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	James Burnham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		James Burnham (1905–1987) was an American popular political theorist, activist and intellectual, known for his work The Managerial Revolution, published in 1941, which heavily influenced George Orwell's "Nineteen Eighty-Four".
		Burnham was of English Catholic stock, although he was an atheist for much of his life before converting just before his death.
		Burnham was a leading Trotskyist in the 1930s, forming what became the Socialist Workers Party, which was a communist and anti-Stalinist party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Burnham (694 words)

	Statement on the Death of James Burnham
		Burnham, the author of seminal works, like ``The Managerial Revolution'' and ``The Suicide of the West,'' and a senior editor of the National Review, was one of those principally responsible for the great intellectual odyssey of our century: the journey away from totalitarian statism and towards the uplifting doctrines of freedom.
		Burnham wrote of his rejection of communism in 1940: ``The basic reason for the break was my conclusion Marxism was false and Marxist politics in practice lead not to their alleged goal of democratic socialism, but to one or another form of totalitarian despotism.'' Mr.
		Burnham later dismissed socialism as impossible ``of achievement or even of approximation,'' and spent the remaining decades of his life as a skilled and fearless champion of human liberty.
	www.reagan.utexas.edu /archives/speeches/1987/072987d.htm (195 words)

	In the News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Burnham was born in a suburb of Chicago in 1905 and so was still a young man when he wrote The Managerial Revolution, his first major book rather than (as I would have guessed) the culmination of his career.
		Burnham's managerialism is an intellectual seduction carried to its logical extreme, beautifully narrated, and yielding a monstrous progeny.
		Burnham was a classic public intellectual, an academic with academic brains and academic knowledge, but uninterested in writing academic tomes for a handful of other academics to read.
	www.law.uchicago.edu /news/posner-r-burnham.html (2766 words)

	Collected Essays, by George Orwell (part40)
		Where Burnham differs from most other thinkers is in trying to plot the course of the “managerial revolution” accurately on a world scale, and in assuming that the drift towards totalitarianism is irresistible and must not be fought against, though it may be guided.
		Burnham sees the trend and assumes that it is irresistible, rather as a rabbit fascinated by a boa constrictor might assume that a boa constrictor is the strongest thing in the world.
		Burnham, although the English russophile intelligentsia would repudiate him, is really voicing their secret wish: the wish to destroy the old, equalitarian version of Socialism and usher in a hierarchical society where the intellectual can at last get his hands on the whip.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /o/orwell/george/o79e/part40.html (8103 words)

	The Other Side of Modernism: James Burnham and His Legacy - Samuel T. Francis
		James Burnham died of terminal cancer at his home in Kent, Connecticut, on July 28, 1987, at the age of eighty-one.
		Although Burnham was from the 1930s to the 1950s a highly visible star in the New York intellectual constellation and continued his luminescence among New York conservatives until his stroke, the New York Times did not bother to print an obituary of him.
		The neglect of Burnham by liberal and even mainstream media is explained by many conservatives as the response to be expected from those whose incantations to the broad mind and the open mouth are belied by their contempt for those who dissent from their canons.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1987/october/Sa13295.htm (299 words)

	The power of James Burnham by Roger Kimball
		Burnham’s point, as pertinent today as when he uttered it, is that free speech cannot be understood in isolation, but only in the context of that which makes it possible, that is, in the context of democratic government and the functioning social community that supports it.
		Burnham, recommended by George F. Kennan, was invited to head the Political and Psychological Warfare division of the Office of Policy Coordination, a semi-autonomous covert branch of the agency.
		James Burnham had committed suicide.” The irony is that Burnham, so astute about the workings of power, should have become a casualty of this skirmish: one might have expected him to negotiate the battlefield more cannily.
	www.newcriterion.com /archive/21/sept02/burnham.htm (4084 words)

