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	James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed (August 21, 1670- June 12, 1734) was a French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill, sister of the Duke of Marlborough.
		FitzJames was born at Moulins in France before his father's accession to the throne, and was brought up a Roman Catholic and educated by the Jesuits.
		FitzJames was created Duke of Berwick by his father in 1687, as well as Baron of Bosworth and Earl of Tinmouth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_FitzJames%2C_1st_Duke_of_Berwick (577 words)

	Henry FitzJames, 1st Duke of Albemarle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Henry FitzJames, 1st Duke of Albemarle (August 1673 - December 1702), was the illegitimate son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill, sister of the Duke of Marlborough.
		He was the brother of James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, the French general.
		FitzJames was created Duke of Albemarle by his father on January 13, 1696, but the title is only recognized by Jacobites.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Henry_FitzJames,_1st_Duke_of_Albemarle (125 words)

	James II of England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		James II of England (James VII of Scotland), James Stuart, (October 14, 1633 - September 16, 1701), was a King of England, Scotland and Ireland (reigned from February 6, 1685 to January 28, 1689).
		The dissatisfaction with James, coupled with alarm at the birth of a Catholic heir, led to a conspiracy to replace him with his estranged daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, both dedicated Protestants.
		James was responsible for the last major redevelopments at the Palace of Whitehall prior to its destruction by fire.
	1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/j/ja/james_ii_of_england.html (1356 words)

	James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (August 21, 1670- June 12, 1734) was a French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill.
		FitzJames was born at Moulins in France before his father's accession to the throne, and was brought up a Roman Catholic.
		He went into the service of Charles, Duke of Lorraine and was created Duke of Berwick by his father in 1687.
	www.bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/j/ja/james_fitzjames__1st_duke_of_berwick.html (204 words)

	James II (of England) - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about James II (of England) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1660 James married Anne Hyde (1637–1671; mother of Mary II and Anne) and in 1673 Mary of Modena (mother of James Edward Stuart).
		James fled to France, then led an uprising in Ireland in 1689, but after defeat at the Battle of the Boyne (1690) remained in exile in France.
		The arrival of a male heir, destined to be raised as a Catholic, destroyed English hopes of a Protestant succession and prompted seven leading politicians to invite William of Orange – the husband of James's daughter Mary – to claim the throne in the Glorious Revolution.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /James+II+(of+England) (439 words)

	Easy Encyclopedia - Online Encyclopedia. Knowledge is Power
		James II of England (James VII of Scotland), James Stuart, (October 14, 1633 - September 16, 1701), was a King of England, Scotland and Ireland.
		The dissatisfaction with James led to a conspiracy to replace him with his estranged daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, both dedicated Protestants.
		James married twice, firstly Anne Hyde in Breda on Nov 24, 1659.
	www.easyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/j/ja/james_ii_of_england.html (1140 words)

	James II of England - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		James II of England (James VII of Scotland) Stuart, (October 14, 1633 - September 16, 1701), was a King of England, Scotland and Ireland.
		James was allowed to escape from England, was given a pension by King Louis XIV of France, and lived in the royal château at Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
		King James II died on September 6, 1701, and is buried in the Church of Saint-Germain, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.
	www.openproxy.ath.cx /ja/James_II_of_England.html (1101 words)

	Encyclopedia: War of the Spanish Succession
		The war proceeded for over a decade, and was marked by the military leadership of notable generals such as the Duc de Villars and the Duke of Berwick for France, the Duke of Marlborough for England, and Prince Eugene of Savoy for the Austrians.
		Duke Joseph Ferdinand Leopold of Bavaria (28 October 1692 - 6 February 1699) was the son of Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (1679-1705, 1714-1726) and his first wife, Marie Antonie of Austria, daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, maternal granddaughter of King Felipe IV of Spain.
		By the end of the year, however, Madrid was recovered by an army led by King Philip V and the Duke of Berwick (the illegitimate son of James II of England, serving in the French army).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/War-of-the-Spanish-Succession (9421 words)

	James Fitzjames, duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Berwick-upon-Tweed, James Fitzjames, duke of, earl of Tinmouth, baron of Bosworth, duc (duke) de Fitz-James
		Fitzjames was the “illegitimate” son of James, duke of York (later King James II of England), and Arabella Churchill, the sister of John Churchill, later 1st duke of Marlborough.
		James Duke was born on Dec. 23, 1856, near Durham, N.C. At the age of 18 he became a partner in his father's tobacco company in North Carolina.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9078912?tocId=9078912 (862 words)

