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	Japanese Communist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Japanese Communist Party or Japan Communist Party (JCP) (in Japanese 日本共産党, Nihon Kyōsan-tō) is a political party in Japan.
		While the JCP was firmly against the imperial house both during all of the pre-war and most of the post-war era, it has recently said that it is not opposed to the Emperor remaining as Japan's head of state if he has no power and is only a figurehead.
		The youth wing of JCP is the Democratic Youth League of Japan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japan_Communist_Party (1141 words)

	Social Democratic Party (Japan) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The party became the largest political party in the general election of 1947, and a government was formed by Katayama Tetsu, forming a coalition with the Democratic Party of Japan, Occupation and another minor party.
		However, the party was again split in 1960 because of internal conflicts, and the breakaway group (a part of the old Right Socialist Party of Japan, their most moderate faction) created the Democratic Socialist Party (Japan), though the Japan Socialist Party was preserved.
		The coalition government of Morihiro Hosokawa was formed by anti-LDP liberals (the Japan Renewal Party and the Japan New Party, the Japanese Communist Party the Clean Government Party (Former), the Democratic Socialist Party, the New Frontier Party, the New Party Sakigake, and the JSP).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Japan) (1327 words)

	BBC News \| ASIA-PACIFIC \| Japanese Communists win respect
		Tetsuzo Fuwa, Chairman of the Japan Communist party
		In Japan's general election on Sunday, the party is hoping to build on the 26 seats it held in the last parliament, and has ambitions to join an opposition coalition government.
		The Communist party is demanding a freeze on consumption tax and it is promising support for those most threatened by economic restructuring.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_801000/801895.stm (467 words)

	THE TASKS OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY INTHE PERIOD OF RESISTANCE TO JAPAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The preservation of the Communist Party's leadership over the Special Region and in the Red Army, and the preservation of the Communist Party's independence and freedom of criticism in its relations with the Kuomintang--these are the limits beyond which it is impermissible to go.
		Concessions mean concessions by both parties: the Kuomintang abandons the policy of civil war, dictatorship and non-resistance to the foreign foe, and the Communist Party abandons the policy of maintaining antagonism between the two regimes.
		The December resolution was the "Resolution on the Present Political Situation and the Tasks of the Party", adopted at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party at Wayaopao, northern Shensi, on December 25, 1935.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/mao/works/1937/05_03.htm (6078 words)

	Japan Two-Party System - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		The Comintern realized the importance of Japan in achieving successful revolution in East Asia and actively worked to form the Japan Communist Party (Nihon Kyosanto), which was founded in July 1922.
		The announced goals of the Japan Communist Party in 1923 were an end to feudalism, abolition of the monarchy, recognition of the Soviet Union, and withdrawal of Japanese troops from Siberia, Sakhalin, China, Korea, and Taiwan.
		By 1926 the Japan Communist Party had been forced underground, by the summer of 1929 the party leadership had been virtually destroyed, and by 1933 the party had largely disintegrated.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/japan/japan_history_two_party_system.html (951 words)

	Japan (08/05)
		Manchukuo was dissolved, and Manchuria was returned to China; Japan renounced all claims to Formosa; Korea was occupied and divided by the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.; southern Sakhalin and the Kuriles were occupied by the U.S.S.R.; and the U.S. became the sole administering authority of the Ryukyu, Bonin, and Volcano Islands.
		Japan's Government is a parliamentary democracy, with a House of Representatives and a House of Councillors.
		Japan’s economic engagement with its neighbors is increasing, as evidenced by the conclusion of an EPA with Singapore, and its ongoing negotiations for EPAs with Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm (5691 words)

	Foreign & Commonwealth Office Country Profiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Japan’s rapid rise led to a war with China 1894-95, Russia 1904-05, and the annexation of Korea in 1910.
		Japan is increasingly active in international diplomacy, and is a reliable and constructive partner on a wide range of issues including Iraq, Indonesia/East Timor, the Middle East Peace Process, Afghanistan, and in counter-proliferation and the fight against terrorism.
		Japan held the Presidency of the G8 in 2000 and hosted the Okinawa Summit in July 2000, which was regarded domestically as a great success.
	www.fco.gov.uk /servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029394365&a=KCountryProfile&aid=1018965326618 (3106 words)

