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Topic: Jane Loevinger

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	Paul Marko's: Mindful Enedavors
		Ego development, as defined by Jane Loevinger, who developed a model to illustrate human personality development, consists of the changes in mental processes put in place by the self or ego (one's self-image or sense of being) to make coherent meaning of what is happening as it experiences day-to-day life.
		Loevinger's model consists of eight levels ranging from the Impulsive stage which normally occurs early in life to the Integrated stage which is reached in life only by a very few individuals.
		Loevinger, herself, hesitated to perform this further delineation of stages because she contended that there were too few individuals operating at this level to study.
	www.paulmarko.net /self.htm (961 words)

	Freud’s Three Theoretical Phases or Paradigms according to Loevinger
		Loevinger’s own significant contribution to personality theory — her conception of ego development (1976) and her highly reliable psychometric test for stages of ego development — was firmly grounded in psychoanalytic theory (and cognitive developmentalism), and in particular draws upon Freud’s later theories on the differentiation and development of the ego.
		Loevinger concedes that Freud himself probably never gave up the drive paradigm in favour of the new one, which she identifies as the ego paradigm.
		Loevinger gave as an example the case of a little boy who wants to hit his brother, but is confronted by his father, who stops him.
	www.psy.mq.edu.au /361/Freud.summary.html (3308 words)

	Resolving the Moral Impediments to Foresight Action
		Loevinger’s achievement was to both hypothesise the stages of ego development and to develop an instrument that was able to reliably measure what stage of development an individual is probably operating from.
		Loevinger’s work on ego development is useful in the study of foresight because what she was measuring was an individual’s self-sense and the relationship to the external world.
		Thus Loevinger’s work gives a guide of what an individual’s cognitive process might be sensitive to in the external world, how that external world might be modelled and interpreted by the individual and what range of actions the individual could chose from in response to those interpretations.
	www.metafuture.org /articlesbycolleagues/PeterHayward/Moral_Impediments.html (4845 words)

	Lesson 10.2: Transcript
		An important difference between Adler and Loevinger, however, was that Loevinger was an expert on test development and developed a very detailed and complex and reliable method for coding the sentence completions she elicited.
		To Loevinger, the ego was the totality of the process of making sense of experience and therefore incorporated not only reality-based ego functions, but also id functions (your inner drives and needs), and superego functions (self-control and morality).
		However, where Loevinger differs is that rather than focusing on the first few years of life as being critical, Loevinger felt that ego development could continue throughout life.
	www.class.uidaho.edu /psyc310/lessons/lesson10/lesson10-2_transcript.htm (2846 words)

	Lesson 10.2
		Her sentence completion test is another example of the type of semi-structured yet semi-projective test ego psychologists liked to use to assess how people consciously and actively make sense of their lives.
		Notice how it is similar to Adler asking you to complete the sentence: "My earliest memory is…" An important difference between Adler and Loevinger, however, was that Loevinger was an expert on test development, and developed a very detailed and complex and reliable method for coding the sentence completions she elicited.
		However, whereas Freud suggested that the stages of psychosexual development occurred at approximately the same ages for everyone and were completed by adolescence, Loevinger suggested that different people completed the stages of ego development at different ages, and few people would ever complete all of the stages.
	www.class.uidaho.edu /psyc310/lessons/lesson10/lesson10-2.htm (244 words)

	FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Several authors have mistakenly associated Loevinger’s use of the term “ego” with psychoanalytic uses of the term.
		Loevinger constructed Form 81 so that the two halves of the test (i.e., 1st and 2nd set of 18 items) have equivalent item validities and can be used as short forms of the measure.
		Loevinger and her colleagues have typically not recommended pursuing this route.
	www.psychologie.leidenuniv.nl /ontw/personality-development/index.php3?m=1&c=10 (839 words)