	Arabella Churchill - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Arabella Churchill (1648-1730) was the mistress of King James II of England and VII of Scotland, and the mother of at least four of his children.
		An older sister of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, she began her relationship with James, then Duke of York, in about 1665, while he was still married to Anne Hyde.
		These included James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick and Henry FitzJames, 1st Duke of Albemarle[?].
	www.classicalenthusiast.com /wikipedia/ar/Arabella_Churchill.html (107 words)

	Encyclopedia: James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
		William III (William of Orange) King of England, Scotland and Ireland, Stadtholder of the Netherlands The Battle of the Boyne was a turning point in the Williamite war in Ireland between the deposed King James II of England and VII of Scotland and his son-in-law and successor, William...
		The Battle of Landen (or Neerwinden), in the current Belgian province of Flemish Brabant, was a battle in the War of the Grand Alliance, fought in the Netherlands on July 29, 1693 between the French army of Marshal Luxembourg and the Allied army of King William III of England.
		The Dukedom of Berwick-upon-Tweed, from Berwick-upon-Tweed in England by the border with Scotland, was created in 1687 for James FitzJames, the illegitimate son of King James II of England.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/James-FitzJames,-1st-Duke-of-Berwick (2078 words)

	James II of England - Metaweb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		James himself was rescued from confinement at St. James's Palace in London in April 1648 and was taken, in disguise, to The Hague.
		As the young duke of York James was surrendered (1646) to the parliamentary forces at the end of the first civil war, but he escaped (1648) to the Continent and served in the French (1652-55) and Spanish (1658) armies.
		James consented to the marriage (1677) of his daughter Mary (later Mary II) to the Protestant prince of Orange (later William III), and the couple became the heirs presumptive, after James, to the English throne.
	www.metaweb.com /wiki/wiki.phtml?title=James_II&printable=yes (1625 words)

	JAMES FITZJAMES, 1ST DUKE OF BERWICK FACTS AND INFORMATION
		James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed (August_21, 1670- June_12, 1734) was a French military leader, illegitimate son of King James_II_of_England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill, sister of the Duke of Marlborough.
		FitzJames was born at Moulins in France before his father's accession to the throne, and was brought up a Roman_Catholic and educated by the Jesuits.
		On the April_25, 1707, Berwick won the great and decisive victory of Almanza, where an Englishman at the head of a French army defeated Ruvigny, a Frenchman at the head of an English army.
	www.witwib.com /James_FitzJames,_1st_Duke_of_Berwick (521 words)

	Berwick, James Fitzjames, 1st Duke of Berwick - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Berwick, James Fitzjames, 1st ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		French marshal, illegitimate son of the Duke of York (afterwards James II of England) and Arabella Churchill (1648–1730), sister of the great duke of Marlborough, his enemy in battle.
		He was made duke of Berwick in 1687.
		After the revolution of 1688 he served under his father in Ireland, joined the French army, fought against William III and Marlborough, and in 1707 defeated the English at Almansa in Spain.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Berwick%2c+James+Fitzjames%2c+1st+Duke+of+Berwick (156 words)

	James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		James FitzJames 1st Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed (August 21 1670 - June 12 1734) was a French military leader illegitimate of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill.
		FitzJames was born at Moulins in France before his father's accession to the and was brought up a Roman Catholic.
		He went into the service of Duke of Lorraine and was created Duke Berwick by his father in 1687.
	www.freeglossary.com /James_FitzJames%2C_1st_Duke_of_Berwick (214 words)

	James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Explore Berwick Explore Berwick links over 250 images enabling visitors to take a virtual tour around the medieval walls and discover the hidden treasures of England's most northerly town.
		Berwick Family Centre A registered charity working with families and official agencies to address the needs of families and children in Berwick upon Tweed.
		Berwick and the Greenses Guide to Berwick-upon-Tweed and the lively Greenses area that once housed the old fishing community that thrived outside the town's walls.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-James_FitzJames,_1st_Duke_of_Berwick.html (493 words)

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafg200 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		John CHURCHILL 1st Duke was born 24 Jun 1650 and died 16 Jun 1722.
		James FITZJAMES Duke of Berwick [Parents] was born
		Francis of Hertford I Seymour CONWAY 1st Marquess [Parents] was born 5 Jul 1718.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafg200.htm (228 words)

