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	James Starley Summary
		James Starley (1831-1881) was an inventor and manufacturer who is widely considered to be the father of the bicycle industry.
		James Starley (Born April 21, 1830, died June 17, 1881) was an English inventor and "Father of the Bicycle Industry." He was born in 1831 at Albourne.
		James Starley ran away from home and later settled in Coventry where he became one of the most innovative and successful builders of bicycles and tricycles.
	www.bookrags.com /James_Starley (1495 words)

	James Starley - LoveToKnow 1911
		JAMES STARLEY (1830-1881), British inventor, the son of a farmer, was baptized at Albourne, Sussex, on the 13th of June 1830.
		As it was harder to propel than the bicycle he invented the balance gear, and applied it in the Salvo, which is the type of the present tricycle (q.v.).
		Starley died on the i 7th of June 1881, and a public monument has been erected to his memory in Coventry.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /James_Starley (340 words)

	James Starley - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		James Starley (Born April 21, 1830, died June 17, 1881) was an English inventor and "Father of the Bicycle Industry." He was born in 1831 at Albourne.
		James Starley ran away from home and later settled in Coventry where he became one of the most innovative and successful builders of bicycles and tricycles.
		It was steering problems, while riding a tricycle tandem, caused by the unequal power input of the ageing James on one side and his more vigorous son on the other that prompted James Starley to invent the (open) differential in 1877.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Starley (540 words)

	The Probert Encyclopaedia - People and Peoples (Ja-Ji)
		James Francis Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) was a reputed son of James II and pretender to the English throne.
		James V was King of Scotland from 1513 to 1542.
		James VI was King of Scotland from 1567 to 1625.
	vets.com /questionmanager/encyclopaedia/ency1/C7A.HTM (6759 words)

	Essays Page
		James Starley is often called the "father of the bicycle industry," not because he invented the bicycle but because many historians consider his Ariel "highwheeler" the first design to feature the elements that came to define the bicycle—such as center-pivot steering and spoked wheels.
		Starley introduced many improvements in sewing-machine design, including the model that he called The European but was commonly known as the Lady Godiva after the renowned 11th-century radical who rode naked through the streets of Coventry in protest over the town’s high taxes.
		Starley’s design changes earned the bicycle a new nickname, the "penny-farthing,"; after the difference between the size of the large front wheel and the small back wheel, resembling the size difference between a penny and a farthing coin.
	www.fofweb.com /Subscription/Science/Helicon.asp?SID=2&iPin=azsts0180 (823 words)

	John Kemp Starley - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Kemp Starley (1854 - 1901) was an English inventor and industrialist who is widely considered to be the inventor of the modern bicycle, and also originator of the name Rover.
		Starley was born in Walthamstow, Essex, and was the son of a gardener.
		John Starley died suddenly in 1901 and was succeeded as managing director of the firm by Harry Smyth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/J._K._Starley (293 words)

	Bicycle History
		Even though controversy still surrounds Macmillan’s machine, it was prophetic in that it included three of these critical design elements: (1) two smallish, equally-sized wheels with the rider sitting between them (2) a rear-wheel drive and (3) a front wheel that was steered and was independent of the transmission.
		The additional two pieces of the puzzle that were subsequently incorporated by Starley and others were (4) a “geared-up” drivetrain (such that the number of pedal revolutions does not equal the number of wheel rotations) and (5) the chain drive itself which was eventually to become ubiquitous.
		James Starley patents a differential gear; probably the first for a bicycle but the principle was not new.
	www.jimlangley.net /ride/bicyclehistorywh.html (3439 words)

	Bicycle - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Starley’s aim was to increase the speed of the vélocipède by giving it a large front wheel but to reduce the weight by using a small rear wheel and several other innovations, among them making the wheels of iron with wire spokes under tension.
		Starley’s Ariel highwheelers typically weighed about 23 kg (50 lb), less than half of what some of his competitors’ bicycles weighed.
		Around 1885 John Kemp Starley (a nephew of James Starley) and William Sutton introduced the Rover safety bicycle, a machine that featured two equal-sized wheels 76 cm (30 in) in diameter and a chain-driven rear wheel.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761559977___26/Bicycle.html (1916 words)