	Sempa \| James Burnham (I)
		Burnham, according to Hook, emerged as the Party’s most admired and “most distinguished intellectual figure.” Samuel Francis, another Burnham biographer, notes that during that time Burnham was considered a “leading spokesman” of the Trotskyite branch of the international communist movement.
		Burnham was correct in predicting that the war would produce a world struggle for power among “super-states.” Whereas he foresaw the emergence of three super-states, however, the war’s outcome produced only two, the United States and the Soviet Union.
		Burnham believed Stalin’s foreign policy was driven by a “geopolitical vision” that corresponded to the theories and concepts of the great British geographer, Sir Halford Mackinder.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_17/articles/sempa_burnham1.html (2177 words)

	National Review: James Burnham: a hard man to snooker
		For James Burnham, thirtyish professor of philosophy at New York University, the hope--maybe, given his temperament, it would be better to say, the project--was Communism: specifically, the theories and analyses of the followers of Leon Trotsky.
		Burnham's "much-discussed essay, 'Lenin's Heir,'" clucked Orwell, "which was a dissertation--a rhapsody, rather--on the strength, cunning, and cruelty of Stalin, could be interpreted as expressing either approval or disapproval.
		Though the tone is different, this is still a typical Burnham passage: resolutely concrete, without metaphor or abstraction, stripped of any words or ideas that might take on lives of their own and, in so doing, curtail the mundane goods it describes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074618 (1437 words)

	James Burnham and the Struggle for the World: A Life: The Independent Review: The Independent Institute
		Daniel Kelly’s James Burnham and the Struggle for the World is a very useful study of his subject’s life, contributions, and intellectual trajectory over a long career as a writer and public intellectual.
		James Burnham was born in Chicago in 1905 to a Protestant father and a Catholic mother.
		Burnham was consulted on the toppling of Mosaddeq in Iran, but in April 1953 he was ousted by CIA liberals for being too right wing—under the emerging redefinition of that term.
	www.independent.org /tii/content/pubs/review/books/tir81_kelley.html (1940 words)

	George Orwell: Second Thoughts on James Burnham
		This is likeliest to happen, Burnham considers, in a society which retains democratic habits — that is, where opposition is permitted and certain bodies such as the press and the trade unions can keep their autonomy.
		It is, therefore, not surprising that Burnham's world-view should often be noticeably close to that of the American imperialists on the one side, or to that of the isolationists on the other.
		Burnham at least has the honesty to say that Socialism isn't coming; the others merely say that Socialism is coming, and then give the word ‘Socialism’; a new meaning which makes nonsense of the old one.
	orwell.ru /library/reviews/burnham/english/e_burnh.html (7954 words)

	Hudson Institute > American Outlook > Publication Details
		Burnham had stated the opinion that such a government was a happy accident; hence, it seemed best not to overwhelm it with the demands of a minority calling for extraconstitutional remedies for its previous exclusion from mainstream political and social life.
		Burnham was the son of an English Catholic immigrant who became a railroad magnate, and he grew up in Kenilworth and attended private schools before going on to Princeton and Oxford; like his wife, Marcia, he came from an entirely different social environment from that of his early political associates.
		Burnhamâs move to a renovated farmhouse in Kent, Connecticut, in 1937, where he thereafter lived with his wife and three children, put geographical as well as social space between him and his erstwhile associates.
	www.americanoutlook.org /index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_details&id=1937&pubtype=DailyArticles (1707 words)

	Insight on the News: A rivalry at National Review: biographies focus on two editors who helped shape the soul of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One of Jim Burnham's close friends during and after their Trotskyite tryst was Max Shachtman, a wily and witty polemicist who became a prominent anticommunist in the 1950s.
		What makes these biographies--Daniel Kelley's James Burnham and the Struggle for the World: A Life, and Kevin J. Smant's Principles and Heresies: Frank S. Meyer and the Shaping of the American Conservative Movement--essential reading is that they provide, from a conservative viewpoint, an enormously detailed understanding of the 20th century war of ideas.
		What made for the sharp difference between the two men was that Burnham shared a belief with early CIA policymakers, with whom he worked, that the social democratic forces in Europe along with American labor were the toughest and most reliable anticommunists.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1571/is_31_18/ai_90990427 (926 words)

