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	James Webb Space Telescope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a planned space infrared observatory, intended to be a significant improvement on the aging Hubble Space Telescope.
		Due to a combination of redshift, dust obscuration, and the intrinsically low temperatures of many of the sources to be studied, the JWST must operate at infrared wavelengths, spanning the wavelength range from 0.6 to 28 micrometres.
		The telescope's location at the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point ensures that the Earth and Sun occupy roughly the same relative position in the telescope's view, and thus make the operation of this shield possible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Webb_Telescope (1109 words)

	Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. :: Ball Aerospace Accelerates Focusing Techniques on the James Webb Space ...
		The James Webb testbed telescope, housed at Ball Aerospace's Boulder, Colo. facilities, will aid engineers in developing and simulating the telescope's Wavefront Sensing and Control System used to align the mirrors in the optical system and provide fine-tuning of the focus.
		James Webb will be the first space-based telescope to use this segmented mirror architecture.
		The James Webb Space Telescope was designed to study infrared light from objects that formed in the beginning of the universe.
	sev.prnewswire.com /aerospace-defense/20051205/LAM06705122005-1.html (523 words)

	SPACE.com -- James Webb Space Telescope: Diving Deep into the Universe
		This is NASA's promissory note to the future: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will push the cosmological envelope, letting astronomers delve deeper and further back in time to better understand the origins of the Universe.
		At the heart of the James Webb Space Telescope effort is use of advanced optical technology - particularly in the mastery of lightweight mirrors.
		Once operational, JWST is expected to see objects 400 times fainter than the world's largest ground-based infrared telescopes or the current generation of space-based infrared telescopes.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/webb_ngst_030108.html (1460 words)

	ITT - Welcome to Space Systems Division (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		While Webb is best-known for leading the Apollo program and a series of lunar exploration programs, he also initiated a vigorous space science program, responsible for more than 75 launches during his tenure, including America's first interplanetary explorers.
		The successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, the JWST is slated for launch in 2011 and will take three months to travel 940,000 miles to a point in space where it will be balanced between the gravity of the Earth and the sun.
		The JWST is a large, infrared-optimized telescope designed to study the formation of the first stars and galaxies, the evolution of galaxies, the production of elements by stars, and the process of star and planet formation.
	www.ssd.itt.com /heritage/jwst.shtml (356 words)

	James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Plans for a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) follow-on mission - The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) - were motivated by continued interest in the formation of stars and galaxies in the early history of our universe.
		Because JWST is an infra-red telescope, the mirrors and actuators must function at temperatures as low as –400 degrees Fahrenheit (33 K).
		The telescope’s sensitivity and angular resolution will allow it to observe faint objects in less than 1/100 of the exposure time required by even the most sensitive mode of the HST.
	www.ballaerospace.com /jwst.html (291 words)

	ESA - Space Science - JWST overview
		The sharpness of images from both Hubble and JWST is due to the absence of any atmosphere between the astronomical objects and the telescope.
		A Mid-Infrared Camera-Spectrograph, essential for the study of: the old and distant stellar population; regions of obscured star formation; hydrogen emission from previously unthinkable distances; the physics of protostars; and the sizes of Kuiper Belt objects and faint comets.
		The James Webb Space Telescope was formerly known as the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST).
	www.esa.int /esaSC/120370_index_0_m.html (646 words)

	Building the James Webb Space Telescope
		It was popularly regarded as the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope.
		The HST is not expected to be active when the James Webb is launched in August 2011.
		Since the telescope's optics are exposed (Hubble's are in a tube), the only way to control their thermal environment is with a sunshield to ward off solar radiation.
	aviationnow.com /avnow/news/channel_awst_story.jsp?id=news/07073top.xml (2301 words)

	Testing the mirror for Hubble’s heir - - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Webb Telescope — named for the NASA administrator during the Apollo lunar exploration program — is managed by Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, with Northrop Grumman Space Technology as the lead contractor.
		Because the telescope seeks invisible infrared, or heat, radiation, it must be placed in a cold location in space to avoid emitting — and thus detecting — its own heat, Stahl said.
		To stay cold, the telescope has to be sent some 940,000 miles (1.5 million kilometers) from the Earth — four times farther away than the moon is. Astronauts can’t travel that far into space, so NASA will have limited ability to correct problems with the mirrors once the telescope is in orbit, Stahl said.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/3077748 (1188 words)

