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| | Scotland |
 | | James I’s son, Charles I, quarreled incessantly with Parliament and with the Puritans, and his reign was ended with his head on the executioner’s block, before a large, horrified London crowd in 1649. |
 | | James II, a Roman Catholic, was deposed in 1688 because of his religion and because of quarrels with Parliament. |
 | | James became an exile in France, and it is he whom Louis XIV of France had proclaimed as the legitimate King of England, helping to spark the War of the Grand Alliance, that caused so much devastation in the Palatinate. |
| www.angelfire.com /fang/snaggle/chap_IX.htm (1646 words) |
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