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Topic: Jamaican Free Zones

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	Free trade zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A free trade zone (FTZ) or export processing zone is one or more areas of a country where tariffs and quotas are eliminated and bureaucratic requirements are lowered in order to attract companies by raising the incentives for doing business there.
		They are special zones where (some) normal trade barriers such as import or export tariffs do not apply, bureaucracy is typically minimized by outsourcing it to the FTZ operator and corporations setting up in the zone may be given tax breaks as an additional incentive.
		Usually, these zones are set up in underdeveloped parts of the host country, the rationale being that the zones will attract employers and thus reduce poverty and unemployment and stimulate the area's economy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Free_trade_zone (360 words)

	Iguana Specialist Group (formerly the West Indian Iguana Specialist Group)
		The Jamaican iguana is a moderate-sized rock iguana, with SVL reaching 428mm in males and 378mm in females.
		The Jamaican iguana declined dramatically during the second half of the 19th century, probably due to the introduction of the Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus [=auropunctatus]), changing land use patterns, and human population growth.
		Jamaican iguanas are found only in the remotest sections of the Hellshire Hills where the forest remains in good condition.
	www.iucn-isg.org /actionplan/ch2/jamaican.php (2094 words)

	A Primer on Exporting to Jamaica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Under the Jamaican Free Zones Act, investors are allowed to operate outside Jamaican Customs, solely with foreign exchange in certain activities such as warehousing and storing, manufacturing, redistribution, processing, refining, assembling,, packaging, and service operations (e.g., insurance, banking, and professional services).
		Free zone companies are allowed to sell 15% of their annual production in the local market with the approval from the Free Zone Administration.
		The Jamaican dollar is the unit of currency and is composed of 100 cents.In July of 2003 the Jamaican dollar was valued at a weighted average of about one USD = JD 58.96 (average bank selling rate).
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /FE516 (4507 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - Not a shrewd move, Dr Phillips - Sunday \| February 3, 2002
		These atrocities occurred, not so much because the police removed their temporary command post from the area, but because the perpetrators reasoned that, given the state of Jamaican law enforcement, they had a better-than-average chance of evading justice.
		Jamaican law enforcement does not enjoy this kind of credibility.
		Should the good minister preside over this restoration, the Jamaican people will be forever indebted to him, and his courage may yet be rewarded with the ultimate political prize.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20020203/letters/letters1.html (541 words)

	Jamaica Datum, Projection and Metric Grid
		The centre of the Jamaican topo map is at 18 N, 77 W, in the JAD69 Datum.
		The origin for each zone is a spot on the equator that is also in the centre of the zone from east to west, or right to left.
		The origin of the Jamaican maps is near the centre of the island, at 18 N, 77 W, JAD69.
	www.jamaicancaves.org /datums_projections_grids.htm (4368 words)

	Jamaican Free Zones - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Jamaican Free Zones are a government initiative to encourage foreign investment.
		The first free zone created was the Kingston Free Zone (KFZ) in 1976 on ground adjacent to the Kingston Container Terminal.
		The free zones have been attacked as US subsidised "sweatshops", the minimum wage is US $30 a week.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jamaican_Free_Zones (340 words)

	1996 Country Commercial Guides
		Under the Jamaican Free Zones Act, investors are allowed to operate solely with foreign exchange in certain activities such as warehousing and storing, manufacturing, redistribution, processing, refining, assembling, packaging, and service operations such as insurance, banking, and professional services.
		Free zone companies that wish to sell a part of their production on the local market are required to send their request through the Free Zone Administration for approval.
		Although foreign exchange is freely available under the new, liberalized regime, there is generally a waiting period of two to six weeks depending upon the sum demanded, as demand usually exceeds the availability of foreign exchange.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/economics/commercial_guides/Jamaica.html (10676 words)