	JPRI Working Paper No. 79
		Japan, at the end of World War II, was forbidden by its victorious occupiers both to fly its flag, the Hinomaru (meaning literally "round sun") and to use its national anthem Kimigayo ("his majestic reign").
		With Japan's defeat in World War II and the enforcement of a new constitution, the status of the emperor changed from "ruler of Japan" to "symbol of the state and of the unity of the people" (Article 1).
		Communist Party Chairman Fuwa said that it was necessary to create a new national flag and anthem that were suitable to the present (democratic and peace-loving) Japan, while the party's General-Secretary Shii stated that it was wrong to initiate the legislation without having discussions with the general public.
	www.jpri.org /publications/workingpapers/wp79.html (4916 words)

	94045: Japan's Uncertain Political Transition
		Japan is in the midst of an uncertain political realignment featuring two major conservative parties -- the LDP and the Ozawa-led conservative opposition New Frontier Party (NFP).
		The three parties are still discussing the mechanics of their "out-of-cabinet cooperation." The ambivalent political picture may be more transparent by the time Japan convenes its parliament on November 7.
		Japan's previous three-party ruling coalition (Jan. 1996-Oct.1996) was under the LDP leader/Prime Minister Hashimoto, who was minister of international trade and industry in the previous administration of Socialist Murayama (June 29, 1994-January 5, 1996).
	www.fas.org /man/crs/94-045.htm (6440 words)

	Japan
		She first admitted doing it because a senior party colleague had advised her that diversion of salaries was standard practice, but in her testimony before parliament last week she changed her version and said it was her decision alone.
		Further disgrace to the party and the most sacred institution of parliamentary democracy was brought by the president of the House of Councilors, Yutaka Inoue, who is accused of receiving a 60 million yen bribe from a construction company involved in a similar scandal.
		Given the state of current political affairs in Japan, it is likely that a major realignment of party politics might occur and one person who might lead this agenda is the governor of Tokyo, the right-wing Shintaro Ishihara.
	www.atimes.com /japan-econ/DD30Dh01.html (1177 words)

	ABC News: Japan Moves to Observe WW II Anniversary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The mention of Japan's wartime deeds was limited to a reference to a lower house resolution passed 10 years ago to mark the 50th anniversary of the surrender.
		The reference was added Tuesday morning after the main opposition the Democratic Party, as well as Japan's socialist and communist parties, pressured the LDP and coalition partner New Komeito Party to change a draft proposal, Kyodo News reported.
		Japan's conquest of East Asia in the 1930s and 40s remains an emotional topic in the region, highlighted by riots in China over Tokyo's approval of junior high school history textbooks that neighboring countries said gloss over Japan's wartime atrocities.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=1003250 (318 words)

	A Lack of Ideology: Local Tokyo elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		In contrast, newer parties such as the ostensibly liberal Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) and the ostensibly conservative Shinshinto were big losers, winning only 1 seat between the two of them.
		Parties on the left tend to favor labor, a more powerful federal government and higher or more progressive taxation, whereas parties on the right tend to favor business, a greater emphasis on localities as opposed to federalism and lower, flatter taxes.
		Smaller parties, such as various green parties or anti-tax parties, are formed on one or a few specific issues, and tend to side with a major coalition partner in order to press their agenda through that partner.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/politics_east_asia/2394 (450 words)

	Japan Omnibus - Politics - Government
		Officially, Japan is a constitutional monarchy with the emperor as the head of state.
		The increased material wealth enjoyed by the nation, an election system heavily biased towards rural areas (where the party remains strong), close ties with wealthy business supporters, policy moderation, and a party system that always seems to be more orgainized than the opposition all led to a government that was full of corruption and arrogance.
		Japan is divided into 47 prefectures, and local administration is conducted at the levels of prefectural, city, town, and village governments, each with their respective assemblies.
	www.japan-zone.com /omnibus/government.shtml (1313 words)

	Japan - Communist Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The Japan Communist Party was first organized in 1922, in the wake of the Bolshevik Revolution, and remained part of the international, Moscow-controlled communist movement until the early 1960s.
		Although the party won a large percentage of the popular vote in Diet elections in 1949, it became extremely unpopular after 1950, when Moscow ordered it to cease being a "lovable party" and to engage in armed struggle.
		Thereafter, the fortunes of the Japan Communist Party gradually revived.
	countrystudies.us /japan/127.htm (291 words)

	Japan - MINORITY PARTIES
		In 1990 major opposition parties with representation in the Diet consisted of the Japan Socialist Party, the Komeito, the Japan Communist Party, and the Democratic Socialist Party (Minshato).
		The opposition parties were separated by ideology, with the Japan Communist Party and a significant faction of the Japan Socialist Party espousing Marxist revolution; the others were moderate and pragmatic.
		Moreover, the Japan Socialist Party and the Japan Communist Party played a major role in the 1950s and 1960s in protecting the democratic institutions promoted by the United States occupation.
	countrystudies.us /japan/124.htm (594 words)