	EGO Resources & Information - alter ego
		In his theory pump panel ego acid of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud sought to explain how the unconscious mind operates loevinger's theory of ego development by proposing that it has a particular structure.
		Freud ego psychology + anna freud considered the Oedipus Complex to be a formative stage alter ego in the ego psychology development of the superego.
		Jane Loevinger and her theory of ego development
	www.bizhisto.com /Biz-Retail-Companies-D---Ei/EGO.html (622 words)

	Conceptual Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Loevinger, J. On the self and predicting behavior.
		Loevinger, J. Personality structure and the trait-situation controversy: On the uses of low correlations.
		Loevinger, J. and Blasi, A. Development of the self as subject.
	psychologie.leidenuniv.nl /ontw/personality-development/index.php3?c=16 (2306 words)

	Moments of Insight: Sudden Change in Ego Development
		For Loevinger, ego functioning is the search for coherent meaning, the striving to master, integrate, and make sense of experience (a description intuitively compatible with a major moment of insight experience).
		Jane Loevinger’s (1976) theory of ego development conceives of change in sequential self-paradigm stages
		Kegan (1979) agrees with Loevinger that at any one time, the ego operates from a central tendency which reflects the particular structure of the developing ego.
	www.margoorum.com /305/Lecture_students_MOI.htm (2175 words)

	Jane Loevinger \| Self-Proclaimed Iconoclast \| Cultivated Ego Development \| Studied Psychometrics \| Questia.com Online ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Jane Loevinger, Department of Psychology, Washington...V. Measuring Ego Development
		Jane Loevingers work on ego development bridges...research by doing a paper on Jane...
		The Causes of Behavior: Readings in Child Development and Educational Psychology ("Patterns of Parenthood as Theories of Learning" by Jane Loevinger, p.
	www.questia.com /library/psychology/jane-loevinger.jsp (625 words)

	Cook-Greuter
		Susan Cook-Greuter is a researcher from Harvard University who has studied with Robert Kegan and has been an active member of the Society for Research in Adult Development (SRAD) for several years.
		She uses as her source of data Jane Loevinger's Washington University Sentence Completion Test (WUSCT), a projective assessment instrument which asks subjects to complete in writing a set of 36 sentence stems with their own thoughts.
		According to Cook-Greuter’s revised version of Loevinger’s model, a child comes into the world without an ego, without a differentiation of itself from the world around it.
	pavlov.psyc.queensu.ca /~irwinr/psyc250/Cook-Greuter.htm (1548 words)

	Identity In Adolescence - More Information
		She expands and elaborates the critique of five of the most important theorists addressing adolescent identity: Erik Erickson, Peter Blos, Lawrence Kohlberg, Jane Loevinger and Robert Kegan.
		The implications of each approach are discussed in both natural and clinical settings, special emphasis is given to new developments in the field with up-to-date coverage of key concepts, research and criticism stemming from each of the theoretical models.
		`Jane Kroger has written a clear and timely book which brings difficult but crucially important concepts back in to the arena of mainstream psychology in a very readable form...
	www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk /html/moreinfo.asp?etailerid=19&bookId=536885379 (216 words)

	Division of Psychoanalysis - APA
		I was amazed by her theory and research methodology: here was a complex, nuanced investigation of paradigms of self-other that was systematic and scientific.
		Working with Jane and scoring thousands of protocols in ego development brought about a complete transformation in my thinking and it fit very well with my Buddhist epistemology, and my understanding of Jungian archetypes as dynamic forms.
		I had such great respect for Jane, much greater than my respect for Jung at that time — she was, after all, a living person and he was pages in books — that I had a kind of identity crisis while I was in my Jungian training.
	www.division39.org /pub_reviews_detail.php?book_id=153 (4255 words)

	Notes and Quotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Indeed, these two properties were once suggested as criteria for absolute scaling (Loevinger 1947); at that time proposed schemes for absolute scaling had not been shown to satisfy the criteria, nor does Guttman scaling do so.
		Jane Loevinger (1965) in Person and population as psychometric concepts.
		Loevinger, J. A systematic approach to the construction and evaluation of tests of ability.
	www.rasch.org /rmt/rmt113h.htm (503 words)