	CSA - James Webb Space Telescope, Successor to Hubble
		The mission concept is for a large filled-aperture telescope (primary mirror diameter of approximately 6.5 m) located 1.5 million Km from Earth at the L2 Lagrangian point.
		The sensitivity of the telescope will be limited only by the natural zodiacal background, and should exceed that of ground-based and other space-based observatories by factors of 10 to 100,000, depending on the wavelength and type of observation.
		The Canadian Project Scientist for JWST is Dr. John Hutchings of the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada.
	www.space.gc.ca /asc/eng/satellites/jwst.asp (521 words)

	NASA - James Webb Space Telescope Advanced Mirror Demonstrator tests under way at NASA's Marshall Center - Marshall ...
		One technology will ultimately be chosen as the one to be pursued for the primary mirror of the Webb telescope.
		The facility produces a space-like environment in which optical components for space telescopes can be tested and the quality of their performance in space predicted.
		Testing at the Marshall Center on the Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator for the Webb Telescope will be conducted in a vacuum chamber cooled to approximate the supercold temperatures found in space.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2003/03-076.html (660 words)

	The Hunt for Exoplanets - James Webb Space Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It will be called the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), named after NASA's second administrator.
		Webb initiated a vigorous space science program, responsible for more than 75 launches during his tenure, including those of the Apollo program.
		Its 20-foot mirror will unfold itself and begin observing as the telescope travels to its orbit point 1 million miles from the Earth.
	www.mos.org /cst-archive/article/4830/7.html (153 words)

	Top Story - NASA ANNOUNCES CONTRACT FOR NEXT-GENERATION SPACE TELESCOPE NAMED AFTER SPACE PIONEER - September 10, 2002
		The space-based observatory will be known as the James Webb Space Telescope, named after James E. Webb, NASA's second administrator.
		James Webb Space Telescope because it will be too far away.
		James Webb Space Telescope for the Office of Space Science at
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /topstory/20020806ngst.html (1399 words)

	NASA Delays JWST Launch by 2 Years To Stem Cost Growth
		NASA plans to delay the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) nearly two years, to 2013, to cope with $1 billion in cost growth on the mission, a senior program official said.
		The latest plan for the infrared observatory, the designated successor to NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, is expected to be finalized in April.
		Meanwhile, NASA is awaiting U.S. State Department approval to conclude a formal agreement with the European Space Agency to launch the Webb telescope aboard an Ariane 5 rocket.
	www.space.com /spacenews/businessmonday_051121.html (858 words)

	Photo Release -- James Webb Space Telescope Marks Manufacturing Milestone
		A mirror blank, made from lightweight beryllium for the James Webb Space Telescope, is shown being prepared for x-ray inspection.
		Finally, the mirrors are incorporated into optical assemblies and mounted on the telescope structure.
		The Webb telescope features a 6.5-meter (20 feet) aperture primary mirror comprised of 18 beryllium segments and will be the largest deployable telescope ever launched.
	www.irconnect.com /noc/press/pages/news_releases.mhtml?d=84293 (523 words)

	The James Webb Space Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		refers to the James Webb Space Telescope which is forseen to be the next of the great telescopes placed into space to explore the Universe.
		TRW, Inc. has won the contract to develop this telescope and the launch and deployment is tentatively scheduled for 2010.
		The telescope is currently planned for launch on an expendable launch vehicle which will be announced later.
	www.freddeaton.com /ngst.html (396 words)

	James Webb Space Telescope
		James Webb Space Telescope This image shows the James Webb Space Telescope (formerly known as the Next Generation Space Telescope) as it will be built by Northrop Grumman Space Technology (formerly TRW) for NASA, ESA, and CSA.
		Download the report to NASA recommending addition or optimization of the James Webb Space Telescope capabilities to maximize astrobiology science return.
		Detailed exposure time calculations and mission completion time estimates can be generated by the JWST Mission Simulator.
	www.stsci.edu:8083 /jwst (168 words)

	NASA - The James Webb Space Telescope Model
		Northrop Grumman is displaying a full scale model of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) at the 21st National Space Symposium in Colorado Springs.
		NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center is managing the JWST project, and the Space Telescope Science Institute is responsible for JWST science and mission operations, as well as ground station development.
		The James Webb Space Telescope, previously called the Next Generation Space Telescope, was renamed in late 2002 in honor of the famed NASA administrator from the Apollo era.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/universe/watchtheskies/jwst_model.html (887 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| James Webb Telescope mirror building moves ahead
		The first pictures taken by Cassini during this close encounter with Titan are received at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to the delight of the mission's imaging leader.
		NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) moved a major step forward with the opening of a state-of-the-art facility in Cullman, Ala., that will machine the observatory's optical components.
		Beryllium, one of the lightest of all metals, was selected as the mirror technology for its demonstrated track record operating at cryogenic temperatures (around 400 degrees Fahrenheit) on space-based telescopes.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0411/15jwst (814 words)

