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	James Hall (Geologist) - LoveToKnow 1911
		JAMES HALL (1811-1898), American geologist and palaeontologist, was born at Hingham, Massachusetts, on the 12th of September 1811.
		In early life he became attached to the study of natural history, and he completed his education at the polytechnic institute at Troy in New York, where he graduated in 1832, and afterwards became professor of chemistry and natural science, and subsequently of geology.
		In 1836 he was appointed one of the geologists on the Geological Survey of the state of New York, and he was before long charged with the palaeontological work.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /James_Hall_(Geologist) (343 words)

	Geology - MSN Encarta
		Others, such as English naturalists James Hutton and John Playfair, argued that basalt and granite were igneous rocks, solidified from molten materials, such as lava and magma.
		American geologists James Hall and James Dwight Dana proposed the geosynclinal theory of mountain building—a theory based on the downward bending of the earth’s crust (a geosyncline).
		Hall, Dana, and Suess believed that continents and ocean basins were ancient, permanent features on earth and that mountain belts formed at their edges.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555455_7/Geology.html (1707 words)

	Sir James Hall - LoveToKnow 1911
		SIR JAMES HALL (1761-1832), Scottish geologist and physicist, eldest son of Sir John Hall, Bart., was born at Dunglass on the 17th of January 1761; and became distinguished as the first to establish experimental research as an aid to geological investigation.
		He was intimately acquainted with James Hutton and John Playf air, and having studied rocks in various parts of Europe he was eventually led to accept and to demonstrate the truth of Hutton's views with regard to intrusive rocks.
		His eldest son, John Hall (1787-1860), who succeeded him, was a Fellow of the Royal Society; the second son, Captain Basil Hall, was the distinguished traveller; the third son, James Hall (1800-1854), was a painter, art-patron, and a friend of Sir David Wilkie.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HA/HALL_SIR_JAMES.htm (286 words)

	James Hall, 4th Baronet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hall studied at Cambridge University and the University of Edinburgh.
		Hall traveled extensively in Europe to examine geological formations of the Alps and Mount Etna.
		His son, Basil Hall, was a noted traveler and writer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Hall_(geologist) (266 words)

	James Hall (paleontologist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1837 Hall was appointed the chief of one of the districts of the New York Geological Survey.
		Hall was later state geologist for Iowa (1855 - 1858) and Wisconsin.
		Hall married in 1838 Sarah Aikin, the daughter of a Troy lawyer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Hall_(paleontologist) (301 words)

	James Hall
		On the organization of the geological survey of New York in 1836, he was appointed assistant geologist of the second district, and in 1837 was made state geologist in charge of the fourth district.
		In 1840 he was one of the founders of the American association of geologists and naturalists, and after its growth into the American association for the advancement of science was elected president in 1856, delivering his retiring address, on "Contributions to the Geological History of the American Continent," at the Montreal meeting in 1857.
		In 1876 he was one of the founders of the International congress of geologists, and was one of the vice presidents at the session held in Paris in 1878, also in Bologna in 1881, and in Berlin in 1885.
	www.famousamericans.net /jameshall1 (919 words)

	Hall, James (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Scottish geologist, one of the founders of experimental geology.
		Hall set out to prove his friend Hutton's 'Plutonist' geological theories (the view that heat rather than water was the chief rock-building agent and shaper of the Earth's crust).
		Hall also demonstrated that there was a degree of interconvertibility between basaltine and granitic rocks; and that, even though subjected to immense heat, limestone would not decompose if sustained under suitable pressure.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/H/HallJ/1.html (160 words)

	Hall, James - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		HALL, JAMES [Hall, James] 1811-98, American geologist and paleontologist, b.
		He also served briefly as state geologist for Iowa and Wisconsin and was director (1866-94) of the New York State Museum at Albany.
		The Prince Hall Masons and the African American Church: The Labors of Grand Master and Bishop James Walker Hood, 1831-1918.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-hall-jam.html (361 words)

	James Hall Biography \| World of Scientific Discovery
		Hall's first reaction to Hutton's controversial book was unfavorable, but after numerous conversations with the author, he became convinced of the validity of Hutton's theories.
		Hall reinforced the Vulcanists' ideas, and during the next seven years he completed over 500 separate experiments, including attempts to learn how rocks become deformed by the application of pressure.
		For this reason, Hall is considered to be the founder of experimental geology and geochemistry.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/james-hall-wsd (478 words)

	Hutton_James biography
		First his remarkable theory of the age of the Earth was inspired by Newton's world view as presented in the teaching of Colin Maclaurin, and second that one of his main collaborators in his geological research was John Playfair.
		James was born into a wealthy family for his father William was a merchant who held the office of Edinburgh city treasurer.
		One such expedition was in the summer of 1788 when Hutton, Playfair, and Sir James Hall sailed down the North Sea coast of Scotland viewing the exposed rock formations in the cliffs.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Biographies/Hutton_James.html (2035 words)

	friedman
		Hall hypothesized that the subsidence of the strata within a trough, where they would be extra thick, provided the mechanism for folding them (Friedman and Sanders, 1978, p.
		Hall became known as father of American stratigraphy and similarly, father of American paleontology.
		Hall was cofounder of the Amedrican Association of Geologists, the predecessor of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
	gsahist.org /gsat2/gt0101_28_29.htm (1110 words)