	Greg Singleton's Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Jane Loevinger and Ruth Wessler, Measuring Ego Development.
		Jane Loevinger, Scientific Ways in the Study of Ego Development.
		Loretta C. Wertheimer, "Relations Among Developmental Dimensions in Jane Loevinger's Model of Ego Development." Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, 1980.
	www.neiu.edu /~ghsingle/levb.htm (59 words)

	Loevinger's stages of ego development - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.
		Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself if you can.
		Jane Loevinger's stages of ego development includes nine sequential stages, each of which represents a progressively more complex way of perceiving oneself in relation to the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Loevinger's_stages_of_ego_development (112 words)

	Stripping the Gurus—The Blind Eye of Spirit
		It came as a shock to Jane in 1974 when patrols of chimpanzees from the Kasakela community—one of four groups in the 20-square-mile park—began attacking chimps from the Kahama community to the south.
		Moreover, if the Loevinger test is slightly modified to be more sensitive to those at the higher stages, 87 percent in one meditating population broke the conscientious barrier, with 36 percent scoring autonomous and 29 percent integrated.
		Loevinger had to explicitly take that into account in planning the testing for her 1985 study.
	www.strippingthegurus.com /stgsamplechapters/theblindeyeofspirit.asp (16115 words)

	Session 208
		Jane Loevinger's sentence completion test provides data to identify stages in ego development.
		Overview and summarize Loevinger's eight stages of ego development.
		Utilize Loevinger's sentence completion test to assess the ego development of group members.
	www.agpa.org /mtgs/2006_annmtg/2006_conference/Session208.html (144 words)

	Road to the Middle Class - Chapter - by Christopher Chantrill
		All these theories propose that humans are born with a limited consciousness and then through childhood and on into adulthood extend and develop step-by-step their understanding of the world and themselves.
		Jane Loevinger developed an ego stage theory in Ego Development.
		It begins at birth with the Presocial stage, where the person lacks an ego, but learns to differentiate himself from the world and realize that there is a stable world of objects.
	www.roadtothemiddleclass.com /chapter.php?id=112&page=2 (1243 words)

	Tribute Fund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Jane Loevinger Tribute Fund was established in conjunction with the Ego Development Conference on March 3, 1998.
		The Jane Loevinger Tribute Fund will be used by Washington University's Olin Library for additions to the library collection in Psychology.
		First priority will be given to the purchase of resources related to current work in ego development or to the extension of that work.
	owl.webster.edu /Ego_Dev/tribute.htm (102 words)

	integral naked - now playing
		A sophisticated kind of testing and measurement is required to notice and identify these structures.
		Researchers such as Lawrence Kohlberg, Jean Piaget, Abe Maslow, Robert Kegan, Clare Graves, and Jane Loevinger (among others) have all devised ways to measure stage growth, though they are each measuring a unique developmental line (such as morals, values, self sense, needs, etc.).
		No line of development can be reduced to any other, but getting a sense of where an individual is at on even one line can tell us an enormous amount.
	in.integralinstitute.org /talk.aspx?id=398 (626 words)

	Social Psychology Arena - Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This second edition of the popular Identity in Adolescence is an updated and expanded account featuring the latest research findings from five major developmental theorists: Erik Erikson, Peter Blos, Lawrence Kohlberg, Jane Loevinger and Robert Kegan.
		Jane Kroger details the key concepts of these theoretical models, giving special emphasis to their practical implications for professionals working with young people.
		From her own experiences in both clinical and natural settings, Kroger shows how an understanding of the stages through which identity development proceeds can facilitate appropriate intervention.
	www.socialpsychologyarena.com /books/book.asp?isbn=0415106788 (273 words)

	Identity in Adolescence - More Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Setting the developmental tradition in context, Jane Kroger begins by providing a brief overview of the theoretical approaches to adolescent identity formation currently in use.
		This is followed by a discussion of five developmental models which reflect a range of attempts from the oldest to among the most recent efforts to describe this process and include the work of Erik Erikson, Peter Blos, Lawrence Kohlberg, Jane Loevinger, and Robert Kegan.
		Although focussing on each theorist in turn, this volume also goes on to compare and integrate the varied theoretical models and research findings and sets out some of the practical implications for social response to adolescents.
	www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk /html/moreinfo.asp?etailerid=19&bookId=536915984 (245 words)

