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Topic: Jamaican dry forests

	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Three tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregions, the East Deccan dry evergreen forests the Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests, and the Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests, are characterized by evergreen trees.
		Dry forests tend to exist north and south of the equatorial rainforest belt, south of the subtropical deserts, generally in two bands, one between 10° and 20°N latitude and the other between 10° and 20°S latitude.
		Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests · Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests · Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests · Temperate coniferous forests · Boreal forests/taiga ·Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands · Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands · Flooded grasslands and savannas · Montane grasslands and shrublands · Tundra ·Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub · Deserts and xeric shrublands · Mangrove
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests (751 words)

	Puerto Rican dry forests - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Puerto Rican dry forests are subtropical dry forests located in southwestern and eastern Puerto Rico and on the offshore islands.
		Puerto Rican dry forests are dominated by plants in the Rubiaceae, the Euphorbiaceae and the Myrtaceae.
		In this regard they are similar to Jamaican dry forests, but differ sharply from dry forests on the mainland of South and Central America which are dominated by the Leguminosae and the Bignoniaceae.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Puerto_Rican_dry_forests (556 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Jamaican dry forests (NT0218)
		A flat coastal strip of dry forest surrounds the island, which is narrow in the north.
		Oliver, W. The coney and the yellow snake: the distribution and status of the Jamaican Hutia Geocapromys brownii and the Jamaican Boa Epicrates subflavus.
		Stoffers, A. Dry coastal ecosystems of the West Indies.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/nt/nt0218_full.html (1554 words)

	[No title]
		Human impact on forest cover undoubtedly dates back at least to this period, but because these impacts started at a time when forest extent and distribution would have been rapidly changing also for climatic reasons, it is extremely difficult to determine just how much land has been permanently deforested by human hands.
		Forests west of the Appalachians in North America suffered the most severe impacts in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but are still under pressure from demand for timber and pulp.
		Forests of warmer temperate and subtropical areas have a higher diversity of species, many of which are localised and therefore in general more vulnerable to extinction.
	www.biodiv.org /gbo/chap-01/chap-01-05.asp?print=1 (2203 words)

	[No title]
		The upland forests of the upper Florida Keys (delineated in Figure 1 as the islands between Sands Key in Biscayne Bay and Lignumvitae Key in southern Florida Bay) comprise a diverse mixture of deciduous and evergreen broadleaved tree species that is predominantly West Indian in origin (Tomlinson 1986; Robertson 1955).
		In tropical forests, the deciduous habit is considered to be a mechanism that minimizes transpirational water losses during periods of moisture stress (Reich and Borchert 1984; Murphy and Lugo 1986; Gerhardt and Hytteborn 1992; Olivares and Medina 1992; Borchert 1994).
		The response of subalpine forests to spruce beetle outbreak in Colorado.
	www.fiu.edu /~serp1/projects/forestsuccession/nklsucc.html (5922 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Yucatán dry forests (NT0235) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		And during the winter months, the dry forests are alive with migratory songbirds from the United States and Canada.
		The dry forests of the Yucatán Peninsula are isolated from similar vegetation by the ocean and surrounding humid forests.
		Unlike the grey catbird seen in gardens and forests of the eastern United States, the fl catbird does not migrate with seasons and is restricted to the Yucatán Peninsula.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/nt/nt0235.html (443 words)

	Environmental Priorities - Forestry, Agriculture and Watershed Management
		Forests and other woodlands cover approximately 45 percent of the country, mostly areas of rugged terrain such as the Blue Mountains and the Cockpit Country and dry, hilly uplands of poor soils in the southern, western and northwestern parts of Jamaica.
		Few large areas of virgin forest exist in Jamaica, and most of the forest or other woodlands are comprised of ruinate or second growth.
		Of necessity, Jamaican forests are multiple-use forests and being so employment and revenue form the forest is important to the national economy.
	www.nrca.org /policies/neap/FORESTRY.HTM (1194 words)

