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	James Smithson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		James Smithson, FRS, MA (1765 – June 27, 1829) was a British mineralogist and chemist noted for having left a bequest in his will to the United States of America, which was used to fund the Smithsonian Institution.
		James Smithson was the illegitimate son of Sir Hugh Smithson, later known as Sir Hugh Percy, Baronet, 1st Duke of Northumberland, K.G., and Elizabeth Hungerford Keate, and was born in 1765 in France.
		Smithson died in 1829, in the Italian city of Genoa, and his body was interred in a tomb in the Protestant Cemetery there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Smithson (598 words)

	Bailey family of Gloucestershire and related surnames - pafg03 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Margaret Smithson was born Abt 1858 in Hulme, Manchester.
		James Smithson was born Abt 1863 in Salford.
		Hannah Smithson was born Abt 1867 in Salford.
	members.aol.com /jrigby1046/pafg03.htm (384 words)

	NMAH \| Legendary Coins & Currency: Portrait Medal of James Smithson, 1817 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		James Smithson was born in 1765, the illegitimate son of Sir Hugh Smithson, later known as Sir Hugh Percy, Baronet, 1st Duke of Northumberland, K.G., and Elizabeth Hungerford Keate.
		Smithson never visited the United States, and the reason for his generous bequest is unknown.
		Smithson evidently approved of Canova’s efforts: he scratched his name on the other, otherwise blank side of his medal.
	americanhistory.si.edu /coins/printable/coin1_07F.shtml (284 words)

	Statue / monument of James Smithson in Washington DC by Sculptor Unknown
		Englishman James Smithson (1765-1829) was born James Macie, an illegitimate son of a duke.
		Smithson died in Genoa, Italy and was buried there.
		Smithson's remains now lie in the Crypt of the Smithsonian "Castle" and his legacy has led to the establishment of over 19 Smithsonian Institutions and five Smithsonian research facilities.
	www.kittytours.org /thatman2/search.asp?subject=49 (157 words)

	Smithson Gift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		James Smithson (1765-1829) was a wealthy English scientist who devoted his life to research.
		Although he had never visited the United States, in his will Smithson bequeathed his estate to found an establishment in Washington, D.C., dedicated to "the increase and diffusion of knowledge." Smithson not only left his fortune to this purpose, but also a collection of minerals, as well as his scientific library.
		James Smithson's generous act of philanthropy began a tradition of giving that has been carried on by succeeding generations of donors.
	www.150.si.edu /smithexb (221 words)

	James Smithson - Founder Smithsonian Institution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The birth of James Smithson, founder of the Smithsonian Institution, is thought to be during the year 1765.
		James Smithson wrote his Last Will and Testament with the same exactness found in his research notes.
		From Smithson to Smithsonian: The Birth of an Institution
	www.si.edu /archives/documents/smithson.htm (433 words)

	Smithson The Uk Resource For All Things Smithson Visit Our Online Store. Smithson.org.uk :: Interactive S (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Peter Smithson was born in Stockton-on-Tees, England in 1923.
		James Smithson (1765-1829) was a wealthy English scientist who devoted his life to research United States, in his will Smithson bequeathed his estate to found an.
		Allison Smithson was born in Sheffield, England in 1928.
	www.99hosted.com /names15947.html (515 words)

	Smithson Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		James Smithson, illegitimate son of Hugh Smithson (later Duke of Northumberland) and Elizabeth Hungerford Keate Macie, is born under the James Lewis Macie
		Smithson's second paper, A Chemical Analysis of Some Calamines, is read before the Royal Society.
		Henry James Hungerford, nephew and heir of James Smithson, dies in Pisa, without heirs; the United States is informed of the Smithson bequest
	www.150.si.edu /smithexb/smittime.htm (217 words)

	James Smithson
		SMITHSON, James, philanthropist, born in England about 1754; died in Genoa, Italy, 27 June, 1829.
		He was graduated at Oxford in 1786, and had the reputation of excelling all other resident members of the university in the knowledge of chemistry.
		See "The Scientific Writings of James Smithson" (Washington, 1879) ; "The Smithsonian Institution : Documents relative to its Origin and History," by William J. Rhees (1879); and "Smithson and his Bequest," by William J. Rhees (1880).
	www.famousamericans.net /jamessmithson (592 words)

	Amazon.com: The Stranger and the Statesman : James Smithson, John Quincy Adams, and the Making of America's Greatest ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		James Smithson is described as a minor mineralogist, the bastard son of the first duke of Northumberland, and a recluse.
		Understanding Smithson and the scientific era that he lived in is perhaps crucial to understanding the why of his bequest to the United States that led to the creation of the Smithsonian Institution.
		Smithson was an eccentric...no doubt about it, and there is little for us to go on to guage why he made the U.S. his heir, especially when he spent his life trying to 'ratify' his own place among the elite of England.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0060002417?v=glance (2263 words)