	International Market Research - Jamaica Country Commercial Guide FY 2004: [Trade Regulations and Standards - Ch 06]
		In 1995, the Jamaican parliament passed an amendment to the Weights and Measures Act aimed at enforcing compliance with the metric system of measurement.
		Under the Jamaican Free Zones Act, investors are allowed to operate outside Jamaican customs, solely with foreign exchange in activities such as warehousing and storing, manufacturing, redistribution, processing, refining, assembling, packaging, and service operations such as insurance, banking, information processing, and professional services.
		Free zone companies are allowed to sell about 15 percent of their annual production in the local market.
	strategis.ic.gc.ca /epic/internet/inimr-ri.nsf/en/gr118607e.html (2572 words)

	The Take: Documentary Tracks Workers Who 'Take' Chance at Revival
		Behind their barbed-wire fences, Jamaican law did not apply, workers could not organize or strike, there were no benefits, wages were minimal and factories exported cheap goods without any benefit to the Jamaican economy other than subsistence wages.
		Meanwhile, Jamaican agriculture was destroyed by IMF requirements that Jamaica import surplus U.S. agricultural products, which were subsidized by U.S price supports and dumped in Jamaica for less than local (or American) farmers could produce them for.
		Jamaican bananas, which suffered from the inconvenience of not being grown by Chiquita, were barred from all markets except England.
	www.commondreams.org /views05/0218-31.htm (918 words)

	Jamaica
		Management determines wages and benefits within the free zones; these are generally as good as or better than those in similar industries outside the zones.
		The Ministry of Labor is required to perform comprehensive factory inspections in the free zones once each year, and in practice it performs them at 6- to 9-month intervals.
		There were no reports of substandard or unsafe conditions in the free zone factories.
	www.erieri.co.uk /freedata/HRCodes/JAMAICA.htm (1301 words)

	Jamaica
		Public primary education was free, universal, and compulsory for students between the ages of 6 and 11, and the Ministry of Education reported that 99 percent of children in that age group were enrolled in school.
		Domestic labor laws applied equally to the "free zones" (export processing zones), but there were no unionized companies in any of the 3 publicly owned zones, which employed approximately 134 workers.
		Organizers attributed this circumstance to resistance to organizing efforts by foreign owners in the zones, asserting that there was an unwritten agreement among them to prevent free zone workers from participating in trade unions.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61733.htm (6984 words)

	Import Export Business Starting a Day Care (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Jamaican Free Zones - The Jamaican Free Zones are a government initiative to encourage foreign investment.
		Businesses operating within these zones have no tax on their profits, duty exemption on imports and exports, and relaxed customs procedures.
		Fashion law - Fashion law is a specialized area of law that deals with intellectual property (copyright and trademark law), business law, licensing, textiles, merchandising, and sometimes customs (import/export issues).
	www.dmgriffith.com (532 words)

	The Trade Mission Overview
		Under the Jamaican Free Zone Act, investors located in the Free Zone 8 Partnership for export are granted a range of tax incentives.
		This allows firms to locate outside the three existing free zones and still receive tax benefits.
		All original material is Copyright 2000 by the Jamaican Consulate in Richmond.
	freenet.vcu.edu /civic/organ/jamva/trade/tradover.html (247 words)

	Renegotiation and Contract adaptation in the International investment projects: Applicable Legal Principles & ...
		One lesson to be derived from this case study is that, resort to international arbitration or its threat may induce the parties to negotiate under the ‘shadow’ of law.
		In this case, the likelihood of an adverse award coupled with the bad publicity it would have brought, could have weakened the negotiation position of the Jamaican government and strengthened that of the foreign investors; and that probably influenced the government towards a compromise.
		Courts have allowed termination or carried out judicial adaptation of long-term contracts when due to a drastic change in essential circumstances underlying the original deal the equilibrium of rights and obligations between the parties' to the contract were severely disrupted so that the contract had no real value any longer to the affected party.
	www.gasandoil.com /ogel/samples/freearticles/article_49.htm (16210 words)