	Iguana Specialist Group (formerly the West Indian Iguana Specialist Group)
		The Jamaican iguana is a moderate-sized rock iguana, with SVL reaching 428mm in males and 378mm in females.
		The Jamaican iguana declined dramatically during the second half of the 19th century, probably due to the introduction of the Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus [=auropunctatus]), changing land use patterns, and human population growth.
		Jamaican iguanas are found only in the remotest sections of the Hellshire Hills where the forest remains in good condition.
	www.iucn-isg.org /actionplan/ch2/jamaican.php (2094 words)

	Jamaica "Adventure" Tours - JCO Hiking and Caving Guides
		Please be advised that all monies collected during these activities will be paid directly to Jamaican nationals (primarily to Miss Lilly Bolt, the Secretary of the JCO), and much of it will be spent in small, rural communities that are in great need of it.
		Jamaican residents who supply their own transport can meet our guides either at Coxheath, or in Maldon, near the location of the cave system, but we cannot lower the fee if this is the case.
		Jamaican residents who have a friend with an SUV to pick them up at the end of the Quick Step road, on the south side of the Cockpit Country, might be able to pull it off without returning to Windsor, as long as you don't mind travelling at night.
	www.jamaicancaves.org /donations-funding.htm (4096 words)

	Jamaican Forest is Highly Disturbed - Conservator - Jamaica Information Service
		Jamaica's forest cover is approximately 31 per cent (335,000 hectares) of the country's landmass, according to a recent report from the Forestry Department.
		Within the less disturbed forest are, the closed broadleaf forest, which includes the John Crow Mountain; the Wet Limestone forest, the Blue Mountains, the Cockpit country, Dolphin Mountain, and the Dry Harbour Mountains, and covers eight per cent.
		The immediate purpose is to strengthen the institutional capabilities in the Jamaican forest sector to plan and implement sustainable forest management and other soil and water conservation measures in Jamaica's watersheds, and at the same time, increase awareness of the importance of forests throughout the country.
	www.jis.gov.jm /agriculture/html/20031017t130000-0500_840_jis_jamaican_forest_is_highly_disturbed___conservator.asp (1706 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Tropical dry broadleaf forests are over with distance (beta diversity), with flora and the second most numerous set of ecoregions, some fauna showing similar guild structures and life his- of which are among the smallest.
		Such for- coniferous forests), tropical dry broadleaf forests are mations are considered as a single unit for the pur- clustered around the smallest size categories and poses of this analysis if they are geographically temperate forests-except for the Chilean winter- clustered (e.g., Tepuis) or maintain some level of rain forests-among the larger units.
		Overall the broadleaf forests are on average more threatened two workshops yielded similar rankings, with the than either tropical moist broadleaf forests or WWF LAC team reaching different conclusions from conifer/temperate broadleaf forests in the LAC the BSP workshop for only 26 of the 178 non- region.
	www-wds.worldbank.org /servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1995/09/01/000009265_3961219113255/Rendered/INDEX/multi_page.txt (12914 words)

	PROCEEDINGS OF SUB-REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON
		Over the years, these forests and woodland areas have been subjected to various impacts and pressures which have threatened their existence and their ability to contribute to the country's socio-economic development and the maintenance of the environment.
		The Forest Law of 1937 was repealed and replaced by the Forest Act of 1996 which mandates that the Forestry Department sustainable manage all forests on Crown lands, prepare a National Forest Management and Conservation Plan and promotes the development of forests on private lands.
		"The montane forests and soils of Jamaica: a reassessment".
	www.fao.org /docrep/003/x6689e/X6689E18.htm (7659 words)

	Hurricane Andrew & Upland Forest Succession in Biscayne National Park
		A tree species replacement sequence for dry broadleaved forests (tropical hardwood hammocks) in the Florida Keys was inferred from species' abundances in a series of stands abandoned from agriculture or other anthropogenic acitivities at different times in the past.
		The upland forests of the Upper Florida Keys, including Key Largo and the islands of Biscayne National Park (BNP), comprise a diverse mixture of deciduous and evergreen broadleaved tree species that is predominantly West Indian in origin (Tomlinson 1986; Robertson 1955).
		Given the arrangement of deciduous- and evergreen-dominated forests toward the dry and wet poles, respectively, of spatial gradients in moisture availability throughout the tropics, it is not surprising to find these two leaf life history strategies distributed similarly along a temporal moisture gradient.
	www.fiu.edu /~serp1/projects/hammocks/bischamm.html (7327 words)