	Commentary Magazine - The Struggle for the World, by James Burnham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Goldbloom, Maurice J. JAMES BURNHAM has a regrettable knack for proceeding with inexorable logic from major premises which are almost correct, by way of minor premises a little less sound, to conclusions which are...
		...Burnham still thinks in terms of a rigid theological orthodoxy-though this time neither Catholic nor Trotskyist-from whose premises the world may be deduced entire, and outside of whose fold there is no salvation...
		...JAMES BURNHAM has a regrettable knack for proceeding with inexorable logic from major premises which are almost correct, by way of minor premises a little less sound, to conclusions which are largely wrong...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V4I1P101-1.htm (1943 words)

	J.O. Tate reviews Samuel Francis' JAMES BURNHAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This second edition of Samuel Francis's monograph on the political thought of James Burnham (1904-1987) is a fascinating exposition of a remarkable body of work.
		Escaping as quickly from the illusions of ideology as from the language of the liberal tradition, Burnham found himself free to pursue his account of the realities of power and the failures of both modern conservatism and liberalism to come to terms with those realities.
		And there can be little doubt either that, just as Burnham in his time was a unique figure in the world of political discourse and analysis, so today there is nothing to compare with the political X-rays that Samuel Francis routinely directs upon the current social and political scene.
	www.chroniclesmagazine.org /www/Chronicles/August2001/0801Tate.htm (650 words)

	James Burnham on the Managerial State
		James Burnham was a Trotskyist who became a leading anti-Communist and Conservative (that is, unlike the Neocons, he opposed Liberalism).
		In 1947 Burnham proclaimed that the Cold War was the Third World War; he went on write a number of books about the threat of the USSR and the need for the US to mount a worldwide operation to contain it.
		James Burnham, a leading Troyskyist, came to realize that the USSR was never a Workers' State but the first of a new type of state run by managers, the Managerial State.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/burnham.html (19744 words)

	Review of James Burnham - Right Now! - Stalking the Wild Taboo
		James Burnham was possibly the leading theoretician of the 20
		Burnham was of English Catholic immigrant background and graduated at the top of his class at Princeton and then attended Balliol before starting his academic teaching career.
		Burnham notes "Juridical defense can be secure only where there are at work various and opposing tendencies and forces, and where these mutually check and restrain each other".
	www.lrainc.com /swtaboo/library/lra-burnham.html (722 words)

	H-Net Review: Giles Scott-Smith on James Burnham and the Struggle for the World: A Life
		Burnham came from a privileged background, his father rising rapidly within the railway business of the Great Northern line and able already in his mid-20s to provide a comfortable life in the Chicago suburbs for his family.
		Born in 1905, Burnham was the eldest of three sons, and his evident academic talents combined with sufficient financial backing soon set him up for the education fast-track: a private Catholic boarding school in Connecticut followed by graduation from Princeton in 1927 and two years at esteemed Balliol College in Oxford.
		Burnham's search for vanguard status took him through his Trotsky phase and into an alliance with the US covert state, an arrangement that began already in 1944 with a paper he wrote for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) on the future aims of Soviet power.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=221381121108645 (2120 words)

	The First Cold Warrior [Long]
		The clash, according to Burnham, proceeded “simultaneously and integrally along political, economic, ideological, sociological and military lines.” It “affects and is affected by events in all parts of the earth,” opined Burnham, and was zero-sum in nature.
		The Soviet enemy, wrote Burnham, was the head of “a world-wide conspiratorial movement for the conquest of a monopoly of power.” Conspiracy, deception, and terror were integral and essential aspects of Soviet communism.
		Burnham described the contraction in terms of “effective political control over acreage.” Because the West continued to possess more than sufficient relative economic, political, and military power to maintain its ascendancy, the only explanation for the contraction was an internal lack of will to use that power.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/842286/posts (7330 words)