	Jamaican women and Free Trade Zones - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		Free Trade Zones (FTZs) emerged in the early 1980s as a way of increasing foreign exchange, export earnings, employment for low-income workers and access to technology.
		Yet many Jamaican women workers organised and advocated to improve conditions in the FTZs and they were some notable successes.
		As a result, it is becoming more difficult for market vendors to make a decent living since they either have to sell more vegetables or reduce their prices in order to compete with the influx of vendors.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /magazines/AllWoman/html/20050320T180000-0500_77228_OBS_JAMAICAN_WOMEN_AND_FREE_TRADE_ZONES.asp (749 words)

	Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1995 - Jamaica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Jamaican Labor Party (JLP), which has alternated in power with the PNP since 1944, has boycotted all by-elections since 1993, claiming that the Government had not implemented needed electoral reforms.
		Jamaican unions maintain a wide variety of regional and international affiliations.
		Management determines wages and benefits within the free zones; they are generally as good as, or better than, those in similar industries outside the zones.
	www.usemb.se /human/1995/west/jamaica.html (2719 words)

	DR1 Dominican Republic Forums - View Single Post - free trade with the Americans
		Michael Manley, the former Jamaican prime minister, is the story's heart, captured by Black in his waning days before he succumbed to cancer.
		The remedy, or someone's idea of a remedy, arrived in the creation of "free zones," prefab manufacturing plants where thousands of Jamaicans signed on to sew up shirts with such labels as Tommy Hilfiger and Brooks Brothers.
		Black paces her economic odyssey with music from the Marleys (Ziggy and Bob) and Peter Tosh, which is pleasing, though her interweaving of stereotypically beer guzzling tourists is wearying.
	www.dr1.com /forums/78571-post33.html (825 words)

	Untitled Document
		Forty- five percent of arable land was owned by 0.2 percent of the farmers, with the remaining 55 percent of the land shared by 99.8 percent of farmers.
		The goals of the PNP were to develop an egalitarian society, a more democratic society and accelerate the process by which Jamaicans could "recognize their history" (Manley, The Poverty of Nations).
		The imposition of free trade on a small new nation struggling to develop its economy shows a blatant disregard for history in the determination of world affairs.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~aehaynes/politicssite/INDEX.html (1263 words)

	ESB Shut Down in Jamaica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		At the same time, spokesman for the firm, Michael P Harakal III, said while they would consider other options allowing them to operate within Government regulations, they were not willing to entrust their operations to Jamaica Digiport in the wake of Monday's raid on the company.
		Paulwell admitted he had given them conditional permission to operate a V-Sat licence in the Montego Bay Free Zone but said that that permission expired long ago.
		He said English Sports was told that they could operate a V-Sat licence anywhere else in Jamaica and Montego Bay but not in the Montego Bay Free Zone area stipulated under Cable and Wireless's new agreement.
	www.osga.com /artman/publish/printer_37.shtml (875 words)

	Jamaica Digiport (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		To share the company's success with our staff, to ensure job security based on performance, recognize individual achievements and to assist staff in gaining satisfaction and accomplishment from their work.
		JDI is licensed to provide advanced voice and data communication services to companies in the information technology industry in the Jamaican Free Zones engaged in the businesses of data entry, telemarketing, reservations and information processing.
		To this end, the company has committed, to provide telecommunications services to emergent free trade zones across Jamaica at the same price that prevails in the Monego Bay Free Trade Zone.
	www.jadigiport.com (361 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - Dutch airline pull-out to affect Chinese community - Tuesday \| October 24, 2000
		The second-generation Chinese Jamaican said this initiative had been met with strong interest, but that the travel difficulties posed by Martin Air's pull-out will result in serious problems if alternative travel arrangements could not be made quickly.
		Aviation sources said that most of the Chinese traffic to the island comes by way of a flight from the Dutch-owned KLM Airlines out of Hong Kong, Beijing, or Shanghai to Amsterdam, where a connection is then made with Martin Air to Montego Bay.
		A spokesman from the Chinese Embassy said the Embassy knew little about the situation, but stated that in addition to the reluctance of nations like the United States and Britain to grant transit visas, part of the problem was the difficulty of getting Jamaican visas from China.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20001024/news/news2.html (478 words)

