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Topic: James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

	James Clerk Maxwell --Great Minds, Great Thinkers
		James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 to 5 November 1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist, born in Edinburgh.
		In 1854, Maxwell graduated with a degree as second wrangler in mathematics from Trinity (scoring second-highest in the mathematics exam) and was declared equal with the senior wrangler of his year in the higher ordeal of the Smith's prize examination.
		Maxwell proved correct, and his quantitative connection between light and electromagnetism is considered one of the great triumphs of 19th century physics.
	www.edinformatics.com /great_thinkers/maxwell.htm (1870 words)

	Significant Scots - James Clerk Maxwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		James Clerk Maxwell, who was born at no. 14 India Street, Edinburgh, is generally regarded as one of the greatest physicists the world has ever seen.
		James Clerk Maxwell’s four electromagnetic equations, which describe how electromagnetic fields vary in space and time, were judged best in the world in a poll of physicists.
		Maxwell was born on 13 June 1831 in India Street, Edinburgh, in a house built by his parents, but soon the family moved to Glenlair in Kirkcudbrightshire.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/other/maxwell_james.htm (943 words)

	UK Astronomy
		James Clerk Maxwell was an eminent British scientist, born in Edinburgh in 1831, who graduated from Cambridge and later founded the famous Cavendish Laboratory there.
		Among the projects to which the JCMT has made significant contributions are studies of the Sun, comets, molecular clouds, quasars, and the cosmic background radiation which is apparently a left-over remnant of the 'big bang' that is thought to have brought the universe into existence.
		JCMT astronomers were also able to elucidate the nature of a distant but extremely bright galaxy, IRAS 10214+4724, that was thought to be at an early stage in its evolution because of its huge distance from us.
	www.britannia.com /newsbits/radoeye.html (903 words)

	Maxwell Year 2006 Press Coverage
		James Clerk Maxwell has recently been hailed as the No 1 Scientist in a National Library of Scotland poll, and the 4th most important topic in Scotland’s History by a BBC poll.
		Visitors expressed their belief that Clerk Maxwell should be hailed as an icon in the Stewartry, as a “son of the earth”, and for the way he “changed the world” on a level that matched the achievements of Albert Einstein.
		Maxwell was appointed Professor of Physics at Marischal College in Aberdeen at the age of 25, where he met his wife Katherine, the daughter of the college principal.
	www.maxwellyear2006.org /html/press_coverage.html (6605 words)

	NRC-HIA: Public Outreach - James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
		Named after the pioneering Scottish physicist who gave us a fundamental understanding of electricity and magnetism, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope is used to investigate a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is only now beginning to be explored.
		The telescope is capable of exploring radio waves with a range of about 0.3 to 2 mm.
		JCMT was built jointly by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands and is funded by the UK, Canada and the Netherlands.
	www.hia-iha.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /public/jcmt_e.html (278 words)

	Caltech Press Release, 4/16/2003,
		Because the JCMT cannot see details of the sky that are as fine as details seen by telescopes operating at visible and radio wavelengths, and because the submillimeter galaxies are very faint, researchers have had a hard time determining the precise locations of the submillimeter galaxies and measuring their distances.
		The Keck telescope found the faint spectral signature of radiation that is emitted, at a single ultraviolet wavelength of 0.1215 micrometers, by hydrogen gas excited by either a large number of hot, young stars or by the energy released as matter spirals into a fl hole at the core of a galaxy.
		James Clerk Maxwell Telescope is at http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/JACpublic/JCMT The Very Large Array is at http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/vla/html.
	pr.caltech.edu /media/Press_Releases/PR12377.html (682 words)

	James Clerk Maxwell
		His “Maxwell’s law” is considered one of the ten mathematical formulas which changed the face of the earth.
		James Clerk Maxwell was born in Edinburgh, and his family moved to Glenlair in Kirkcudbrightshire, near Dumfries, when he was just over two years old.
		Maxwell explored the earlier work thoroughly, repeating many of Cavendish’s experiments, and produced “The Electrical Researches of the Honourable Henry Cavendish” in 1879, a volume considered a cornerstone in the history of electricity.
	www.clanmaxwellusa.com /clerkmax.htm (1140 words)

	Scotsman.com Heritage & Culture - James Clerk Maxwell - Even Einstein was fan of this influential physicist
		JAMES Clerk Maxwell was one of the greatest theoretical physicists the world has known and is regarded as the 19th-century scientist who most influenced 20th-century physics.
		Maxwell's work on electromagnetism and light paved the way for luminaries such as Max Planck and Albert Einstein, and in 1931, the centenary of Maxwell's birth, Einstein described the Scot's work as the "most profound and the most fruitful that physics has experienced since the time of Newton".
		A descendent of the notably creative Clerks of Penicuik, Maxwell was born in 1831.
	heritage.scotsman.com /topics.cfm?tid=1033&id=669642005 (689 words)