	Amazon.ca: James Burnham and the Struggle for the World: A Life: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		James Burnham (1905-1987) may be the "forgotten man" of the Conservative movement.
		Burnham's views on Congressional supremacy, his partial support for Sen. Joseph McCarthy and his views on racial matters would place him, broadly speaking, on the paleconservative spectrum.
		Burnham rejected neoconservatism when it first appeared as a distinct ideology in the 70s and his last public appearance, in 1983, was to accept an award from The Ingersoll Foundation, which is associated with a paleoconservative think-tank.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/1882926765 (586 words)

	Intercollegiate Studies Institute - ISI Books - James Burnham and the Struggle for the World
		James Burnham (1905-1987) was one of the most influential anticommunist figures of the Cold War era, as Daniel Kelly's fascinating biography makes clear.
		Burnham would eventually break with Trotskyism and begin a slow journey to the Right, moving beyond the residual Marxism of his fellow Partisan Review intellectuals before becoming a founding editor at National Review, where he would remain until stricken by a debilitating stroke in 1978.
		Kelly tells the story of Burnham's political journey and intellectual transformation into—as Richard Brookhiser once stated it—"the first neoconservative," including his relationship with Leon Trotsky, his intimate involvement with the CIA-orchestrated Congress for Cultural Freedom, and his role as mentor to William F. Buckley Jr.
	isi.org /books/bookdetail.aspx?id=cd7f041d-91ba-4f9f-b522-febec33e528a (365 words)

	BOOKS: JAMES BURNHAM, by Samuel Francis - 27 March 2004
		James Burnham was one of the most original and influential political theorists and economists during a time when there were many talented and acute thinkers all trying to explain the momentous changes occurring in the world - changes which ran right through the 20th Century.
		Burnham is one of the few whose ideas, then so influential and now so relevant, deserve as much attention as when he first set them out.
		Burnham was talking of the New Class long before most people and pointing to its totalitarian and anti-democratic tendencies.
	www.newsweekly.com.au /articles/2004mar27_b1.html (966 words)

	Sempa \| James Burnham (End Notes)
		James Burnham, The Managerial Revolution: What is Happening in the World (New York: John Day Company, Inc., 1941), pp.
		Burnham’s analyses and proposals as set forth in the OSS paper, the Partisan Review essays, and his early Cold War trilogy, however, are more comprehensive than Bullitt’s works.
		James Burnham, Suicide of the West: An Essay on the Meaning of Destiny of Liberalism (Chicago: Regnery Books, 1985, first publ.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_17/articles/sempa_burnhamEN.html (942 words)

	Quadrant Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Though Burnham may be today forgotten, and his writings regarded as rubbish, Orwell's brilliant essay preserves Burnham's ghost - or perhaps anti-ghost; he remains interesting, not so much for himself as for what a master writer has written about him.
		Both in The Managerial Revolution and in his later The Machiavellians, Burnham seems almost to gloat over the amorality and odiousness of the society he foresaw for the future, and which he foretold with an air of cool certainty.
		Burnham was certainly making his Australian mark, though how deep it went and how long it lasted I cannot, over half a century, really recall.
	www.quadrant.org.au /php/archive_details_list.php?article_id=553 (1380 words)

	James Burnham's Field Journal
		In the Fall of 2004, James Burnham began his field research at the Poyang Lake Nature Reserve in the Jiangxi Province of China.
		The water is higher than when I arrived back in October, and it remains to be seen what this will do to the birds, their distributions and the rest of their (and my) time here this winter.
		James Burnham is enrolled at the University of Wisconsin and is pursuing a Master’s degree in Conservation Biology and Sustainable Development through the university’s Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies.
	www.savingcranes.net /burnham (8342 words)

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