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	James Gillray -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		James Gillray (1757 - June 1, 1815), (The people of Great Britain) British (Someone who parodies in an exaggerated manner) caricaturist, was born at (Click link for more info and facts about Chelsea, London) Chelsea, London.
		The great tact Gillray displays in hitting on the ludicrous side of any subject is only equalled by the exquisite finish of his sketches--the finest of which reach an epic grandeur and (English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace (1608-1674)) Miltonic sublimity of conception.
		James Gillray is buried in the courtyard of St James's Church, in (Click link for more info and facts about Piccadilly) Piccadilly, (The capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center) London.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/ja/james_gillray.htm (1707 words)

	JAMES GILLRAY - LoveToKnow Article on JAMES GILLRAY
		Gillray revenged himself for this utterance by his splendid caricature entitled,- A Connoisseur Examining a Cooper, which he is doing by means of a candle on a save-all ; so that the sketch satirizes at once the kings pretensions to knowledge of art and his miserly habits.
		Gillrays extraordinary industry may be inferred from the fact that nearly 1000 caricatures have been attributed to him; while some consider him the author of 1600 or 1700.
		The great tact Gillray displays in hitting on the ludicrous side of any subject is only equalled by the exquisite finish of his sketchesthe finest of which reach an epic grandeur and Miltonic sublimity of conception.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GI/GILLRAY_JAMES.htm (1254 words)

	TandemNews.com - Print This Story
		James Gillray, the eighteenth century British caricaturist, is not only one of the world's greatest satirists, he practically created the genre of the political cartoon.
		Gillray appealed, of course, to public opinion and was a pioneer in doing so: for he knew that his exposure of abuses and follies (and not merely political ones) would help limit them.
		Gillray's greatness was more than artistic: he proved by example that public opinion could be mobilized for the betterment of society, and that social criticism could be fierce and uncompromising yet also good-natured and hilarious at the same time.
	www.tandemnews.com /printer.php?storyid=2855 (835 words)

	James Gillray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		James Gillray (1757 - June 1, 1815), British caricaturist, was born at Chelsea.
		The great tact Gillray displays in hitting on the ludicrous side of any subject is only equalled by the exquisite finish of his sketches--the finest of which reach an epic grandeur and Miltonicic sublimity of conception.
		A somewhat bitter attack, not only on Gillray's character, but even on his genius, appeared in the Athenaewm for October 1, 1831, which was successfully refuted by John Landseer in the Athenaeum a fortnight later.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/james_gillray (1319 words)

	James Gillray (1756 - 1815): Mostly Maps
		James Gillray was born on 13th.August 1756 and was the only one of his parents' five children to survive childhood.
		Gillray's father, a Scot, had become a member of an austere and strict evangelical sect called the Moravian Brotherhood and in 1749 had been appointed sexton of the Moravian Chapel in Chelsea.
		Gillray had also become expert and innovative in the techniques of etching and engraving and by 1790 there was an abundance of material upon which Gillray was able to exercise this expertise.
	www.mostlymaps.com /reference/Caricatures/james-gillray.php (1004 words)

	James Gillray
		James Gillray was the son of James Gillray, a soldier from Lanark in Scotland, who had lost his right arm at the Battle of Fontenoy.
		James Gillray married Jane Coleman, and James was born in Chelsea on 13th August, 1757.
		James Gillray appears to have held liberal views in his youth but after 1793 he became a supporter of William Pitt and the Tories.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /PRgillray.htm (735 words)

	NYPL, James Gillray
		The golden age of English caricature, extending from the late 1770s to the second decade of the nineteenth century, encompasses the life of its leading exponent, James Gillray (1756–1815), who contributed in no small measure to the brilliance and audacity of the political, personal, and social satires of this period.
		Gillray subjected all the key political figures of his day, along with the King, Queen, Prince of Wales, and assorted aristocracy, to his witty, telling, and often outrageous exaggerations, elaborations, and confabulations and, in the process, transformed the then new genre of personal caricature into high art.
		Many of the Gillray prints and all of the drawings, including the very rare and highly fragile preparatory sketches on tracing paper, received the conservation treatment necessary for their exhibition and long-term preservation thanks to the generous support of Leonard L. Milberg, a loyal and enlightened benefactor of The New York Public Library.
	www.nypl.org /research/chss/spe/art/print/exhibits/gillray (657 words)

	Tate Britain \| Past Exhibitions \| James Gillray: The Art of Caricature
		Gillray knew that his caricatures would be seen against such formal and flattering portrayals, and was not afraid wickedly to exaggerate the King's appearance and his behaviour.
		Gillray's caricatures present a striking contrast to the official imagery of Napoleon as a gloriously heroic leader, often covered in medals.
		Gillray, on the other hand, made the most of Fox's paunchy, untidy appearance, swarthy skin and shaggy fl eyebrows, as well as his reputation for being a hard-drinking gambler; in the image on the left Fox appears almost mad, but he was in fact a man of extraordinary charm, intelligence and good temper.
	www.tate.org.uk /britain/exhibitions/gillray/quiz.htm (829 words)