	Geotimes - April 2004 - Geomedia
		Most of us employed at Smithsonian have the vague knowledge that James Smithson’s disenchantment with British aristocracy was behind his curious bequest to create an institution to be founded in Washington, D.C., “for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” But this is far from the complete story.
		Smithson, one of several bastard children of the immensely wealthy Duke of Northumberland, was born in 1765 and raised in Paris.
		Smithson also wanted a kind of revenge for what he felt the system had done to him, and the following remark from his copious unpublished notes states this very clearly: “My name shall live in the memory of man when the titles of the Northumberlands...
	www.geotimes.org /apr04/geomedia.html (1479 words)

	JAMES SMITHSON - LoveToKnow Article on JAMES SMITHSON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		(1765-1829), British chemist and mineralogist and founder of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, a natural son of Hugh Smithson, ist duke of Northumberland, by Mrs Elizabeth Keate.Macie, a granddaughter of Sir George Hungerford of Studjey, was born in France in 1765.
		His attention was given to chemistry and mineralogy, and he published analyses of calamines and other papers in the Annals of Philosophy and Phil'.
		See "James Smithson and his Bequest" (with portraits), by W. Rhees, and " The Scientific Writings of James Smithson," edited by W. Rhees, Smithsonian Misc.
	www.1911ency.org /S/SM/SMITHSON_JAMES.htm (268 words)

	James Smithson
		James Smithson was an English chemist and mineralogist who left his fortune to the United States to found what became the Smithsonian Institution.
		Smithson was born James Lewis (or Louis) Macie, the son of Elizabeth Macie and Hugh Smithson, Duke of Northumberland.
		A member of the Royal Society of London, Smithson published dozens of scientific papers, including new work on zinc ores that ultimately led to zinc carbonate being named smithsonite.
	www.infoplease.com /biography/var/jamessmithson.html (182 words)

	Smithsonian Press--Legacies--2Shrine to the Famous--James Smithson portrait medallion, 1817 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This medallion, which Smithson commissioned in 1817 from Nicolas Pierre Tiolier, the chief engraver at the Paris Mint, was among the personal effects brought back from England with the Smithson bequest in 1838.
		Evidently proud of the result, Smithson etched his name on the back and attached a handwritten tag identifying it as "my likeness." The portrait served as the basis for the first official Smithsonian seal, created in 1847 and used until 1893.
		One of the few Smithson relics to survive the fire of 1865, the medallion is now part of the National Numismatic Collection at the National Museum of American History.
	www.smithsonianlegacies.si.edu /objectdescription.cfm?ID=85 (123 words)

	James Smithson
		Named James Lewis Macie, he was the illegitimate son of Hugh Smithson, who later became the first Duke of Northumberland, and Elizabeth Keate Hungerford Macie, a widow of royal blood.
		Smithson left his substantial fortune to a nephew who died without issue.
		Under the terms of Smithson's will, his estate was given to the United States to found "an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge."
	freemasonry.bcy.ca /biography/smithson_j/smithson_j.html (155 words)

	James Smithson Society Interns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although it is unrealistic to expect that all the participants in our Program will continue in systematic research or museum studies, each student experienced most, if not all, aspects of collections-based research on various natural history topics by the Program's completion and all were affected by their experience.
		Employed by the James Madison University as an instructor of Botany and Molecular Biology (1997).
		Although it's unrealistic to expect that all the participants in our program will continue in systematic research or museum studies, each student experienced most, if not all, aspects of collections-based research on various natural history topics and by the program's completion were positively effected by their experience.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /rtp/features/jss_interns.htm (4506 words)

	Smithson Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The James Smithson Society was established in 1976 as the Smithsonian’s premier membership program for individuals who best understand and support the Institution’s work, and who appreciate a more personal relationship with the Smithsonian.
		For over 30 years, Smithson Society members have given of their time, philanthropic resources, and energy to ensure the success of all Smithsonian initiatives.
		James Smithson, the Institution’s founder, began his quest to build an institution dedicated to the increase and diffusion of knowledge and understanding 159 years ago.
	www.smithsonsociety.org (336 words)

	Record Unit 7000, James Smithson Collection, 1796-1951 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1835 when Henry James Hungerford died without an heir, his mother, Mary Ann de la Batut, claimed her right to the Smithson estate, due to her previous marriage to Colonel Henry Louis Dickinson, half-brother of James Smithson and father of Henry James Hungerford.
		Smithson's original tomb was transferred to America later that same year, and the Smithson Mortuary Chapel was constructed in the Smithsonian Institution Building.
		Images of James Smithson's college, personal library, relics, tomb, and the transfer of his remains to America are also included.
	www.si.edu /archives/archives/findingaids/faru7000.htm (3631 words)

