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	James Madison - MSN Encarta
		Madison was the eldest child of James and Eleanor Conway Madison.
		In 1776 Madison was elected a delegate to the Virginia constitutional convention.
		Madison wrote the article of the declaration of rights that asserted the right of all “to the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience.” However, it was not until 1786 that, through Madison’s leadership, the Virginia legislature enacted Jefferson’s monumental Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576510/Madison_James.html (1193 words)

	Welcome to The American Presidency
		James Madison himself, however, lived all his life in Orange county on a 5,000-acre (2,000-hectare) plantation that produced tobacco and grains and was worked by perhaps 100 slaves.
		Madison argued that an enlarged, strengthened national government, far from being the path to despotism its opponents feared, was in fact the surest way to protect freedom and expand the principle of self-government.
		Madison and Jefferson viewed republican government as resting on the virtues of the people, sustained by the self-reliance of an agricultural economy and the benefits of public education, with government itself remaining "mild" and responsive to grass-roots impulses.
	ap.grolier.com /article?assetid=0256610-00&templatename=/article/article.html (3799 words)

	James Madison "Godfather of the Constitution" - The Early America Review, Summer 1997
		In particular Madison and others had been dismayed by the threat to property rights that was posed when a majority of debtors would join forces and prevail upon their legislatures to pass laws protecting them from the debts they owed creditors.
		Madison's point, which was later fleshed out in letters to Jefferson and George Washington, and finally in Federalist 10, was that in a larger republic there was much less likelihood of the tyranny of the majority that had wreaked such havoc under the old Articles.
		Madison's language, that Congress would have the power to declare war, while the executive would have the power to wage war, seemed the most practical solution and remained true to the respective roles that the convention had envisioned for each of the two branches.
	www.earlyamerica.com /review/summer97/madison.html (4369 words)

	Wikinfo \| James Madison
		James Madison (March 16, 1751 - June 28, 1836) was the fourth (1809-1817) President of the United States.
		His parents Colonel James Madison, Sr (March 27, 1723 - February 27, 1801) and Eleanor Rose "Nellie" Conway (January 9, 1731 - February 11, 1829) were the prosperous owners of the tobacco plantation in Orange County, Virginia where James spent most of his childhood years.
		Madison's arguments were powerfully influenced by the political thought of Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=James_Madison (884 words)

	Internet Public Library: POTUS
		Biography focusing on Madison's contribution to the Constitution of the United States.
		Madison was the first president to wear long trousers.
		During the War of 1812 Madison was under enemy fire.
	www.ipl.org /div/potus/jmadison.html (408 words)

	Welcome to The American Presidency
		James Madison was the foremost architect of the U.S. Constitution, a leading theorist of republican government, and the fourth president of the United States (1809–17).
		Madison was born at Port Conway, Va., on Mar. 16, 1751, into a family that had been in Virginia since the mid-17th century.
		Madison thus depended all his life on a system of slavery that he was never able to reconcile with his republican ideals.
	ap.grolier.com /article?assetid=0181210-0&templatename=/article/article.html (1518 words)

	Madison, James. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Yet, although modern historians have demonstrated the conservative nature of the Constitution and its founders, Madison was an opponent of the policies of the conservative wing in the Washington administration, a steadfast enemy of Alexander Hamilton and his financial measures, and a supporter of Thomas Jefferson.
		Madison, accepting an ambiguous French statement as a bona fide revocation of the Napoleonic decrees on trade, reinstated the trade embargo with Great Britain, an act that helped bring on the War of 1812.
		Madison’s War.” Even the friends of the President and the promoters of the war grew discouraged as the fighting went badly.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/MadisonJ.html (842 words)

	James Madison
		In 1776 and 1777 Madison served as a delegate to the Virginia Convention.
		From 1789-1797, Madison was a Virginian Representative to the House.
		Madison was a strong supporter of the Jeffersonian view of a strict interpretation of the Constitution and argued vehemently against Hamilton's view of implied powers for the President.
	www.multied.com /Bio/presidents/madison.html (592 words)

