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Topic: James Stephens (Irish nationalist)

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	Irish Republican Brotherhood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		James Stephens, one of the "Men of 1848," (a participant in the 1848 revolt) had established himself in Paris, and was in correspondence with O'Mahony in the United States and other radical nationalists at home and abroad.
		From amongst the many Irish nationalist organisations, a coalition was formed among the IRB and sections of the Irish Land League.
		The Irish Republican Brotherhood was led by an eleven member Supreme Council, consisting of representatives from the seven districts in which the organization was active: the Irish provinces of Ulster, Munster, Leinster, and Connacht, as well as Scotland, North England, and South England.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood (1062 words)

	James Stephens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		James Stephens (February 9, 1882–December 26, 1950) was an Irish novelist and poet.
		James Stephens wrote many retellings of Irish fairy tales.
		His retellings are always beautiful and charming (particularly Dierdre, and Irish Fairy Tales is good).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Stephens (111 words)

	MSN Encarta - Ireland
		A brilliant tactic of the Irish patriot Patrick Sarsfield destroyed William's heavy artillery, and he was forced to retire.
		Although suffrage was restored to Roman Catholics in 1793, the Irish parliament remained composed entirely of the Protestants of the established Church.
		In 1902 the Irish political leader and journalist Arthur Griffith formed the nucleus of Sinn Féin, which became a political party in 1905.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579132_3/Ireland.html (1909 words)

	"Against the Red Flag" : Socialism and Irish Nationalism 1830 - 1913
		Irish nationalism, as it developed in the 19th and early 20th centuries was an eclectic mixture of aspects of various political doctrines, not necessarily of Irish origin, which were gradually amalgamated in different forms by the groups who adopted a policy of Irish independence.
		Irish nationalist leaders were terrified that workers would become aware of this fact and thus the true nature of their oppression had to be clouded in myths which attempted to explain the foreignness of capitalism and to promote the belief that Irish leaders and employers would not exploit their fellow Irish workers.
		James Stephens, leader of the Fenians, had fled Ireland after the 1848 rebellion and was a member of socialistic societies in France in the 1850's, as were Michael Doheny and John O Mahoney.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/cc1913/flag.html (7706 words)

	Paul Rogalski
		According to the legend, Irish rebels who were known as knights gave up a chance for world dominion by leaving their country to keep Ireland alive, through their pride for the country.
		James Stephens was a smart and intelligent man; however all of his plans were failures.
		The Irish Republic Brotherhood Organization, led by John O’Mahony and co-led by James Stephens, fought for the cause of free independence from Britain.
	www.udayton.edu /~compfun/ENG102/2003/ENG102-P/PaulR/Paper3.htm (1425 words)

	Fenian - Freepedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fenian is a term used since the 1860s for an Irish nationalist who espouses or is perceived to espouse violence against British rule, usually by people opposed to their aims.
		The Fenian Brotherhood was founded in Ireland by James Stephens and others, and transferred to the United States in 1858 by John O'Mahony, Michael Doheny (1805–1863), and Stephens, to gain Irish-American support for armed rebellion in Ireland.
		The term derives from the Irish Na Fianna or Na Fianna Éireann which in Celtic mythology were a band of warriors formed to protect Ireland, Fionn Mac Cumhaill being the most famous of its warriors.
	en.freepedia.org /Fenian.html (293 words)

	James Connolly: Labour in Irish History - Chapter 16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Indeed it is no wonder that the real nationalists of Ireland, the Separatists, have always been men of broad human sympathies and intense democracy, for it has ever been in the heart of the working class at home that they found their most loyal support, and in the working class abroad their most resolute defenders.
		The Irish working-class exiles in Great Britain saw that the nationalist aspirations of their race pointed to the same conclusion, called for the same action, as the material interests of their class – viz., the complete overthrow of the capitalist government and the national and social tyranny upon which it rested.
		The fight made by the Irish septs against the English pale and all it stood for; the struggle of the peasants and labourers of the 18th and 19th centuries; the great social struggle of all the ages will again arise and re-shape itself to suit the new conditions.
	www.marxists.org /archive/connolly/1910/lih/chap16.htm (2599 words)

