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Topic: Jamaican sound system

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	Hip Hop Overview
		Jamaicans were introduced to these records by fl American sailors stationed on the island and by American radio stations in and around Miami which played RandB records.
		DJ Kool Herc, born Clive Campbell, is a Jamaican American musician and producer, generally credited as a pioneer of hip hop during the 1970s.
		Herc immigrated to the Bronx bringing with him his knowledge of the Jamaican 'sound system' scene and Jamaican 'toasting' style.
	www.uic.edu /orgs/kbc/hiphop/overview.htm (443 words)

	Jamaican sound system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The sound system scene is generally regarded as an important part of Jamaican cultural history and as being responsible for the rise of modern Jamaican musical styles such as ska and dub.
		The sound system concept first became popular in the 1950's, in the ghettos of Kingston.
		Competition between these sound systems was fierce, and eventually two DJs emerged as the stars of the scene: Clement 'Coxsone' Dodd, and Duke Reid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jamaican_sound_system (486 words)

	Disc jockey - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Jamaican sound system parties were put on by a promotor, a selector, and a large sound system
		Neighborhood block parties that are modeled after Jamaican sound systems gain popularity in Europe and in the boroughs of New York City.
		The addition of a mixer (used to mix the sound of the two playback devices), a microphone (used to amplify the human voice), and headphones (used to listen to one recording while the other is playing, without outputting the sound to the audience) is strongly recommended, but not required.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/d/j/_/DJ_27a5.html (4874 words)

	Jamaica Music History
		But reggae was simply the growth, the development, of what had been happening in Jamaican music.Beginning with ska, and then rock steady, the loudest island in the world had declared its real musical independence, and had already made an imprint on the world, albeit a small one.
		Sound system owners would travel to the U.S. to buy new records, or have agents ship them over.
		The sound systems had no choice but to play American records, because the island simply had no recording facilities.
	www.everytingjamaican.com /jamaica/musichistory.php (630 words)

	BBC - Reggae - The Story of Reggae
		Sound systems are the heartbeat at the centre of all meaningful Jamaican music.
		The cost of having your own record player or radio was also overcome by the systems putting their speakers in the street for all to hear the music.
		Because sound system dances were one of the few things ghetto people could call their own, they became central to downtown life, thus a barmometer of popular taste.
	niceup.com /history/bbc/systems.html (528 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - Solid Gold: a success abroad - Wednesday \| November 7, 2001
		This is the feeling four Jamaican sound system selectors, from the sound Solid Gold, have had ever since they won a sound system clash abroad three weeks ago.
		Whenever Jamaicans go abroad and do well we should let others know about it because it is real hard work," said Fletcher, who is also the manager.
		In the meantime, the sound system has been playing at a number of venues, including parties and dances, especially in St. Catherine and the Corporate Area.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20011107/star/star3.html (270 words)

	Jamaica and jamaican music reggay
		Jamaican music has also had an effect on the musical development of other countries, such as the practice of toasting, which was brought to New York City and became rapping, one of the four elements of hip hop.
		Some of the major figures of the Jamaican music scene came to the fore in association with sound systems during this period, including Duke Reid and Sir Coxsone.
		In Jamaican music, the DJ is the one who talks (known elsewhere as the MC) and the selector is the person who chooses the records.
	www.jamaicansociety.com /jamaican_music.htm (725 words)

	Routes of Reggae - Jamaica Music - Reggae, Ska, Mento
		Jamaican music rhythms have been a common denominator in the music of the other islands of the West Indies.
		It should be noted that the sound managed to preserve its identity in light of growing commercialism.
		Jamaicans living in Great Britain then caused labels, such as Island and Trojan, to capitalise on this and in so doing broadened the scope of the Jamaican music industry.
	www.jamaicans.com /music/routesofreggae.htm (971 words)

	Chinese reggae pioneers
		He is generally credited with developing the first real dancehall sound system in the early 1950s.
		At that time, urban Jamaicans liked to dance to American soul and blues music, but local bands were not very professional and it was much cheaper to have a DJ selecting records than to hire an entire band.
		Jamaican sound systems were the world’s first dance clubs in the contemporary sense of the word, and Jamaican selectors were the first DJs to start “toasting” or talking over the musical tracks, a style that later led to ragga and dancehall.
	www.danwei.org /chinese_reggae_pioneers.php (840 words)

	When Did Reggae Become Rap (Jamaica)
		Jamaican toasting was developed at blues dances which were free dances mainly in Jamaican ghettos where sound systems battled each other playing American Rand B, Jamaican Ska and Rock Steady.
		The sound systems had a Deejay whose primary responsibility was to play the records and then there was the MC who was responsible for setting the mood with the crowd by “toasting”.
		He put together a sound system patterned off what he saw growing up in Jamaica and started to draw crowds to his dances.
	www.jamaicans.com /music/articles_reggae/when-did-reggae-become-ra.shtml (1090 words)