	The Independent (London, England): BITING SATIRE; James Gillray was the demon cartoonist who sank his fangs into the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Independent (London, England): BITING SATIRE; James Gillray was the demon cartoonist who sank his fangs into the soft flesh of the 18th-century Establishment.
		BITING SATIRE; James Gillray was the demon cartoonist who sank his fangs into the soft flesh of the 18th-century Establishment.
		James Gillray died, incurably insane, on 1 June 1815.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:75077364&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (267 words)

	Tate Britain \| Past Exhibitions \| James Gillray: The Art of Caricature
		Gillray's targets range from lecherous men to amateur actors and musicians, and include the passion for art collecting as well as sex and gambling; all are exposed with great wit and graphic invention but also unrelenting cruelty.
		Gillray's caricatures of the hapless George III and his family are some of his most famous prints.
		Instead, the King sent impressions of Gillray's prints to the University of Guttingen in Hanover, founded by his grandfather, whilst the Prince of Wales was one of Gillray's major clients.
	www.tate.org.uk /britain/exhibitions/gillray/society.htm (298 words)

	Giornale Nuovo: Gillray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		James Gillray (1756-1815) was one of the first professional caricaturists, an artist whose command of satire and master-draughtsmanship helped found...
		James Gillray (1756-1815) was one of the first professional caricaturists, an artist whose command of satire and master-draughtsmanship helped found the tradition of the political cartoon.
		Gillray began selling his first caricatures while still a student: ‘At first the most noteworthy were concerned with the brothel and the privy, but politics gradually began to intrude.’ To begin with, it seems that Gillray considered his caricatures to be an interim money-earner, while he pursued more serious artistic goals.
	www.spamula.net /blog/archives/000326.html (689 words)

	Comic Art in Eighteenth-Century England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		James Gillray, born in London on August 13, 1757, is widely considered to be one of the greatest cartoonists of eighteenth-century England.
		Despite the unattractiveness of his characters, Gillray was a master cartoonist, and, at least from an artist’s perspective, his work could even be called beautiful.
		James Gillray lived during the reign of George III during the French Revolution, and one of his primary targets was Napoleon, whom he nicknamed “Boney.” However, he was not a part of either the Whig or the Tory party.
	www.umich.edu /~ece/student_projects/comicart (4192 words)

	Childs Gallery: Gillray, James: Biography
		The work of James Gillray exemplifies the golden age of English political caricature, spanning from the start of the American Revolution through the four decades that followed.
		Gillray was born in the London neighborhood of Chelsea on August 13th, 1756 to James and Jane Gillray.
		Gillray was accepted to the Royal Academy in 1778 and by the 1780s he was consistently producing and including his signature in engravings for novels and political portraits.
	www.childsgallery.com /artist_bio.php?artist_id=1468 (718 words)

	James Gillray (1757 - 1815) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Gillray was also an alcoholic who suffered from insanity from 1810 to his death five years later.
		James Gillray, The Reception of the Diplomatique and his Suite, at the Court of Pekin, 1792
		This exhibition sets out to re-examine Gillrays art, through a selection of the finest impressions of his caricatures, almost all of which are examples of the hand-colouring applied at the time they were produced, alongside a...
	wwar.com /masters/g/gillray-james.html (752 words)

	Sweeney Art Gallery \| Collection \| James Gillray
		A southern California audience in 1996/7 is light-years removed from the concerns expressed by Gillray, but the point is easily explained, and in some ways illustrates the most mundane of matters; parents often find their offspring to be less than they might have hoped.
		Two of the golden ladles in Gillray’s caricature are labeled with these sums which are put in perspective by remembering that a typical working family at the time made about £75 in a good year.
		And certainly Gillray was anti-monarchical when he perceived the monarchy behaving in ways he thought harmful to the country, which meant virtually every move made by the Prince of Wales.
	sweeney.ucr.edu /gallery/collection/gillray.html (1100 words)

	[No title]
		James Gillray (1757-1815) was without question the most important caricaturist of the Romantic period.
		All the same, it could never be said that Gillray gave the conservatives an easy ride; he was just as brutal about Pitt and the royal family as about radicals and their ilk.
		Where other caricaturists often portrayed the gout-sufferer surrounded by healthy young ladies, so as to emphasize their plight, Gillray homes in on the inflamed toe, brutally depicting it for what it was, a demon with a pointed tail ready to assail its victim with an even greater pain that it could inflict with its fangs.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~scat1492/gillray.htm (996 words)