	The Politics of Irish Literature by Malcolm Brown (Chapter 1)
		Irish literature sometimes seemed to know no other subject than the vulgarity and greed of the party politicians, the life-denying bigotry of the clergy, the ignobility of the Irish rabblement.
		The oral tradition was the main channel through which Irish nationalist sentiment flowed, and its chief expressions were folk proverbs, slogans, hero and villain symbols, ballads recited and songs sung, and the arguments and ruminations of the agrarian organizer, the parish priest, the publican, or some other village Nestor.
		Nurses and seamstresses, the tailor who carried his lapboard and shears from house to house, and from district to district, the pedlar who came from the capital with shawls and ribbons, the tinker who paid for his supper with a song and a story, were always ready with tales of the wars and the persecution.
	www.astonisher.com /archives/mjb/irishlit/irishlit_ch1.html (5869 words)

	The Politics of Irish Literature by Malcolm Brown (Chapter 12)
		As the Irish nationalist press proudly noted, it was the longest funeral procession attempted in all history, outdistancing by far the return of Napoleon's bones from St. Helena.
		Stephens was not Pericles nor Meagher of the Sword, but as O'Leary remarked, the speech "served its purpose fairly well at the time, and that is sufficient to say of most speeches as indeed of most things." That purpose was, first of all, to acknowledge the position just won.
		Stephens was understandably proud of his momentous achievement: "Fellow countrymen, you have accomplished a great as well as a holy work this day, and I congratulate you with all my heart and soul.
	www.astonisher.com /archives/mjb/irishlit/irishlit_ch11.html (6209 words)

	Everything Counts!!: seminar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Irish Parliament replaced by direct representation in Westminster in the form of 100 MPs in the Commons and 28 peers and 4 bishops in the House of Lords
		The emerging feeling of Irish Nationality amongst the population, especially the wealthy, led to opposition to the Union.
		This led to Irish nationalism being identified with Catholicism, where as the Protestants were seen to be defenders of the Union.
	everythingcounts.blogspot.com /2004/12/seminar.html (800 words)

	Columbia Rifles Home Page
		Irish soldiers at the front fretted constantly if regular mail from home was interrupted, thus severing their only tie to their families.
		As part of a good, Irish first-person impression, have a party in camp once or twice a year (although it should be period-correct and any drinking should never be out-of-hand) and invite as guests the men from the next company street or two over.
		The Irish were the second large group of ethnic immigrants to enter the young nation of America and, worse, they were mostly unskilled, rural, poorly educated, and Catholic.
	www.columbiarifles.org /Articles/Paddy_2.html (5298 words)

	Stephens Family Crest
		The ancestors of the Stephens family first reached the shores of England in the wave of migration after the Norman Conquest of 1066.
		Some of the first settlers of this name or some of its variants were: John Stephens who settled in Virginia in 1635; Benjamin Stephens settled in the Barbados in 1660; Alice Stephens settled in the Barbados in 1651; John Stevens settled in Jamaica in 1684.
		In the Stephens coat of arms as in all coat of arms the crest is only one element of the full armorial achievement.
	www.houseofnames.com /xq/asp.fc/qx/stephens-family-crest.htm (536 words)

	James Stephens -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Irish poet and storyteller James Stephens is known for his fairy tales set in the Dublin slums of his childhood and for his compassionate poems about animals.
		flowering of Irish literary talent at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century that was closely allied with a strong political nationalism and a revival of interest in Ireland's Gaelic literary heritage.
		The renaissance was inspired by the nationalistic pride of the Gaelic revival (q.v.); by the retelling of ancient heroic legends in books such as the...
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9337335 (722 words)

