaican consulates in the United States for specific information regarding customs requirements.
	travel.state.gov /travel/jamaica.html (2847 words)

	NASA GISS: Science Briefs: The Vanishing Marshes of Jamaica Bay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		More comprehensive mapping of the entire Jamaica Bay by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation revealed a 0.4%/yr shrinkage of island salt marsh area between 1924 and 1974, increasing to 1.4%/yr between 1974 and 1994, and 3.0%/yr between 1994 and 1999 (Hartig et al.
		While the historic rise in sea level may have contributed to some island marsh loss within Jamaica Bay, it is insufficient to explain the recently accelerating trends, inasmuch as the rate of sea level rise in this area remained relatively constant throughout the 20th century.
		The salt marshes of Jamaica Bay may be more vulnerable to the impacts of future sea level rise than the neighboring marshes on Long Island, due to the apparent sediment deficit and other factors mentioned above.
	www.giss.nasa.gov /research/intro/hartig_01 (1023 words)

	Jamaica Bay Secrets
		Jamaica Bay has a long-standing reputation as one of the better spring flounder areas and for good reason.
		The season starts between the Cross Bay Bridge and the trestle for the city's subway A-Line, which is the Broad Channel area of Jamaica Bay.
		While Jamaica Bay fluking is known for getting a late start when compared to Jones Inlet or Captree, Jamaica Bay does get her fair share of action.
	www.thefishingline.com /jamaica.htm (1050 words)

	Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge
		The Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, a unit of Gateway National Recreation Area, is one of the most important urban wildlife refuges in the United States.
		Encompassing 9,155 acres, it is comprised of diverse habitats, including salt marsh, upland field and woods, several fresh and brackish water ponds and an open expanse of bay and islands- all located within the limits of New York City.
		Due to introduction of native species and creation of conducive habitat, Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge is the home to breeding reptiles and amphibians, small mammals and butterflies.
	www.brooklynbirdclub.org /jamaica.htm (1050 words)

	Marshes Vanishing at Jamaica Bay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		As primary steward of Jamaica Bay, the National Park Service has developed a three-prong approach to remedy marsh losses and preserve the site's biodiversity: protection, investigation/ restoration, and education.
		The Jamaica Bay Learning Center has also been created to facilitate research and inform the public and decision-makers of the project.
		Indeed, the information gathered from Jamaica Bay's restoration efforts could also be useful to areas such as Cape Cod National Seashore and the Chesapeake Bay, areas less urbanized than Jamaica Bay experiencing similar marsh loss.
	www.npca.org /magazine/2003/may_june/news6.asp (615 words)

	The Oystercatcher
		During the summer the club members also birded at Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, seined the shallow waters of the bay to examine marine life, and visited the New York Aquarium.
		As stewards of the bay, we strive to work with others toward improving water quality and protecting the natural resources of the Jamaica Bay ecosystem and look forward to an exciting program for 2005.
		There is toward the sea (the bay), a large piece of low flat which is overflown at every tide, like the schoor (marsh) with us, mirry at the bottom, and which produces a species of hard salt grass or reed grass.
	www.alsnyc.org /guardian.htm (1180 words)

	jamaica bay casino - virtual-gamblings
		The goal of jamaica bay casino is to play each game in a way that reduces the house edge as much as possible in general situations.
		jamaica bay casino opened its doors over 7 years ago and is still setting the standards today for others to follow!
		Of all casino games, jamaica bay casino is the one that requires the most skill on the part of the player, which means it takes the longest to master.
	www.virtual-gamblings.com /jamaica-bay-casino.html (332 words)

	Fiboro Bridges - Jamaica Bay Bridges
		Jamaica Bay is a large body of water which separates the peninsula of the Rockaways from the part of Long Island on which sit Brooklyn and Queens.
		It is spanned by two bridges, the Marine Parkway bridge and the Cross Bay complex, and several other bridges cross the inlets along its shores.
		Bergen Beach and the Jamaica Bay Riding Academy (equestrian), Canarsie Beach and particularly Canarsie Pier, Plumb Beach, Spring Creek park, mentioned in the bridge blurbs are all part of Gateway NRA as well."
	www.transalt.org /bridges/jamaica.html (575 words)

	GORP - Broad Channel Island - Exploring the Jamaica Bay Region
		When the bay freezes in winter, children skate or ice-sail across its glassy surface in homemade buggies fashioned from ordinary sleds and canvas material.
		The Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, part of Gateway National Recreation Area, is a respite from the push and shove of urban life.
		All is quiet except for the occasional wingbeats of majestic swans or flutter of small ducks sailing on the pond, and the periodic whoosh of a nearby subway train.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/publishers/countryman/nyisland.htm (1537 words)

	Runaway Bay Jamaica - Private Luxury Villas for Less
		Private,relaxing Jamaica villas with all the amenities: on a championship golf course with private staff, access to a private beach, and so much more...
		Jamaica villas are so affordable, the entire family can relax in the lap of luxury.
		Enter the dates you are considering travel to Jamaica at right, and we will contact you with a FREE no obligation estimate.
	www.villasjamaica.com (330 words)

	Hudson River Research at Columbia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		To effectively manage the Jamaica Bay region, to insure its health and survival, requires an understanding of the complex interplay of materials and energy flow within the system and its coupling to surroundings.
		Sea Level Rise: The ability of salt marshes in Jamaica Bay to respond to anticipated rates of sea level rise will be tested by employing the productivity data, in conjunction with measurements of onsite, short-term accretion rates, using National Park Service equipment, or other standard techniques.
		[F] Chemical Analysis of the Bay waters and sediments: Chemical fluxes at the mouth of Jamaica Bay: an important constraint on the fate and transport of contaminants [van Geen]; Human Health, Biodiversity and Industrial Pollution in Jamaica Bay, NY [O'Driscoll and Hoshina]; Trophic status of the ecosystem.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /res/pi/Hudson/articles/article3.html (1479 words)

	Jamaica - Montego Bay - Official Site for Vacation Travel
		Jamaica > Montego Bay & the Northwest Coast
		Montego Bay is the most cosmopolitan of Jamaican resorts, not as hedonistic as Negril but also not as crowded as Ocho Rios.
		The draw of Mo Bay is its deluxe hotels, such as the Ritz-Carlton, Half Moon, Round Hill, and Tryall.
	www.all-jamaica.com /mobay/mo_index.html (214 words)

	Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge Sundance Outdoor Adventure Society: Metro Team (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		he Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, a component of Gateway National Recreation Area, occupies 9,155 acres of the waterways and numerous islands in Jamaica Bay including the northern half of Broad Channel Island, where the park's visitor center and trails are located.
		Jamaica Bay is located on a principle migratory flyway of eastern North American birds and under the aegis of Herbert Johnson, the first refuge manager, the landscape was transformed into a sanctuary for birds and other wildlife through the planting of grasses, trees and other vegetation.
		Sundance Outdoor Adventure Society is an all-volunteer, not-for-profit organization based in the New York metropolitan area devoted to noncompetitive outdoor sports for gay men and lesbians.
	www.sundanceoutdoor.org /metro_jamaica.html (195 words)

	Jamaica Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide
		Negril is Jamaica's fastest growing resort and the vortex around which Jamaica's fun-in-the-sun...
		It's a standing joke that the safest bet at the Miss Jamaica contest is the contestant with the lightest skin.
		Disclaimer: We've tried to make the information on this web site as accurate as possible, but it is provided 'as is' and we accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by anyone resulting from this information.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /worldguide/destinations/caribbean/jamaica (225 words)

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