	Bahia Principe Jamaica - Pear Tree Bottom - Runaway Bay
		Wildlife habitat: Dry limestone forest is home to a multitude of indigenous and endemic wildlife, including several species of birds (all protected by law), endangered Jamaican boas/yellow snakes (also a protected species), and countless species of invertebrates and plants, including many endemic and indigenous coastal species.
		What the EIA calls ‘degraded dry limestone forest’ has been degraded by the activities of the previous developers, who caused the road to be moved cutting right through the fairly undisturbed forest at the time.
		Jamaican boas: The discussion between SOS-Wildlife and Environmental Solutions Ltd. was mainly about one species, the Jamaican boa, of which several individuals have been rescued from Pear Tree Bottom.
	www.jamaicancaves.org /bahia-principe-runaway-bay.htm (6368 words)

	GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL ZONING FOR THE GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2000
		The temperate domain is largely dominated by the “Mesophytic deciduous broadleaved and mixed broadleaved-coniferous forests (F)” and the boundary between the oceanic zone (TeDo) and the continental zone (TeDc) roughly coincides with the boundary between F5a, forests dominated by beech and F3 to the east.
		The latter are mixed oak-hornbeam forests and presence of hornbeam replacing beech indicates a continental climate.
		Besides F3, type D8 “mixed forest dominated by conifers” is a major vegetation of TeDc and the northern limit forms the boundary with the Boreal coniferous forests (Ba) to the north.
	www.fao.org /docrep/006/ad652e/ad652e10.htm (4963 words)

	Betchart Expeditions - North America
		Jamaican avifauna is composed of over 200 species plus 50 vagrant winter visitors.
		The habitat of Portland Ridge is a dry, uplifted limestone fringed with mangroves.
		In the forests are tropical red birch, wild Bauhinia and agaves that often attract Jamaican orioles and Red-billed Streamertail hummingbirds.
	www.betchartexpeditions.com /cen-sa_jamaica.htm (997 words)

	Gallery - Birdwatching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It's bright, iridescent green coat and long streamer-tail are distinctive, and it is a symbol of Jamaica.
		JAMAICAN STRIPE-HEADED TANAGER Spindalis nigricephalus - Endemic to Jamaica where it is common and widespread particularly in the hills and mountains,.
		Its habitat is primarily dry forests and scrub of the lowlands, but also moist mountain forests.
	www.forrespark.com /photo_gallery_birds.html (369 words)

	The Blue Mountains (Jamaica)
		Not everyone’s cup of tea is a night hike to the top of a mountain so there are many lower and easier trails for those who just want to enjoy nature at her finest.
		The Blue Mountain and John Crow Mountain National Park, established in 1992 covers nearly 200,000 acres of diverse mountain forest with more than 800 species of native plants and one of the largest migratory bird habitats in the Caribbean.
		Dramatic mountain views as you pass through the mountain forests and breathtaking foliage, the tour package includes hotel pick-up and drop-off as well as lunch and snacks.
	www.jamaicans.com /tourist/thebluemountains.shtml (1035 words)

	forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Overlooking Portland Bight are four tropical dry limestone forests: the Hellshire Hills, Braziletto Mountain, Portland Ridge and Kemps Hill.
		Together they are the largest remaining relatively intact dry limestone forests in Central America and the Caribbean.
		These forests are government lands, and as such, permits from the Forestry Department are required for the cutting of any trees.
	www.portlandbight.com.jm /forests.htm (487 words)

	Department of Life Sciences, The University of West Indies, Mona
		The rediscovery inspired an intensive effort to save both the Jamaican iguana and the dry tropical forest of the Hellshire Hills that is its last redoubt.
		Malone found the Jamaican iguana to be the most genetically distinctive and biologically important species of the group.
		While recognizing that the Jamaican iguana and several of its cousins still teeter on the brink of extinction, biologists seeking to rescue the endangered animals remain optimistic that they will succeed, in large part because of increasing public awareness in the Caribbean and abroad.
	www.mona.uwi.edu /lifesciences/endanger.htm (1245 words)