	[No title]
		Steven Hager in his book states that in 1967 a young Jamaican would immigrate to the Bronx bringing with him his knowledge of the Jamaican 'sound system' scene and Jamaican 'toasting' style.
		The Jamaican influence of having a large sound system was not lost on Herc.
		As time went on some rap groups had members who were known as 'human beat boxes' who produced sounds using their mouth, lips, and throats.
	www.geocities.com /phathop2/rap_evolution5.html (689 words)

	Sound system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		sound reinforcement system, a system for amplifying audio for an audience.
		A Jamaican sound system is a mobile street party.
		Sound System is a song written by Ska Punk Band, Operation Ivy (band).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sound_system (129 words)

	SNWMF 2006 - Performers
		The two most important elements of a Jamaican sound system are selection of records and sheer volume, emphasizing an apocalyptic amount of BASS.
		The first Jamaican sound systems began in Jamaica in the late fifties, a time when, coincidentally, a large number of Jamaicans were leaving their Island for England.
		During the 1970s, after an apprenticeship with the Freddie Cloudburst sound system, Shaka started selecting on his own, and in the process created something entirely new--a cultural, Rasta-oriented sound system for the UK.
	snwmf.com /jahshaka.html (509 words)

	Interviews - Killamanjaro
		In Reggae circles, Killamanjaro is the name of a sound system that is known world wide for it's foundation tunes and up until recently was home to one of the most feared selectors, Ricky Trooper.
		In fact, "you have sound system play and call it special but music cannot be special if plenty people are playing it, only can be special when you alone is playing it.
		Freddy's advice to upcoming sound systems is that their hearts have to be clean and they have to be able to live amongst other sound systems and the sound will grow.
	www.daintycrew.com /killamanjaro.htm (992 words)

	"Very significant, but little appreciated outside New York’s Caribbean community at the time, was the ...
		The sound systems of Jamaica became the center of American inner city night-life.
		Why not work that sound by having two copies of the same disc on separate turntables, moving the sound on the two tables in DJ-orchestrated patterns, creating thereby a worth-while sound?"The result was one of selective extension and modification, developed simply by the human hand and ear.
		"Jamaican musicians have been singing the latest news for nearly half a century, blurring the lines between entertainment and social commentary, and between showmanship and politics." The Jamaican life condition has generated three social responses; they are aggression, acceptance and avoidance.
	debate.uvm.edu /dreadlibrary/board.html (2957 words)

	sfbg.com
		Yet all of these sounds appear to be electronic rather than natural, adding to Seimlste's industrial atmosphere, and O.S.T., otherwise known as Bay Area electronic artist Chris Douglas, weaves them into harsh, severe compositions with names such as "Fe" and "Intv," a conceit that recalls German outfit Pansonic's penchant for bizarre and unpronounceable song titles.
		Though the title is a reference to Jamaican sound system pioneers Lee Perry and King Tubby, there is little of dub's mutant bass or militant antics to be found amid this compilation's jazzy horns and sunshine grooves.
		In seeking the most smoothed-out, least edgy sound possible, Dubtribe have created a disc that could easily be background music at the dentist's office.
	www.sfbg.com /37/10/x_local_grooves.html (415 words)

	JAMWORLD MOVEMENTS ENTERPRISES "Reggae Sound Systems" Essay Main Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Sound followers attend the dances where the sound system plays, collects and trades the sound system's cassettes (cassette freaks), and supports the sound system during a Sound Clash.
		Each sound has their preferences of brands they use for particular equipment, although there are several brands that are known in the industry for making the best of a particular equipment.
		Sounds usally play 45s (songs that are not dubplates) and play out their "regulars" (older dubplates which hae lost some oftheir appeal because everyone already heard them before).
	www.jamworldreggae.com /sounds/sounds.htm (4660 words)

	93.04.04: The Evolution of Rap Music in the United States
		The subway system was a main target of the early graffiti writers.
		As a result, ‘sound systems’ (comprised of DJs, roadies, engineers, bouncers) which were large mobile discotheques were set up to meet this need.
		The record playing systems of ‘sound systems’ had to be large so people could hear the bass by which to dance according to Hebdige.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1993/4/93.04.04.x.html (7748 words)

	On-U Sound System - AOL Music
		The On-U Sound dub style differs from the traditional dub sounds of King Tubby,...
		When Jamacians emigrated to the UK the Jamaican sound system culture...
		Download, listen and watch On-U Sound System music, mp3's, song lyrics, music videos, Internet radio, live performances, concerts, and more on AOL Music.
	music.aol.com /artist/on-u-sound-system/195661/main (157 words)