	JCMT homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		With a diameter of 15m the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) is the largest astronomical telescope in the world designed specifically to operate in the submillimeter wavelength region of the spectrum.
		It is situated close to the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, at an altitude of 4092m.
		The JCMT is supported by PPARC, NRC and NWO; it is overseen by the JCMT Board
	www.jach.hawaii.edu /JCMT (132 words)

	Professor G.R.Davis: James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The JCMT is situated at the summit of Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano on the island of Hawaii, at an altitude of 4092m above sea level.
		The telescope has a segmented primary mirror of diameter 15m and is the largest facility in the world devoted to submillimetre astronomy.
		The JCMT is operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre in Hilo, Hawaii on behalf of the parent organizations: the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council in the United Kingdom, the National Research Council of Canada and The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.
	physics.usask.ca /~davis/jcmt.html (1132 words)

	James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT)
		The world's largest radio telescope designed specifically to work at submillimeter wavelengths; it covers wavelengths between 0.3 and 2 mm.
		The 15-meter primary dish is made of 276 aluminum panels, each of which is adjustable to keep the surface accurately configured.
		The JCMT is located near the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, and is operated on behalf of the three partner countries (United Kingdom, Canada, and the Netherlands) by the Joint Astronomy Centre (JAC) in Hilo, Hawaii, which also operates the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/J/JCMT.html (155 words)

	HISP: James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) is operated on behalf of the three partner countries (UK, Canada and Netherlands) by the Joint Astronomy Center (JAC) which is based in Hilo, Hawaii.
		The JCMT is equipped with a wide variety of instruments, in order to make the best possible observations of the many different kinds of objects that are studied using this telescope.
		Radio telescopes are often used to study objects that are completely invisible to more traditional optical telescopes and processes where lots of dust is present, obscuring any visible light.
	www.kohalacenter.org /hisp/as_jcmt.shtml (287 words)

	CNN.com - Telescope set to reveal 'Big Bang' - Aug 24, 2006
		The sub-millimeter radiation that the telescope will collect is usually absorbed by water, but the lack of moisture in the atmosphere will enable scientists to enjoy a clear view of the sky.
		That makes the telescope ideally suited for studying the formation of stars and galaxies, previously shrouded from astronomical view by clouds of impenetrable cosmic debris, and compiling a detailed analysis of their chemistry.
		By studying waves from galaxies that have taken millions of years to reach earth, the telescope could also shed new light on how the universe was shaped in the aftermath of the Big Bang by enabling astronomers to observe events just 300 million years into the estimated 13.7 billion-year life of the universe.
	www.cnn.com /rssclick/2006/TECH/space/08/22/alma.telescope/index.html?section=cnn_space (876 words)

	Distant star bursts provide key to the origin of galaxies
		Revealing images produced by one of the world's most sophisticated telescopes are enabling a team of Edinburgh astronomers to see clearly for the first time how distant galaxies were formed 12 billion years ago.
		The images were taken with the SCUBA camera at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope at a wavelength of 0.85 mm.
		It means that when they look at objects in the furthest reaches of the universe, the light which is captured by the telescope and camera has taken most of the age of the universe to reach the earth.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-09/ppa-dsb091703.php (1451 words)

	Happy Birthday to James Clerk Maxwell! :: canspice.org
		He is known most for developing the Maxwell Equations, four equations that link electricity and magnetism and, at the same time, calculate the speed of light.
		Maxwell is considered the most influential scientist of the nineteenth century.
		The largest sub-millimetre telescope in the world, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, is named after him, as are buildings at the University of Edinburgh, King’s College London, and the University of Stafford.
	www.canspice.org /2006/06/13/happy-birthday-to-james-clerk-maxwell (430 words)

	Image ssc2003-06i
		The NASA Spitzer Space Telescope has obtained the first infrared images of the dust disc surrounding Fomalhaut, the 18th brightest star in the sky.
		The Spitzer telescope was designed in part to study these circumstellar discs, where the dust particles are so cold that they radiate primarily at infrared wavelengths.
		Subsequent measurements with sub-millimeter radio telescopes suggested that Fomalhaut is surrounded by a huge dust ring 370 astronomical units (an astronomical unit is the average distance between the Sun and Earth), or 34 billion miles (56 billion kilometers) in diameter.
	www.spitzer.caltech.edu /Media/releases/ssc2003-06/ssc2003-06i.shtml (533 words)

	Reducing SCUBA Data at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
		James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) on Mauna Kea.
		Scan mapping, as the name suggests, is performed by the telescope scanning across an area of sky while simultaneously chopping.
		The submillimetre sky is very sensitive to sky noise caused by fluctuations in the emissivity of the atmosphere passing over the telescope.
	www.adass.org /adass/proceedings/adass97/jennesst.html (1501 words)