	W._B._Yeats - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although he was influenced by French Symbolism, Yeats consciously focused on an identifiably Irish content and this inclination was reinforced by his involvement with a new generation of younger and emerging Irish authors.
		Together with Lady Gregory and Martyn and other writers including J M Synge, Sean O'Casey, Padraic Colum and James Stephens, Yeats was one of those responsible for the establishment of the literary movement known as the Irish Literary Revival (otherwise known as the Celtic Revival).
		Yeats was appointed to the Irish Senate (Seanad Éireann) in 1922 and one of his main achievements as a Senator was to chair the coinage committee that was charged with selecting a set of designs for the first coinage for the Irish Free State (and the costumes of Irish judges!).
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=W._B._Yeats (2523 words)

	Arthur Griffith -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		Irish journalist and nationalist, principal founder of Sinn Féin.
		In 1918 the Irish members of the House of Commons declared a republic and chose Eamon de Valera as president and Griffith as vice president.
		In 1921 Griffith led the Irish delegation to the self-government treaty conference and was the first Irish delegate to accept partition, embodied in the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921).
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9366159 (792 words)

	Clan na Gael (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As Irish immigration to the United States of America began to increase in the 18th-century there arose Irish organizations.
		In response to the establishment of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB)in Dublin, its sister organization was founded in New York as Clan na Gael.
		The Irish were still seen as a foreign people within the borders of the American state by anti-Catholic Americans such as members of the Know-Nothing Party; their existence within America was seen primarily as temporary camps of immigrants who planned to stay in America only as long as the British stayed in Ireland.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Clan-na-Gael.htm (1058 words)

	Stephens Realty
		George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen (June 5, 1829 – November 29, 1921) was a Scots-Quebecker banker and railway executive in Canada.
		George Stephen partnered Donald Smith, James Jerome Hill, and Norman Kittson to purchase the near-bankrupt St. Paul and Pacific Railway in Minnesota in the United States.
		Pope Stephen I It is also possible that Stephen of England may be referred to as Stephen I, although there being no second this is redundant.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/192/stephens-realty.html (1363 words)

	FENIAN BROTHERHOOD ADVERTISING, MARKETING AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The ''Irish People'', a revolutionary journal started in Dublin by IRB leader James_Stephens, was appealing for aid to Irishmen who had received military training and experience in the American_Civil_War.
		At the close of that war in 1865, numbers of Irish who had borne arms flocked to Ireland, but a government crackdown arrested many and forced Stephens to flee.
		Their presence was explicitly because of the threat of Fenian attack or terrorism, as were the large numbers of troops on the first train.
	www.adscontractors.com /Fenian_Brotherhood (1014 words)

	Irish Orientalism: A Literary and Intellectual History (Syracuse University Press) (Joseph Lennon) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Irish Orientalism: A Literary and Intellectual History by Joseph Lennon (Syracuse University Press) Centuries before W. Yeats wove Indian, Japanese, and Irish forms together in his poetry and plays, Irish writers found kinships in Asian and West Asian cultures.
		To study Irish writings on the Orient, therefore, is also to study Irish cultural narratives of antiquity, Celticism, and nation.
		Scholars have dismissed Irish Orientalist representations as significant because they seem provincial borrowings from British, French, and German Orientalism or because they are based in legend and speculation, not in science or modern historiography.
	www.interference.com /webstore/us/product/0815630441.htm (830 words)

	James Stephens in from MyUSBusinessFinder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		James Stephens was born in Dublin in 1882...
		James Stephens was born on February 2, 1882 in Dublin, Ireland, and died December 26, 1950, in London, England...
		Stephens, James, 1882 1950, Irish poet and fiction writer, b...
	www.myusbusinessfinder.com /James-Stephens.html (342 words)

	Finn MacCumhaill -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		Hero of the Irish Gaelic tales and ballads of the Fenian cycle.
		The “old men” are the Fenian poets Oisín (Ossian) and Caoilte, who, having survived the destruction of their comrades at the Battle of Gabhra, return to Ireland from the timeless Land of Youth (Tír na nÓg) to discover they have been gone 300 years.
		Irish lyric and narrative poems dealing with the legends of Finn MacCumhaill and his war band.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9364458 (779 words)