	Encyclopedia: 1734
		June 12 - James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, illegitimate son of James II of England and French military commander (b.
		Sir James Thornhill (25 July 1675 or 1676 - May 4, 1734) was an English painter of historical subjects, in the Italian baroque tradition.
		James VII and II (14 October 1633â€“16 September 1701) became King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 6 February 1685.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/1734 (2208 words)

	2nd Duke of Ormond James Butler Biography
		James Butler, 2nd duke of Ormonde (April 29, 1665 - November 16, 1745), Irish statesman and soldier, son of Thomas, earl of Ossory, and grandson of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, was born in Dublin and was educated in France and afterwards at Christ Church, Oxford.
		Having succeeded his grandfather as duke of Ormonde in 1688, he joined William of Orange, by whom he was made colonel of a regiment of horse-guards, which he commanded at the Battle of the Boyne.
		In 1691 he served on the continent under William, and after the accession of Queen Anne he became commander of the land forces co-operating with Sir George Rooke in Spain, where he fought in the Battle of Vigo Bay.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Butler_James__2nd_Duke_of_Ormond.html (476 words)

	thePeerage.com - Person Page 10599
		She married James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-Upon-Tweed, son of James II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Arabella Churchill, on 18 April 1700 in Paris, France.
		She married, firstly, Henry FitzJames, Duke of Albemarle, son of James II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Arabella Churchill, on 20 July 1700.
		Henry Waldegrave, 1st Baron Waldegrave of Chewton was born in 1661.
	www.thepeerage.com /p10599.htm (1217 words)

	thePeerage.com - Person Page 10505
		She was the daughter of James II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Mary Beatrice Eleanora Anne Margaret Isabella d'Este.
		James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-Upon-Tweed was born on 21 August 1670 illegitimately.
		James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-Upon-Tweed was educated in College of Juilly, near Meaux, France.
	www.thepeerage.com /p10505.htm (1443 words)

	1670 - Gurupedia
		May 26 - In Dover, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France secretly sign a treaty ending hostilities between their kingdoms.
		James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, illegitimate son of the Duke of York (the later
		James II of England) and later French military commander.
	www.gurupedia.com /1/16/1670.htm (104 words)

	Tatet - James FitzJames 1st Duke of Berwick upon Tweed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		James Pirie of St Andrews is an online shopping retailer of fine china, tableware, crystal and collectables by Border Fine Arts, Edinburgh Crystal, Highland Stoneware, Lilliput Lane, Royal Crown Derby and Royal Doulton.
		: Alternate uses: Duke (disambiguation) The term duke is a title of nobility which refers to the sovereigntysovereign male ruler of a Continental duchy, to a nobleman of the highest grade of the British peerage, or to the highest...
		James may refer to: * Characters from the Bible : St. James the Great or St. James of Santiago de CompostelaCompostela, brother of John the Apostle ; St. James the Less ; James** the Just, brother of Jesus and believed to...
	www.tatet.com /search-James_FitzJames_1st_Duke_of_Berwick_upon_Tweed.html (735 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: 1670 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		May 8 - Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans, English soldier (d.
		August 21 - James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, French military commander (d.
		January 3 - George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, English soldier (b.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=1670 (309 words)

	Vendée bei eLexi - das Onlinelexikon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Sir James Swinburne (February 28,1858-March 30, 1958) was a British electrical engineer and manufacturer.
		James Brady (born August 29, 1940) was Assistant to the President and White House Press Secretary under President Ronald Reagan.
		James Q. Wilson (born May 27, 1931) is a professor emeritus at UCLA.
	www.elexi.de /en/v/ve/vendee.html (649 words)

	Berwick, James FitzJames, duke of
		Berwick, James FitzJames, duke of, 1670–1734, marshal of France; illegitimate son of King James II of England and Arabella Churchill, sister of the duke of Marlborough.
		When his father was dethroned (1688), Berwick took part in the invasion of Ireland (1689) against James's successor William III; the effort was supported by King Louis XIV of France, James's ally.
		After the defeat in Ireland, Berwick fought for France in the War of the Grand Alliance and became (1703) a naturalized Frenchman.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0807279.html (238 words)

	thePeerage.com - Person Page 8736
		He was the son of James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-Upon-Tweed and Anne Bulkeley.
		She married Henry James FitzJames, Duke de Fitzjames, son of James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-Upon-Tweed and Anne Bulkeley, on 10 February 1720.
		She married Charles de Fitzjames, Duc de FitzJames, son of James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-Upon-Tweed and Anne Bulkeley, on 1 February 1741.
	www.thepeerage.com /p8736.htm (680 words)

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