	Rover - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first Rover was a tricycle manufactured by J.K. Starley and Sutton Co of Coventry, England in 1884.
		The company was founded by James Starley and Josiah Turner in 1877.
		Starley made history in 1886 by producing the Starley Safety Bicycle - a rear-wheel-drive, chain-driven cycle with two equal-sized wheels, making it more stable than the previous high wheeler designs.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Rover (618 words)

	Rover
		The company was founded by James Starley and Josiah Turner in 1877.
		Starley made history in 1886 by producing the Starley Safety Bicycle - a rear-wheel-drive, chain-driven cycle with two equal-sized wheels, making it more stable than the previous high wheeler designs.
		In 1888 Starley made an electric car, but it never was put into production.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/r/ro/rover.html (239 words)

	TCS Daily - Kentucky on Two Wheels
		Starley grasped that the bigger the wheel the pedals were attached to, the farther it would go in a single revolution.
		James Starley invented a stronger, stiffer (more stable) and much lighter wheel by spoking it with thin, strong, steel wire pulled tight under tension from the wheel rim into the hub.
		It was James Starley's nephew, John, who capitalized on the Lawson invention and devised what is considered "the first modern bicycle." The Rover Safety Bicycle of 1885 had the classic profile that exists to this day.
	www.tcsdaily.com /article.aspx?id=091603C (1658 words)

	JAMES STARLEY (1830-1881) - Online Information article about JAMES STARLEY (1830-1881)
		Starley at Lewisham and elsewhere migrated to Coventry to become skilled See also:
		French use, of bicycles, several of the earliest suggested improvements being Starley's.
		Starley died on the 17th of June 1881, and a public See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SOU_STE/STARLEY_JAMES_1830_1881_.html (552 words)

	antique sewing machines - James Starley
		My account of James Starley's early years as an engineer has been gleaned from a well known biography, however, I have not been able to independently verify some of the facts therein, so the reader should treat the following introduction with some caution.
		It was one of these initial designs that led to the model known as the "European", the first to be produced by the new company of the same name.
		With confidence at a high, Starley broke away from the Coventry Machinists and formed Starley and Co. In 1871, Evesham-born William Borthwick Smith, a financial backer and noted as a watchmaker in Coventry at that time, joined forces with James, and the Smith and Starley company was formed.
	www.dincum.com /articles/starley_res.html (951 words)

	James Starley Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As a tennager, James Starley ran away from his parents' Sussex farm to Lewisham.
		Turner's nephew brought one of the new French bone-shakers to the factory in 1868
		It is the story of the Starleys of Coventry, particularly James Starley.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/j/ja/james_starley.html (521 words)

	Ariel Owners Motor Cycle Club (Site not responding. Last check: )
		James Starley began his revolution of the cycle industry in the 1870's when he went into partnership with William Hillman, who later became better known for his cars.
		Among James Starley's first innovations were the wire spoked wheel and an all metal lightweight frame.
		James Starley continued with his innovative machines, winning cycle races and setting speed records, and eventually set up a business with his sons.
	www.arielownersmcc.co.uk /ArielHistory.htm (1306 words)

	Tulák (Site not responding. Last check: )
		První Tulák byl trojkolka vyráběla J.K. Starley a Sutton Co Coventry, Anglie v 1884.
		Společnost byla založena James Starley a Josiah Turner v 1877.
		Starley dělal historii v 1886 tím, že produkuje Starley bezpečnostní kolo - chovat-kolo-pohon, řetěz- řízený cyklus s dva se rovnat-klížil kola, dělat to více stáj než předchozí vysoký kolář navrhne.
	wikipedia.infostar.cz /r/ro/rover.html (192 words)

	The Wheelmen - Roller Chains & HiWhels Now at Wikipedia
		James Starley had originally built the Aerial high-wheeler in 1870, but this was a time of rapid innovation and small-scale chain drives became practical within ten years, making it possible to achieve the same speeds without the need for the large wheel.
		In 1885, James Starley's nephew John Kemp Starley launched the Rover Safety Bicycle, so called because the rider was seated much lower down and much further behind the front wheel contact point.
		James Starley had originally built the Aerial high-wheeler in 1870, but this was a time of rapid innovation and when chain drives were upgraded so that each link had a small roller, higher and higher speeds became possible without the need for the large wheel.
	www.thewheelmen.org /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1655 (266 words)