	Mirror for James Webb Space Telescope approved
		NASA today announced a major milestone in the development of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the selection of a beryllium-based mirror technology for the telescope's 6.5-meter primary mirror.
		The mirrors will be incorporated into optical assemblies, mounted onto the telescope structure and then subjected to a series of tests at cryogenic temperatures, individually and as an integrated system.
		A technician is shown mounting an alignment fiducial on a hexagonal beryllium mirror segment, developed under the Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator program, which is approximately as large as the JWST flight mirror.
	www.atlasaerospace.net /eng/newsi-r.htm?id=785 (501 words)

	The James Webb Space Telescope
		A short introduction to the JWST observatory and its goals is given in the JWST Primer.
		The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is responsible for the Science and Operations Center (S&OC) for the JWST (in a similar fashion as for HST) and as such plays an important role in the development of the JWST.
		Once the JWST is in orbit, the STScI will be responsible for Planning and Scheduling (selecting proposals and making sure that the observations are scheduled safely and efficiently), Flight Operations (operating the telescope and taking care of emergencies), and Data Release (calibration pipeline, data archive).
	www.stsci.edu:8083 /jwst/overview (286 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: JWST
		Since 1996, ESA, NASA and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) have collaborated on the definition of a successor to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).
		Known initially as the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST), the project was renamed in 2002 to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in honour of NASA's second administrator.
		Alongside its infrared instruments designed for viewing the early universe, JWST will be a general-purpose observatoy and carry a suite of astronomical insruments capable of addressing many of the outstanding issues in astronomy.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=29 (149 words)

	sci.astro: Re: James Webb Space Telescope is a boondoggle
		Re: James Webb Space Telescope is a boondoggle
		Previous message: The Mighty Krell: "Re: James Webb Space Telescope is a boondoggle"
		In reply to: Andrew Nowicki: "Re: James Webb Space Telescope is a boondoggle"
	sci.tech-archive.net /Archive/sci.astro/2005-02/2343.html (310 words)

	James Webb Space Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Hubble Space Telescope has been a tremendous success in providing new insight in all areas of modern astrophysics.
		Therefore, NASA and ESA have agreed to make a joint effort to establish the successor to HST, called James Webb Space Telescope.
		To optimize the study of the early evolution of the Universe, JWST will be optimized for observations in the infrared.
	spacecenter.dk /projects/jameswebb/index.html (205 words)

	James Webb Space Telescope Marks Manufacturing Milestone
		NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) team completed the initial step in manufacturing all the primary mirrors for the next-generation space observatory's telescope - an important program milestone.
		Northrop Grumman is the prime contractor, leading the JWST design and development effort.
		Beryllium, one of the lightest of all metals, was selected as the mirror technology for its demonstrated track record operating at cryogenic temperatures (around - 370 degrees Fahrenheit) on space-based telescopes.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/telescopes-05zm.html (503 words)

	NIRCam for JWST
		NIRCam is the 0.6 to 5 micron imager for NASA's successor to Hubble and Spitzer, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
		The camera also includes features that will make it a wonderful tool for studying star formation in the Milky Way Galaxy and for discovering and characterizing planets around other stars.
		The Space Telescope Science Institute will operate JWST and handle astronomer's observing proposals.
	ircamera.as.arizona.edu /nircam (164 words)

	James Webb Space Telescope
		The really cool thing about this telescope is that it should hopefully be able to see far enough that we will be able to see way back before there were galaxies, when there was simply a huge cloud of energy and matter that was all pervasive.
		The biggest obstacle with this telescope is the fact that it won't be near Earth like Hubble, but at a LeGrainge point quite a distance from Earth.
		It will be in such a position that the gravity of the Earth will cancel out the gravity of the Sun and other things in the solar system.
	www.magickalkingdom.com /smf/index.php?topic=6769.msg46159 (514 words)

	James Webb Site Myspace.com Computer Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
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	www.jameswebbspacetelescope.net (1286 words)

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