	USA: James Madison
		In 1780 Madison was chosen to represent Virginia in the Continental Congress (1780-83 and 1786-88).
		Madison, who was rarely absent and whose Virginia Plan was in large part the basis of the Constitution, tirelessly advocated a strong government, though many of his proposals were rejected.
		In New York, where Madison was serving in the Continental Congress, he collaborated with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay in a series of essays that in 1787-88 appeared in the newspapers and were soon published in book form as The Federalist (1788).
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/P/jm4/about/madison.htm (906 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		MADISON, James (1751–1836), fourth president of the U.S. Known as the father of the Constitution because of his central role in the Constitutional Convention, he was one of the founders of the Jeffersonian Republican party in the 1790s, and he served as secretary of state (1801–9) under Thomas Jefferson.
		Madison was born in Westmoreland Co., Va., on March 16, 1751, the son of a wealthy planter.
		Although he was the youngest member, Madison quickly rose to a position of leadership, working unsuccessfully, along with Alexander Hamilton and others, to strengthen the central government by giving Congress power to tax and to regulate trade.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/presidents/madison_james.html (976 words)

	Papers of James Madison, University of Virginia
		Madison lost the election for the 1777 session of the House of Delegates, purportedly because he refused to provide liquor for the voters, a tradition affectionately referred to as "swilling the planters with bumbo." However, his good offices in the legislature were not forgotten.
		Madison took a leading role in shaping the Constitution that emerged and kept notes of the proceedings that are the most complete record of the debates.
		As secretary of state, Madison was charged with a host of duties besides the conduct of American foreign policy, ranging from publishing and distributing the public laws to serving as liaison between the federal government and the governors of the states and territories.
	www.virginia.edu /pjm/biography1.htm (1991 words)

	The American Revolution (James Madison)
		Before his presidency, James Madison was considered by many to be a puppet to Thomas Jefferson who was pulling the strings during the creation of the Constitution.
		At his inauguration, James Madison, a small, wizened man, appeared old and worn; Washington Irving described him as "but a withered little apple-John." But whatever his deficiencies in charm, Madison's buxom wife Dolley compensated for them with her warmth and gaiety.
		Madison's life-long home and the home that he and his wife Dolley shared during their marriage - and I can promise you that Dr. Ketcham's well-worn, tabbed (it looks like a porcupine) book is our 'bible' when it comes to James Madison.
	theamericanrevolution.org /ipeople/jmadiso.asp (970 words)

	James Madison
		James Madison was the foremost architect of the U.S. Constitution, a leading theorist of republican government, and the fourth president of the United States (1809-17).
		Serving in the new House of Representatives from 1789, Madison sponsored the Bill of Rights and became one of the chief advisors of President George Washington in inaugurating the new government.
		Seeing these acts as a severe threat to free government, Madison subsequently argued that a free press was responsible "for all the triumphs which have been gained by reason and humanity over error and oppression." In 1799-1800, he served in the Virginia legislature.
	www.americanrevwar.homestead.com /files/MADISON.HTM (1557 words)

	The Federalist; Biography of Madison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Madison commented in his private notes that "It seemed now to be pretty well understood that the real difference lay, not between the large and small but between the N. and Southn.
		Madison was the author of the Virginia Resolutions, a protest of these acts and an effort to overrule their effect at the state level.
		Madison lost many of his followers in the War of 1812, for he was essentially a man of peace and not very successful as a war president; he was, however, re-elected for a second term a few months after war was declared.
	www.leftjustified.com /leftjust/lib/sc/ht/fed/mbio.html (2559 words)

	Madison, James, Jr.,
		Madison, James, Jr., 1771 (1751-1836), statesman and political philosopher, should, by tradition, have attended the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg.
		Madison's 10th Federalist, which overturned conventional arguments about the dangers of an extended republic and provided an analysis of the social bases of political factions and a plan to check their worst effects, alone worked a revolution in political theory and is rightly considered a classic expression of American thought.
		Madison's greatest contribution to the nation's history was his ability to translate theory into institutions and norms.
	etcweb.princeton.edu /CampusWWW/Companion/madison_james.html (1344 words)