	James Smithson
		British chemist and mineralogist and founder of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, a natural son of Hugh Smithson, 1st duke of Northumberland, by Elizabeth Keate Macie, a granddaughter of Sir George Hungerford of Studley, was born in France in 1765.
		He was educated at Pembroke College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1786, and was known in early life as James Lewis (or Louis) Macie.
		In 1784 he accompanied Faujas St. Fond in his journey to the Western Isles, and in the English translation of the Travels in England, Scotland and the Hebrides (1799) Smithson is spoken of as "M. de Mecies of London." He was elected F.R.S. in 1787.
	www.nndb.com /people/131/000056960 (236 words)

	James Smithson (Smithsonian Infusion) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		James Smithson was the illegitimate child born to the Duke of Northumberland and Elizabeth Keate Macie in 1765.
		Smithson wrote his will at the age of 61.
		In it, he arranges a pension for a former servant, and leaves the rest of his estate to his nephew.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~CAP/smithson/smithson.html (142 words)

	Lemelson Center: Press Release 05/06/02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Lemelson and, posthumously, her late husband, Jerome (1923-1997), were recognized for their contributions facilitating the creation of the Jerome and Dorothy Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation in 1995 at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, Behring Center.
		Enid A. Haupt (garden), the Order of James Smithson, established in 1984, is expected to be conferred upon a relatively small number of individuals over time for magnificent contributions to the Institution.
		Nominees for the Order of James Smithson are proposed to the Smithsonian Secretary by the Smithsonian National Board and approved by the Smithsonian Board of Regents.
	invention.smithsonian.org /pressroom/press_release_detail.aspx?id=104 (531 words)

	Smithsonian Institution Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		These beliefs are based on their having the same name, "Smithson," or on a family tradition that such a relationship exists.
		James Smithson was born in France about 1765.
		When Smithson's will was admitted to probate in the British Court of Chancery, that court required the United States to make an extensive effort to discover if Smithson's nephew had fathered any children, since they would have had sole claim on the estate if they existed.
	www.siarchives.si.edu /research/main_faq.html (1703 words)

	Steven Spielberg to be awarded James Smithson Bicentinnial medal
		Smithsonian Secretary I. Michael Heyman said, "The James Smithson Bicentennial Medal is awarded to individuals who have not only produced great achievements, but have shown an unusual sense of humanity and caring for specific groups of people and society as a whole.
		The James Smithson Bicentennial medal was created in honor of the 200th anniversary of the birth of British Scientist James Smithson (1765-1829).
		It was Smithson's visionary bequest that made possible the establishment of the Smithsonian Institution.
	www.bttf.com /news/99080301.htm (479 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Stranger and the Statesman: James Smithson, John Quincy Adams, and the Making of America's Greatest ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Smithson is pretty well absent for the first 50 pages, as the author goes into quite a bit of detail concerning the mating habits and inheritance rights of the British aristocracy.
		When Washington was still full of muddy roads, mosquitoes, and politicians who liked to spit, swear, booze it up, and even bring their hunting dogs to the floor of the House, Adams pushed for high culture and learning.
		Although not a great or original thinker, Smithson amassed quite a collection of minerals and did the laborious work of subjecting all of his accumulated material to painstaking chemical analysis.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0060002417 (1568 words)

	Amazon.fr : The Stranger and the Statesman: James Smithson, John Quincy Adams, and the Making of America's ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Smithson, born in 1765, was the illegitimate son of the Duke of Northumberland, and Burleigh meticulously examines the legal and cultural restrictions placed on illegitimate sons in England.
		He was fortunate in his choice of scientific mentors, too, having studied with intellectual giants such as James Hutton and Henry Cavendish.
		But Smithson, though a serious scientist, was a "not terribly original or brilliant" one, stresses Burleigh.
	www.amazon.fr /exec/obidos/ASIN/0060002417 (646 words)

	0060002417 - The Stranger and the Statesman by Nina Burleigh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In her illuminating and dramatic biography -- The Stranger and the Statesman --, Nina Burleigh reveals a little-known slice of social and intellectual history in the life and times of the man responsible for the creation of the United States' principal cultural institution, the Smithsonian.
		In 1829, a wealthy English naturalist named James Smithson left his library, mineral collection, and entire fortune to the ""United States of America, to found...
		In this fascinating book, Burleigh pieces together the reclusive benefactor's life, beginning with his origins in the splendidly dissipated eighteenth-century aristocracy as the Paris-born bastard son of the first Duke of Northumberland and a wild adventuress who preserved for her son a fortune through gall and determination.
	www.biblio.com /isbnsearch.php?isbn=0060002417 (935 words)

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