	James Hall (geologist)
		Sir James Hall, 4th Baronet (January 17, 1761 - June 23, 1832) was a geologist and geophysicist, born in Dunglass, Scotland.
		He was particularly taken by James Hutton's theory of the earth during the 1780s and 1790s and this led him to publish several papers on the chemical composition of strata.
		In particular, he carried out research on granite that showed that it was possible for molten rock to form non-conformities.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/James_Hall_(geologist) (282 words)

	Golden Era
		James Hall, previously introduced in the discussion of the Seward Surveys, contributed greatly to the advancement of research on Trenton Falls during his tenure as State Paleontologist.
		James Hall was named second State Paleontologist of the State of New York in 1843, although he had not yet completed his final report on the survey of the Fourth Geological District.
		While assistant to Hall, Walcott published independently his "Preliminary Notice of the Discovery of the Remains of the Natatory and Branchial appendages of Trilobites" (Walcott, 1877), and was among the first to document the presence of appendages in trilobites.
	www.mcz.harvard.edu /Departments/InvertPaleo/Trenton/Intro/GeologyPage/castofgeologists/goldenera.htm (4969 words)

	Alumni Hall of Fame: James Hall
		The chief American invertebrate paleontologist of his era, James Hall is considered among the great American scientists of the 19th century.
		He established surveys in several states and was named New York state geologist in 1893, a position created especially for him.
		Hall was a founder of the American Association of Geologists (the predecessor of the American Association for the Advancement of Science) and the International Congress of Geologists.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/NewsComm/sub/fame/inductees/jameshall.html (163 words)

	History of the State Geological Survey of Iowa
		Hall's friend Josiah D. Whitney of Massachusetts (subsequently State Geologist of California) was named as Chemist and Mineralogist, and Amos H. Worthen (subsequently State Geologist of Illinois) was engaged as an Assistant in paleontology.
		(This Board was dissolved in December 1980, and the State Geologist was to be appointed directly by the Governor.) The Board was composed of the Governor, the State Auditor, and the presidents of Iowa State University, the University of Iowa, and the Iowa Academy of Science.
		Samuel J. Tuthill's career as State Geologist and Director began in 1969 and is notable for the creative application of the Survey's traditional research and service functions to the resource, environmental, and energy issues that faced Iowa in the early 1970s.
	www.igsb.uiowa.edu /about/history/history.htm (4892 words)

	Seward Surveys
		After graduating, James Hall was retained by the school and his mentor to teach chemistry and natural sciences, and after only four years was promoted to full professor of geology.
		As chief geologist of the fourth district, James Hall clearly recognized the need for the Geologic Survey, and demanded that work continue on the rock and fossil specimens that were curated during the district surveys.
		Perhaps the most significant contribution Hall made to the study of the geology and paleontology of Trenton Falls, was his role in fostering the education and professional development of Charles Doolittle Walcott.
	www.mcz.harvard.edu /Departments/InvertPaleo/Trenton/Intro/GeologyPage/castofgeologists/sewardsurvey.htm (1855 words)

	James Hall - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sir James Hall, Scots geologist and geophysicist (1761 - 1832).
		James Hall, American geologist and paleontologist (1811 - 1898).
		James Norman Hall, American author (1887 - 1951).
	www.godseye.com /stat/en/j/a/m/James_Hall_62d6.html (117 words)

	Hall's Sketches of the Portage Falls, 1843
		James Hall became a highly acclaimed geologist at a time when geology was in its infancy and when many of its modern principles were just being formulated.
		Hall apparently accompanied her husband on one or more of these trips.
		Mr Hall's work was recognized in the form of a plaque that once was mounted on the rock surface near the top of Eagle Hill that illustrates the rock strata of the gorge.
	www.letchworthparkhistory.com /halls.html (1289 words)

	USC Sequence Stratigraphy - Historical Perspective on development of Plate tectonics
		Prior to this time, the state of New York's geologist James Hall had erroneously ascribed the fill of the Appalachian geosynclines to vertical movement alone.
		Later Eduard Suess an Austrian geologist proposed in "The Origin of the Alps" (1857) that the coasts of Africa and South America matched and also wrote that horizontal movement of the lithosphere, rather than vertical uplift formed mountain ranges by folding and thrust faulting.
		Geologists like DuToit, who worked in the Southern Hemisphere and the Indian subcontinent supported Wegener's position, however it was largely dismissed in Western Europe and the USA because Wegener's theory lacked a plausible mechanism to explain how the continents to moved (Dott and Batton 1976).
	strata.geol.sc.edu /history/tectonics.html (793 words)