	Solomonic Sound System - About
		At the time Solomonic Sound really started working as a reggae sound system in 1997, Zacharijah Eberz was living in Burlington, Vermont and Rob Paine was in Philadelphia.
		The time was coming when they were ready to bust on the reggae scene as a sound system.
		Another project in the works is the first in a series of sound clash mixes with Kenny Meez from Federation Sound.
	www.solomonicsound.com /about (698 words)

	HipHopCity.com: Where HipHop Lives! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One group that was famous for the 'human beat box' sound was known as the Fat Boys.
		Bam ran a sound system at the Bronx River Community Center.
		As Bob Marley was a spokesperson for reggae, Bam was an ambassador and spokesperson for the 'Hip Hop' culture.
	www.hiphopcity.com /history/evolutionofrap05.htm (701 words)

	Soma Magazine, Dubwise 7/01
		I could hear a heavy bass sound which I followed to a grey door with a flyer taped to it.
		This new song, referred to as a version, would be exclusive to their system.
		By hearing the sound, I was able to have an idea of who's there." Bullwackies teamed up with fellow Jamaican Kool Herc, who played records on his system.
	www.blackredemption.com /soma_magazine_dubwise_701.htm (1315 words)

	stinkzone.com : features
		In Jamaican music the term "deejay" is not associated with the person spinning records, rather it denotes the person who chats, toasts, boasts, or raps over the music.
		Being a common destination for Jamaican immigrants, it was only a matter of time before the tradition of rapping over instrumental records would take root in the kindred ghetto neighborhoods of New York.
		Herc sought out obscure American records, and gave them the Jamaican "sound system" treatment by playing them through a powerful Macintosh Amplifier and huge speakers dubbed "Herc's Herculoids." And of course, the bass was cranked waaaaay up.
	www.stinkzone.com /features/hiphop_jamaica.html (612 words)

	Before I Realized I was Lost, I Had been Found by Raccoons: NARF Interviewed » Indyish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The expression ’sound system’ in the Jamaican sense refers to the equipment used to play records as well as the people that operate it (deejays,technicians, etc.).
		In addition, a sound system will present recorded music in a unique context which incorporates specific manipulations of the records (stopping, rewinding, starting again, dropping out the bass) alongside vocal performances such as toasting (saluting people, places or things) rapping/rhyming, singing and general interaction with the crowd (such as introducing songs or artists).
		The approach to playing recorded music in the Jamaican sound system context is all about presenting popular songs in original ways through things like special versions (remixes), sound manipulation techniques and constant connection with the audience through the vocal performance.
	www.indyish.com /before-i-realized-i-was-lost-i-had-been-found-by-raccoons-narf-interviewed (2260 words)

	[No title]
		And that night Winston Scotland, the original resident DJ for Sounds of Music, he wasn’t there to DJ the sound either, he was getting so popular that he move all over the place wherever he feel like.
		So I DJ Sounds of Music that night and Philip Monroe the sound owner, who is also a producer, said I could follow the sound and be the resident DJ.
		The melody that you hear from those steel horns and the reverb sound that you hear, that ‘splash’ on the rim and the snare, they were so nice… and the selection they was playing and how they introduce the music, especially U Roy, it was brilliant, trust me, something that bwoy, I always cherish.
	www.jahwarrior.com /i-UBrown.html (2605 words)

	www.myspace.com/trojansoundsystem
		The Sound System has already had hugely successful shows as a single entity and with the greatest names in reggae.
		The Sound System comprises Selectors-------Earl Gateshead and Daddy Ad; Earl Gateshead began Djing in Brixton in 1979, worked as selector and MC with Cutty Ranks, Big Youth, Dr Alimantado, and Dennis Alcapone.
		Greetings and Blessings to the Trojan Sound System from I, The Black Skinhead, The Roots Warrior Daddy Lion Chandell of the Roots Dynamic Soundsystem inna New York City, who lives, eats, and breathes the music of Trojan Records, originated by the legends and pioneers of Jamaican music.
	www.myspace.com /trojansoundsystem (1057 words)

	ReggaeRunnins Interview with Dominick from Blood and Fire Sound System
		He said that there wasn’t, so I said, “Well, you should have a little sound system at least, where you can do p.a.s with some acts when they come over”.
		But after that when you’ve done the individual artists bit and you have two together, then it’s more like a Jamaican sound where they’re all bubbling together and passing the mic around.
		It’s a bit like the Jamaican sound system style without the speakers and with the stage and lights set-up, more like a bit of a band thing.
	www.reggaerunnins.com /bandf_dom.htm (697 words)

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