	[No title]
		Trees, towering above all others emerge from the dense forests and serve as hosts to many types of raptors and other animals capable of living high in the trees.
		The upper canopy, found just below the emergent trees, is a very thick blanket of treetops which captures more than 90 percent of the sunlight and is where most of the photosynthesis occurs.
		The monkey is large and robust monkey living the the forested areas that spread from Mexico to Brazil and Argentina.
	www.hipark.austin.isd.tenet.edu /arc/projects/fourth/rainforests/wildlife/wildlife.html (1027 words)

	Exposed: Secret Lives of Warblers - National Wildlife Magazine
		He recalls the first time he saw a redstart, not in a pristine forest, but on a Jamaican farm, catching the tiny flies that hovered near an outdoor privy.
		These birds defend their turf, forcing other redstarts--mostly the females and younger males--to live in dry scrub forests where food is harder to find.
		Mangrove forests and dry forests contain different kinds of plants; insects eat the plants and the warblers eat the insects.
	www.nwf.org /nationalwildlife/article.cfm?articleId=268&issueId=29 (2126 words)

	frwdecol
		A second major linkage is provided through our work on the dynamics of forest stands and their constituent tree species; the linkage between disturbance and the tree regeneration cycle.
		Extensive work has been carried out on forest regeneration and restoration, tree seedling establishment and coppicing across a range of temperate and tropical wet and dry forests.
		Research into forest biodiversity has focussed on the plant community, but more recent temperate research includes work on deer and rodents and their ecological impacts, and applications of landscape ecology.
	www.bangor.ac.uk /safs-new/research/frwdecol.php (323 words)

	Jamaica's History & its Symbols - Jamaica Talk - Jamaican Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot on the island when he claimed it for Spain on May 3rd, 1494 during his second voyage to the New World.
		The crest is a Jamaican crocodile surmounting the Royal Helmet and Mantlings.
		It is well to note that the beautiful feathers of these birds have no counterpart in the entire bird population and produce iridescent colours characteristic only of that family.
	www.everytingjamaican.com /jamaicatalk/t2804 (1510 words)

	IUCN
		The West Indian iguanas form a unique group of species inhabiting tropical dry forests throughout the Bahamas and the Greater and Lesser Antilles.
		The Jamaican iguana, considered by some to be the rarest lizard in the world, may number no more than 100 adults, and several other subspecies of West Indian iguana have declined to below 1,500 individuals (Blair 1991a; Alberts 1993).
		Introductory essays on the systematic relationships of West Indian iguanas to other iguanid lizards, the biogeography of the West Indies, socioeconomic history and current issues, the ecology of dry tropical forest ecosystems, and West Indian iguana habitat, are presented in order to provide a broad context for the material that follows.
	www.iucn.org /themes/ssc/publications/iguana.htm (613 words)

	Picidae (Woodpeckers, Piculets, & Wrynecks)
		Winters in forests, usually not in pure conifer stands, and forest edge and various semi-open habitats, at whch season found in montane forests.
		From forested North Dakota, Oklahoma and Texas eastward to the Atlantic coast and northward.
		In Mexico, pine-oak forests are favored, in Honduras it is a second growth cloud forest dweller.
	www.nashvillezoo.org.moses.com /piciformes/picidae.htm (3268 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner News - Environmental Ethics Week - Wednesday \| June 7, 2006
		Most of Jamaica used to be covered with dry limestone forest, but the vast majority of it is degraded, and almost unrecognisable.
		The fact is, our little relatively intact dry limestone forest remaining is under threat of being encroached upon and destroyed by construction.
		The approval by the NRCA for mining to take place on Braziletto Mountain has finished off that valuable dry forest which was in good condition before.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20060607/cleisure/cleisure2.html (552 words)

	Spring Plant Sale 2001, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In its native Madagascar, it grows in moist rainforests, semi-deciduous dry forests or in coastal areas.
		Due to habitat destruction and the harvesting of palm heart for food and outer wood for floorboards of houses, it is classified as rare by the IUCN.
		This elegant palm is adaptable to both moist and dry environments and even to forest regions near the sea.
	www.ftg.org /horticulture/springsale01.html (1047 words)

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