	James Gillray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The name of Gillray's publisher and printseller, Miss Hannah Humphrey--whose shop was first at 227 Strand, then in New BondStreet, then in Old Bond Street, and finally in St James's Street--is inextricably associated with that of the caricaturist.Gillray lived with Miss (often called Mrs) Humphrey during all the period of his fame.
		The excesses of the French Revolution made Gillrayconservative; and he issued caricature after caricature, ridiculing the French and Napoleon, and glorifying John Bull, He is not, however, to bethought of as a keen political adherent of either the Whig or the Tory party; he dealt his blows pretty freely all round.
		A somewhat bitter attack, not only on Gillray's character, but even on his genius, appeared in the Athenaewmfor October 1, 1831, which was successfully refuted by John Landseer in the Athenaeuma fortnight later.
	www.therfcc.org /james-gillray-243455.html (1094 words)

	University of York - Centre for Eighteenth-Century Studies - A DEMOCRAT, or REASON & PHILOSOPHY, by James Gillray, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This print is by the satirist James Gillray, and was published on the 1st March 1793.
		Gillray's conservative satire portrays Fox as a bloodstained revolutionary linked by association with Parisian violence, suggested here as the inevitable consequence of the principles of the Enlightenment, of democracy and rationalism.
		Gillray is pretending that Fox was a 'democrat' in the sense of favouring universal manhood suffrage, or at least a wide extension of the right to vote, though Fox never advocated such extension, nor was he hostile to hereditary monarchy.
	www.york.ac.uk /inst/cecs/cjfox.htm (400 words)

	James Gillray cartoons still fascinate - (United Press International) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gillray was one of the most popular and trenchant political cartoonists of his day (1756-1815), producing etchings aquatinted by hand that lampooned almost anyone worth making fun of in public life.
		Since Gillray was a sort of journalist dealing with current events of the late 18th century's Age of Enlightenment, the subjects of his satire would not be clear to most exhibition viewers if it were not for the substantial labels supplied by Roberta Waddell, the library's curator of prints.
		James Gillray's art is still arresting, although at times mystifying as to meaning, and deserves the attention it is getting at the library's main building at Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street.
	www.washtimes.com /upi-breaking/20050126-073034-1613r.htm (705 words)

	AllRefer.com - James Gillray (European Art, 1600 To The Present, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - James Gillray (European Art, 1600 To The Present, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		James Gillray, European Art, 1600 To The Present, Biographies
		James Gillray[gil´rA] Pronunciation Key, 1757–1815, English caricaturist and illustrator.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Gillray.html (225 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - James Gillray
		Gillray, James (1757-1815), English caricaturist, one of the fathers of political cartooning.
		James (saints), name of three saints, figures in the 1st-century Christian church.
		James (book of Bible), book of the New Testament, one of seven New Testament Epistles that are known collectively as the Catholic, or General,...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /James_Gillray.html (102 words)

	Medicine in Graphic satire_Gillray
		James Gillray, known for his biting, ironic style, is considered to be the first professional caricaturist in Britain.
		Gillray, true to the form of caricature, exaggerates the size of the woman's features and the knife she uses to rid herself of corns.
		Addington, the son of a physician, was known as "The Doctor." Gillray compares the effectiveness of Addington's policies to that of bleeding a patient.
	www.countway.med.harvard.edu /rarebooks/exhibits/satires/page_3.html (396 words)

	Gillray, James
		A cartoon by the English caricaturist James Gillray, 24 October 1798.
		Caricature by James Gillray depicting George III as the king of Brobdignag scrutinizing Napoleon as Gulliver, based on a scene in Swift's Gulliver's Travels.
		Initially a letter engraver and actor, he was encouraged to become a caricaturist by the works of William Hogarth, and he was celebrated for his coloured etchings, directed against the French and the English court.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0001502.html (245 words)

	Gillray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gillray’s now famous portrayals of George III, Napoleon and a host of many others were created for this publisher.
		It was, in fact, Gillray’s delightful invention of Napoleon as a ‘manic midget’ that was crucial in forming public opinion against his aggressive military activities.
		Because of the importance of Gillray’s art many of his etched plates were reprinted later in the nineteenth century.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/G/Gillray/Gillray.htm (292 words)

	Comic creator: James Gillray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		James Gillray is best known as a caricaturist and cartoonist.
		Gillray's nonpolitical cartoons include 'A Pic Nic Orchestra', 'Cookney Sportsman', 'Elements of Skating' and 'The Rake's Progress at the University', among others.
		Soon afterwards, James Gillray sank into a state of early senility and died in 1815.
	www.lambiek.net /gillray_james.htm (206 words)

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