	This Date in Irish History
		April 21st - 1871 - John Fitzpatrick, Labor leader and Irish nationalist was born in Athlone, Co. Westmeath.
		1875 - Irish Volunteers leader Michael O'Rahilly, aka "The O'Rahilly," was born in Ballylongford, Co. Kerry.
		1901 - Death of James Stephens, Kilkenny-born founder of the Irish Republican Brotherhood.
	admin2.7.forumer.com /a/this-date-in-irish-history_post569-30.html (1052 words)

	Finding Aid for the Fenian Brotherhood Records at ACUA
		Many Irish and Irish American nationalists, first recruited to the cause as Fenians, continued to fight for Ireland's independence after the order's decline.
		Rossa also owned and managed a hotel in Manhattan.Even after the Fenians had ceased to operate, Rossa was an outspoken critic of the British occupation of Ireland.He ran for NY State Senate in 1871, but lost in a closely contested and questionable election.
		They include Thomas Clarke Luby (1821-1901), Charles Kickham (1828-1882), John Mitchel (1815-1875), John O'Mahony (1816-1877),and James Stephens (1825-1901).The correspondence is arranged chronologically starting in 1850 and ending in 1909.This series also contains undated and fragmented correspondence, as well as a small grouping of correspondence related to the “Irish Confederation (1865-1880)”.
	libraries.cua.edu /achrcua/fenian.html (1229 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Irish Republican Brotherhood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Irish Republican Brotherhood; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Irish_Republican_Brotherhood (1188 words)

	Amazon.com: Irish Orientalism: A Literary and Intellectual History (Syracuse University Press): Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		British writers from Cambrensis to Spenser depicted Ireland as a remote border land inhabited by wild descendants of Asian Scythiansbarbarians to the ancient Greeks.
		Lennon traces Irish Orientalism through origin legends, philology, antiquarianism, historiography into Irish literature and culture, exploring the works of Keating, O'Flaherty, Swift, Vallancey, Sheridan, Moore, Croker, Owenson, Mangan, de Vere, and others.
		He explores a key moment of Irish Orientalism - the twentieth-century Celtic Revival - discussing the works of Gregory, Casement, Connolly, and Joyce, but focusing on Theosophist writers W. Yeats, George Russell, James Stephens, and James Cousins.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0815630441?v=glance (1418 words)

	Irish Post: GAA: James Stephens lead the way for Kilkenny
		Irish Post: GAA: James Stephens lead the way for Kilkenny
		You are > Home > GAA: James Stephens lead the way for Kilkenny
		LEINSTER champions James Stephens booked their place in the senior final with a comfortable 0-17 to 1-6 victory over Antrim side O’Donovan Rossa at Parnell Park.
	www.irishpost.co.uk /email/email.asp?j=1635 (65 words)

	Amazon.com: The Green Flag : Volume 1-3: The Most Distressful Country, The Bold Fenian Men, Ourselves Alone: Books: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Covering Irish history from the beginnings of Irish Nationalism through 1973, Robert Kee's treatment ranges from the Protestant Plantations through Wolfe Tone and the Great Famine to the founding of the Fenian Movement and the Irish Free State.
		Its true strength is in parts two and three which recount, in great detail, the growth of Irish nationalist sentiment (and rebellion) and land reform/Catholic emancipation, during the 19th Century.
		Part three details the rise of the Nationalist cause in the wake of Parnell's fall and the rise of the I.R.B./I.R.A. in the late Victorian era up through the Civil war of the 1920s.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0140291652?v=glance (1183 words)

	Today in Irish History, April - World Cultures European
		The Irish Naval Service’s LE Eithne and Britain’s HMS Tyne both exchange personnel for the ceremonial event as both fishery patrol vessels berth side-by-side at Queen’s Quay in the heart of the northern capital.
		The five-day Belfast engagement for the LE Eithne marks the first-ever visit to a Six Counties’ port by an Irish navy boat.
		It bans the use of the Irish language (insisting 'that every Englishman use the English language', though it is written in French) and Irish names within the colony, intermarriage with the native Irish, the playing of hurling, and so on.
	www.irishcultureandcustoms.com /02Hist/4April3.html (3286 words)

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