	GO BRITANNIA! Scotland: Great Scots of Note
		From Dunglass, now in East Lothian, Hall earned his place for his travels to the United States, South America and Asia, all of which were well documented, providing valuable information about the various countries visited.
		Also from Dunglass, East Lothian was James Hall, geologist and physicist, who contributed a great deal to our knowledge of rock formations.
		Hall's experimental testing of fellow Scottish geologist James Hutton's theories concerning the nature of igneous rocks led him to the conclusion that igneous rocks had been produced by intense heat.
	www.britannia.com /celtic/scotland/greatscots/h1.html (2648 words)

	HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-... - Online Information article about HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-...
		JAMES (1761-1832), Scottish geologist and physicist, eldest son of Sir See also:
		Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf.
		Basil Hall (q.v.), was the distinguished traveller; the third son, James Hall (1800–18J4), was a painter, See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GUI_HAN/HALL_SIR_JAMES_1761_1832_.html (472 words)

	Stanton. American Scientific Exploration, 1836-1844
		A geologist, mineralogist, and chemist of distinction, he discovered the anesthetic properties of ether, for which he was much decorated by foreign governments, and the telegraphic possibilities of electricity.
		Hall played an active role in the formation of the American Association of Geologists and Naturalists and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was an original member of the National Academy of Sciences.
		James Hall wrote up the geology and paleontology, Torrey the botany, and J.W. Bailey (United States Exploring Expedition, 1838) the infusoria.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/guides/stanton/3644.htm (11600 words)

	HALL, JAMES (1811–1898) - Online Information article about HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
		HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
		HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf.
		In 1836 he was appointed one of the geologists on the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GUI_HAN/HALL_JAMES_18111898_.html (494 words)

	Stanton. American Scientific Exploration, 1850-1855
		He was Mississippi state geologist, 1858-66, and afterward professor of geology and natural history at the University of Michigan and of agricultural chemistry and botany at the University of California.
		Appointed state geologist in 1853, Edward Daniels, described as a "political apothecary" and no geologist, commenced the survey with the assistance of I. Lapham (Ohio Geological Survey, 1837), but was soon supplanted by J.G. Percival (Connecticut Geological Survey, 1835).
		On Percival's death in 1856, James Hall, Ezra S. Carr (1819-1894) and Daniels were appointed commissioners and remained in control until 1860, when Hall, assisted by J.D. Whitney (New Hampshire Geological Survey, 1839) and Charles Whittlesey (Ohio Geological Survey, 1837), took over as superintendent.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/guides/stanton/5055.htm (8231 words)

	Botany - Goat Island Complex - Niagara Falls
		Hall also mentioned the stratum of shell-bearing sediment which "thins entirely out at its southeastern extremity" (Hall, 1843).
		The brink of the falls became lower with recession, and the river channel in the gorge deepened in places with a corresponding lowering in the height of the river, exposing the old beaches with their shells at Goat Island and associated terraces on the Canadian and American mainlands (Tesmer, 1981).
		Later, "the old and useless structures that were in the old gravel pit have been removed and the pit is being filled in." "The old gravel pit near the spring has been graded and is now in condition to receive the barn and proposed labor centre" 29 Ann Rep Comm, 1913.
	www.mobot.org /plantscience/ResBot/flor/Bot_Goat/14_Sedim.htm (3891 words)

	James Hall — Infoplease.com
		Hall, James, 1811–98, American geologist and paleontologist, b.
		Giving them precisely what they asked for: spar wholesaler James Hall is in fine voice as it strives to eliminate out of stocks.
		MUSIC NOTES EARWORTHY.(Ruth Brown and Etta James are both members of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; their work is discussed)(Brief......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0822439.html (266 words)

	Dunglass Church 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A geologist and chemist He was the first geologist directly to apply the test of laboratory experiment to geological hypotheses, was born in 1761, being the eldest son of Sir John, third baronet of Dunglass, Haddingtonshire, by Magdalen, daughter of Sir Robert Pringle, bart.
		From 1807 to 1812 Hall represented the borough of Michael or Mitchell, Cornwall, in parliament.
		By her Hall had three sons and three daughters; the eldest son, John (1787-1860), fifth baronet, was F.R.S. (With grateful thanks to the DNB).
	www.rosslyntemplars.org.uk /dunglass_10.htm (398 words)

	The Geology of Ohio--The Devonian
		This dark-gray shale was exposed in a highwall in the France Stone Company's Holland Quarry when it was discovered by J. Ernest Carman of The Ohio State University during the course of mapping Lucas County for the Survey in the 1920's.
		New York State Geologist James Hall in 1843 referred to the Middle Devonian limestones of Ohio as the "Corniferous Limestone," correlating them with carbonate rocks of that name in New York State.
		In 1878, Edward Orton, Ohio's third State Geologist (1878-1899), formally divided this limestone sequence into the Columbus Limestone and the overlying Delaware Limestone, subdivisions that are still used.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /geosurvey/oh_geol/99_No_1/devonian1.htm (1111 words)

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