	The History of Rover
		Starley had formerly worked with his uncle James Starley (father of the cycle trade) who began in manufacturing sewing machines and switched to bicycles in 1869.
		Starley's Rover is usually described by historians as the first recognisably modern bicycle.
		In 1889 the company became J. Starley and Co. Ltd and in the late 1890s, the Rover Cycle Company Ltd. Three years after Starley's death in 1901, the Rover company began producing automobiles with the two-seater Rover Eight to the designs of Edmund Lewis who came from Daimler.
	www.cars-directory.net /history/rover (813 words)

	TransportStation
		The Boneshaker was further refined by James Starley in the 1870s.
		Starley's nephew, J. Starley, J. Lawson, and Shergold solved this problem by introducing the chain and producing rear-wheel drive.
		Starley's 1885 Rover is usually described as the first recognizably modern bicycle.
	www.transportstation.org /show/4569/Bicycle (814 words)

	Geoffrey Williamson, Wheels Within Wheels
		James Starley ran away from his parents' Sussex farm as a teenager; with the industrial revolution in full swing the quiet farm life was not for him and his head seems to have been bursting with mechanical ideas.
		Penn knew Josiah Turner, one of the partners of the makers of the machine, and in due course Starley was taken on at the London factory (p34).
		James Kemp Starley experimented with an electric tri-car ~1888 (p111) but the petrol-driven Rover 8 h.p.
	www.4wdonline.com /Books/WilliamsonWWW.html (611 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - James Starley
		He was born in 1831 at Albourne, and died in 1881.
		It was (John Kemp -) Starley and Sutton who devised the recognisably modern Rover safety bicycle with 36" wheels (still a standard size), chain drive, and a diamond shaped frame (no seat-tube as yet) in 1884, showing it in 1885
		James Kemp Starley experimented with an electric tri-car around 1888
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/J._K._Starley (527 words)

	spON-LINE: History and heritage - John Kemp Starley and the 'Rover'
		John Kemp Starley (1854-1901) was born in Walthamstow, Essex, the son of a gardener.
		Starley also started experiments with battery-powered cycles but then, as today, the capacity of the batteries was too low.
		John Starley died suddenly in 1901 and was succeeded as managing director of the firm by Harry Smyth.
	www.sponend.org.uk /hist/hhstarly.htm (640 words)

	Bicycles and Motor Cycles
		James Starley, the designer of a revolutionary sewing machine, built an engineering factory in the city in 1861.
		Starley's partner, Josiah Turner, worked with Starley to bring the manufacture of cycles to the city.
		Starley died in 1881 soon after demonstrating a new tricycle to Queen Victoria at Windsor.
	www.thecoventrypages.net /hstoric-cov/bicycles.asp (234 words)

	The History of the Bicycle (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Smartly dressed couple seated on an 1886-model bicycle for two.The high bicycle was logical extention of the boneshaker design, the front wheel enlarging (limited by the inside leg measurement of the rider), the rear wheel shrinking and the frame being made lighter.
		James Starley in Coventry added the tangent spokes and the mounting step to his famous bicycle named "Ariel." He is regarded as the father of the British cycling industry, then leading the world, with Coventry, Birmingham and Manchester being the centers.
		John Kemp Starley, James' nephew, set the fashion to the world with his "Rovers" from 1885 on (never patented) that featured equally sized wheels and a chain drive to the rear wheel.
	www.juiceenewsdaily.com /0405/entertainment/history_bike.html (1741 words)

	Patent Pending Blog - Patents and the History of Technology: February 2005
		James Starley incorporated a Renold chain into his Rover bicycle of 1884, the prototypical diamond framed bicycle.
		James was an inventor, and was in the sewing machine business, had perfected the penny farthing high wheel bike, and had invented the first tricycle, which was sold as the Rover.
		John Starley built an improved Rover, which was a two wheeler with a chain drive on the rear wheel, equal sized wheels, diamond shaped tubular frame, tangential spokes, ball bearings in wheels and cranks, and pneumatic tires.
	patentpending.blogs.com /patent_pending_blog/2005/02 (2906 words)

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