	Textbooks by Jane Loevinger - Direct Textbook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Jane Loevinger - W.H. Freeman & Company - 0716718405
		Jane Loevinger - Southern Universities Press - B0007DYIM6
		Jane Loevinger - Clark University Press - B0006X4B42
	www.directtextbook.com /author/jane-loevinger (201 words)

	Ken Wilber Online: Pragmatic history of consciousness
		Or at Jane Loevinger's impulsive, conformist, individualistic, or integrated waves of development.
		They are still true as far as they go, and you can continue to mine that extraordinary wisdom.
		But you can also add the insights from the other quadrants--especially the Lower Left and Lower Right--and thus begin to take advantage of things like Spiral Dynamics, Carol Gilligan, Robert Kegan, Jane Loevinger, and so on.
	wilber.shambhala.com /html/books/boomeritis/sidebar_g/part5.cfm (3621 words)

	Methodological Commentary on Seven Transformations of Leadership
		Action Inquiry specifies how the Leadership Development Profile, which provides the basis for the distinctions and statistics in the article, has been validated over the past quarter century and how it relates to Jane Loevinger’s Washington University Sentence Completion Test, from which it has evolved.
		Readers interested in assessing their own leadership action logic by means of the Leadership Development Profile, and/or in receiving executive coaching to support their own further development, and/or in considering developmental consulting for a team or organisation are invited to contact www.harthill.uk.co.
		Piaget, Kohlberg, Loevinger, Kegan, Wilber) agree (based both on theoretical considerations and on empirical findings) that personal action logics always unfold in the same sequence cross-culturally (though a person may cease evolving at any given point in the sequence).
	www2.bc.edu /~torbert/LDPMethodology.htm (800 words)

	Integrated SocioPsychology: Models - Developmental Comparison Map of Graves/Spiral Dynamics with other key ...
		#3: Some of Jane Loevinger's work indicates that Impulsive may grow into Self-Protective then Conformist which grows into Conscientious Conformist.
		It should also be noted that Symbiotic could be argued as matching the transitional stage of beige/PURPLE.
		Two Loevinger stages not shown here match transition stages: Malignant Conformist equates to red/BLUE and Individualistic to ORANGE/green.
	www.integratedsociopsychology.net /Models/Comparison_Map.html (516 words)

	References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Measuring ego development / Le Xuan Hy, Jane Loevinger Mahwah, N.J.: L.
		Technical foundations for measuring ego development: the Washington University Sentence Completion Test / edited by Jane Loevinger.
		Theoretical, Empirical, and Clinical Investigations of Loevinger's Conception of Ego Development edited by P. Michiel Westenberg, Augusto Blasi, Lawrence D. Cohn.
	owl.webster.edu /Ego_Dev/references.htm (66 words)

	Self Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		However, at the Dogwood Center, we use a broader developmental framework that encompasses cognitive development, but also includes psychological, emotional and social dimensions of self development.
		The empirical and theoretical foundation of our developmental framework is based on over 50 years of research by Professor Jane Loevinger and her colleagues at Washington University.
		The following chart, which is adapted from one of Professor Loevinger's books, is summary of her developmental framework:
	www.dogwood-center.com /self_development.htm (333 words)

	Untitled Document
		Women are calmed by subliminal messages of 'mommy and I are one,' suggesting the importance of the initial, bonding stage of attachment and our regression to it during times of stress.
		In contrast to both the Kohlberg and Gilligan models, Jane Loevinger's model is the most well-validated for describing the levels of ego development in women.
		Psychological separation from parents is positively associated with level of ego /identity development in adult women.
	ic.ucsc.edu /~vktonay/psyc41/attach.html (570 words)

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