	International Market Research - Jamaica Country Commercial Guide FY 2003 - Trade Regulations & Standards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		At the end of 2000, Montego Bay Free Zone had a total of approximately 488,000 sq.
		CBI has provided customs duty-free entry to the United States to qualifying products of Jamaican origin (except textiles, footwear, handbags, luggage, work gloves, leather apparel, tuna fish, petroleum and petroleum products, and watches and watch parts from countries that do not enjoy Most Favored Nation status).
		Jamaican exports also benefit from either zero or reduced-duty treatment of several products sent to the European Union under the EU-ACP Partnership (Cotonou) Agreement.
	strategis.ic.gc.ca /epic/internet/inimr-ri.nsf/en/gr107596e.html (2413 words)

	chicagoSunTimes102601.html - Printer Friendly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The result, she argues, has been the destruction of Jamaican industry and agriculture, the end of Jamaica as a self-sufficient economic entity, and its conversion into a market for North American goods and a source of underpaid labor.
		One scheme to help the Jamaican economy, the film says, has been the establishment of "free zones," fenced-in manufacturing areas where workers are paid $30 a week to assemble goods which arrive and leave by container ship without legally being on Jamaican soil.
		The IMF ideally lends money, which can be used to help local businesses, but as former Jamaican prime minister Michael Manley observes, it charges twice the world rate for interest and forbids the country from charging its own lenders less.
	www.globalexchange.org /campaigns/wbimf/chicagoSunTimes102601.html.pf (415 words)

	African New World Studies Online Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The modern Caribbean nation then emerged as already caught between, and therefore formed in, the intersection between a region of fragmented and dying colonialisms, and rising U.S. regional hegemony.
		She highlights: "the Texaco Oil purchase of Trinidad Oil, the growing U.S. investments in Jamaican bauxite and in British Guiana 's aluminum deposits to illustrate.
		This legacy of intellectual and political thought has been influential in CARICOM due to, in part, Jamaica 's historic role in Caribbean self-assertion, decolonization and other struggles for economic empowerment.
	www.fiu.edu /~africana/newsletter/2004/jamaican_voice.htm (2428 words)

	60th Anniversary of Japanese Internment by FDR - Executive Order 9066 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Believing that there were ``white zones'' in central California where internment could be avoided, Hironaka and her in-laws scurried away from San Jose in the middle of the night.
		But areas of eastern Oregon and Washington, considered minor and remote, were "free zones." Clusters of Japanese Americans already living there were allowed to stay, and for a time Japanese living closer to the coast could voluntarily relocate to these areas.
		Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/fr/630390/posts (4594 words)

	The Washington Diplomat
		Earle Courtenay Rattray, charge díaffaires of the Jamaican Embassy, said the cruise ship industry is crucial to his country, which last year received more than 1 million visitors on 509 cruise ship calls (not to mention 3,843 cargo ship calls).
		Sheís one of several people who spoke at the Jamaican Embassy during a recent press conference organized by Womenís Edge, a coalition of 40 nonprofit groups including various well-known nongovernmental organizations.
		The groupís opposition to free trade contradicts the pro-FTAA position by Washington organizations such as Caribbean Central American Action, which says the regionís economy will benefit from the removal of trade barriers among the 34 nations of Latin America and the Caribbean.
	www.washdiplomat.com /04-07/a5_07_04.html (2193 words)

	PlantFiles: Detailed information on Jamaican Capertree Capparis cynophallophora
		Jamaican Capertree or Capertree or Caper (Capparis cynophallophora) is native to the tropical hardwood and coastal hammocks and coastal habitats of central and southern Florida, the Keys, and through the Caribbean and West Indies.
		It is great for landscaping in central and southern Florida, where it is native, and the showy, near white to maroon-purple flowers are quite attractive.
		It grows in zones 9a through 11, the same zones as the other species of caper found in central and southern Florida that occurs in the same habitats (which is Capparis flexuosa AKA Limber or Bayleaf Caper).
	davesgarden.com /pf/go/64549/index.html (487 words)

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