	American President
		Madison led the Virginia delegation to the Philadelphia meeting, which began on May 14, 1787, and supported the cry for General Washington to chair the meeting.
		Indeed, Madison was the official primarily responsible for the administration's foreign policy, emerging from behind the scenes in 1808 to succeed Jefferson as the fourth President of the United States.
		Madison's critics, who organized the Hartford Convention to protest his policies, looked like traitors to the victorious nation, and their antiwar criticism further weakened the Federalist Party.
	www.americanpresident.org /history/jamesmadison (991 words)

	THE JAMES MADISON MEMORIAL BUILDING - On These Walls: Inscriptions and Quotations in the Buildings of the Library of ...
		The Madison Building serves both as the Library's third major structure and as this nation's official memorial to James Madison, the "father" of the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights and the fourth president of the United States.
		In 1815, Madison was president of the United States and a keen observer when the library of his close personal friend and collaborator, Thomas Jefferson, became the foundation of a renewed Library of Congress.
		This quotation from James Madison about the importance of knowledge is on the exterior wall on the left side of the James Madison Memorial Building entrance.
	www.loc.gov /loc/walls/madison.html (1153 words)

	Amazon.com: James Madison: A Biography: Books: Ralph Ketcham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Madison lived in passionate times and he played a leading role in the development and ratification of the Constitution (including a head-to-head struggle with the great Patrick Henry in the Virginia ratifying convention) and then in stoking the flames of bitter partisanship with his erstwhile collaborator, Alexander Hamilton, and the Washington Administration.
		Madison is the author of the US Constitution, the Federalist Papers, some of Washington's most famous speeches, much of the Bill of Rights, and he was perhaps the deepest thinker of the Founding Fathers.
		Madison's contributions to the US prior to being elected president were so substantial that had he never been president, he would still rank with the most important of all of our leaders.
	www.amazon.com /James-Madison-Biography-Ralph-Ketcham/dp/0813912652 (2242 words)

	James Madison
		Madison was influential in the Constitutional Convention as leader of the group favoring a strong central government and as recorder of the debates; and he subsequently wrote, in collaboration with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the
		Madison's domestic program capitulated to the Hamiltonian policies that he had resisted 20 years before and he now signed bills to establish a United States Bank and a higher tariff.
		James MADISON - MADISON, James (1751—1836) MADISON, James, a Delegate and a Representative from Virginia and...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0760589.html (494 words)

	Amazon.com: James Madison: Writings: Writings 1772-1836 (Library of America): Books: James Madison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		James Madison (1751-1836) was a prominent participant in the American Revolution and the framing of the U.S. Constitution and also served as Secretary of State and President of the United States.
		Madison and Jefferson spoke for what has become the Democratic Party (the "democracy) with its emphasis at the time on individual rights and participatory democracy and a narrow reading of Federal power while Hamilton became the spokseman for a strong central government and for economic development.
		In this 250 th year of Madison's birth and considering the recent scholarship by Rakove, Banning, McCoy, Rosen,and Mattern, the time may have arrived for Madison to be transformed from a forgotten lieutenant, or a keeper of arcanum, to a state of appreciation by all.
	www.amazon.com /James-Madison-Writings-1772-1836-Library/dp/1883011663 (2512 words)

	USA-Presidents.Info - James Madison
		James Madison (March 16, 1751 - June 28, 1836) was the fourth (1809 - 1817) President of the United States.
		Madison made a major contribution to the ratification of the Constitution by writing, with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the Federalist essays.
		As President Jefferson's Secretary of State, Madison protested to warring France and Britain that their seizure of American ships was contrary to international law.
	www.usa-presidents.info /madison.htm (661 words)

	James Madison - a Mainstream Revolutionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		James Madison was twice elected President of the United States.
		Madison's second inauguration was on March 4th, 1813.
		During 1787 and 1788 Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay wrote a series of articles all being the pen-name "Publius".
	www.matisse.net /files/madison.html (257 words)

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