	Remote Eavesdropping at the JCMT via the World Wide Web
		The UKIRT implementation has been extended to meet the differing expectations of the JCMT community, and has many additions including a telescope status screen, the ability to access the observation log and the use of a conferencing tool between the observer and the eavesdropper(s).
		The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) is a UK-Canada-Netherlands 15-m submillimetre telescope situated on the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii.
		Although JCMT users understand the advantages of flexible scheduling, they are reluctant to relinquish the ability to modify observing strategy on-the-fly as new data come in.
	www.cv.nrao.edu /adass/adassVI/jennesst.html (1116 words)

	Era of galaxy and black hole growth spurt discovered
		Hubble Space Telescope observations indicate that most of the submillimeter galaxies are actually two galaxies that are colliding and merging.
		The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) is operated on behalf of the United Kingdom, Canada & Netherlands by the Joint Astronomy Centre in Hilo, Hawaii.
		With its 15-meter (50-foot) diameter dish the JCMT detects light with "submillimeter" wavelengths, between infrared light and radio waves on the wavelength scale.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-04/cxc-eog040605.php (535 words)

	Dave Jewitt: Submillimeter Comet Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These wavelengths convey special information about comets, by revealing molecular transitions of parent molecules and by allowing the direct study of thermal emission from large dust particles and (sometimes) the cometary nucleus.
		The Earth's atmosphere blocks much of the submillimeter wavelength range, requiring that submillimeter telescopes be located at dry, high altitude sites.
		The leading submillimeter telescope is the 15 m diameter James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) at 4km altitude on Mauna Kea, Hawaii.
	www.ifa.hawaii.edu /~jewitt/submm.html (95 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Mars atmosphere discovery
		The observations were made at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), situated near the 14,000-ft summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii.
		The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope spectral observations of hydrogen peroxide were made during the same period.
		He explains more about the JCMT observations: "The 2003 opposition was especially favorable since it occurred when Mars was closest to the sun in its orbit, and hence unusually close to us as we passed by.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0403/01marsatmosphere (1120 words)

	Eberly College of Science \| Discovery of Growth-Spurt Era for Black Holes and Galaxies
		The research team used three observatories to view the universe in three different wavelengths: the Chandra X-ray Observatory in Earth orbit for X-rays, the Keck telescope in Hawaii for optical wavelengths, and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii for submillimeter wavelengths.
		Recent sophisticated computer simulations performed by Tiziana Di Matteo of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Penn., and her collaborators have shown that such mergers drive gas toward the central regions of galaxies, triggering a burst of star formation and providing fuel for the growth of a central fl hole.
		The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) is operated on behalf of the United Kingdom, Canada and Netherlands by the Joint Astronomy Centre.
	www.science.psu.edu /alert/Brandt4-2005.htm (1213 words)

	Astronomers catch a glimpse from the dawn of time
		The astronomers, using a powerful new device fixed to a telescope in Hawaii, have spotted a cluster of previously unknown galaxies so far away that even the Hubble space telescope has been unable to discover them.
		But a full analysis of the age of the signals, obtained using the James Clerk Maxwell radio telescope, has not yet been done.
		Dr Andrew Bain, of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge, England, said the glimpse was "tantalising".
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/11/06/wgal06.html (534 words)

	National Aerospace Laboratory NLR
		The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope is specialised in submillimetre astronomy.
		Later this year the telescope will be fitted with a number of new, more sensitive SCUBA-2 sensors, which can, for example, observe the birth of new star systems.
		The NLR was awarded the contract because of the high degree of shape accuracy called for and the mirrors' large surface area.
	www.nlr.nl /eCache/DEF/119.bGFuZz1lbg.html (333 words)

	HISP: Subaru Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Subaru Telescope operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) with the support of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology.
		Subaru is an 8.2-meter optical-infrared telescope operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) with the support of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology.
		Subaru is a new-generation telescope, not only because of the size of its mirror with an effective aperture of 8.2 meters, but also because of the various new technologies used to achieve its outstanding observational performance.
	www.kohalacenter.org /hisp/as_subaru.shtml (157 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Astronomers detect stellar ashes at the dawn of time
		Using a powerful instrument on a telescope in Hawaii, UK astronomers have found ashes from a generation of stars that died over 10 billion years ago.
		Using the SCUBA (Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array) camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii, the team of British astronomers observed a sample of the most distant quasars known, to detect their primeval 'host' galaxies.
		Gemini 12: The NASA Mission Reports covers the voyage of James Lovell and Buzz Aldrin that capped the Gemini program's efforts to prove the technologies and techniques that would be needed for the Apollo Moon landings.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0204/11dawn (1165 words)

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