	Introduction to Japan's Political Parties
		The Social Democratic Party (called in English the Japan Socialist Party until February 1991 and then the Social Democratic Party of Japan until January 1996) was originally formed in November 1945 through the merger of various prewar proletarian parties.
		In its party convention in January 1986 the SDP abandoned the platform adopted in 1955, which was strongly influenced by Marxism-Leninism.
		Although the party is jointly run by Hatoyama and Kan, Hatoyama is in practice serve as party head and Kan as secretary general, according to party members.
	www.kanzaki.com /jinfo/PoliticalParties.html (2867 words)

	Interview with JCP
		of August 2000 at the JCP (Japan Communist Party) Headquarters, Tokyo.
		The thing that drove a wedge between the JCP and the JSP was the BLL.
		The wedge that was driven between the unity of the JCP and the JSP in the reform unification was therefore fired from the weapon of the BLL.
	www.geocities.com /gaijindo4dan/JCP.html (5276 words)

	East Asia: Japanese election: more of the same? - 1 July, 2000
		Japan’s House of Representatives (Lower House) election is to be held on June 25.
		The battle is between the Liberal Democratic Party/New Komeito/ New Conservative Party coalition government and their rivals: the Democratic Party of Japan, the Japanese Communist Party, the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party plus a small number of minor parties.
		Voters with no party preferences used to turn their backs on politics and not vote but they are beginning to think that the current awful situation (corruption, repeated mergers and breakup of parties) which has deepened public distrust, will continue, if they do not vote.
	www.newsweekly.com.au /articles/2000jul1_jap.html (886 words)

	A Lack of Ideology: Local Tokyo elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Furthermore, the 1993 government was a coalition of the LDP, the Socialist Party and occasionally one of the newer parties.
		The Socialist Party, which held opposition to Japan's military growth as its centerpiece for four decades, did an about-face when the coalition chose a Socialist Prime Minister (Tomiichi Murayama), who promptly announced that the Socialists were apparently just kidding about their opposition, and favored military growth after all.
		Fortunately for Japan, their ideology consists not of anything remotely Marxist, but simply "we oppose whatever the government says." Their oppositional nature is reflected in their recent vigorous speeches against big government and taxes, a fairly un-Communist point of view.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/politics_east_asia/2394/2 (452 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan became a regional power that was able to defeat the forces of both China and Russia.
		Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch.
		Japan's huge government debt, which totals more than 160% of GDP, and the aging of the population are two major long-run problems.
	www.odci.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/ja.html (1477 words)

	Japan Communist Party -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Initially, the party was outlawed, and it operated clandestinely until the post-World War II Allied occupation command restored freedom of political association in Japan; it was established legally in October 1945.
		Party politics in Japan was inaugurated during the Meiji period (1868–1912) and subsequently suppressed during the war years of the 1930s and '40s.
		The freedom to organize political parties was subsequently guaranteed by the 1947 constitution.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9043357 (742 words)

	USATODAY.com - Japan's parliament debates changing pacifist constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The debate comes after both Japan's ruling coalition and top opposition party expressed their support for amending Article 9 of the constitution, which bars the use of military force in settling international disputes.
		The clause also prohibits maintaining a military for warfare, though Japan possesses a self-defense force, a contradiction that lawmakers have said must be addressed by changing the clause to more clearly acknowledge Japan's rights to self-defense.
		Amendments to the constitution must be endorsed by a two-thirds majority in both houses of parliament, as well as by a majority of the population in a national referendum.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-10-06-japanconstitution_x.htm (454 words)

	Communist Party's vision to change Japan
		The JCP was founded in 1922 and was illegal for the first 33 years, during which time many of its leaders were persecuted and imprisoned for opposition to militarism.
		The JCP specified this spirit in its 1976 “Manifesto on Freedom and Democracy”, which gives an outline of its perspective for social progress in Japan: democratic coalition government, democratic revolution and socialist revolution.
		Japan's current military budget is the fourth largest in the world, but our aim is to take a lead in cutting military spending substantially.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1998/317/317p20.htm (1516 words)

	Japan Media Review -- New Online Daily Gives Readers a Fresh Take on the News
		When Ken Takeuchi was mayor of Kamakura, he rode in a chauffeur-driven limousine, presided over a staff of 1,800 and was responsible for an annual budget equivalent to $500 million.
		Today, as CEO of the nonprofit Japan Internet News, he oversees a skeleton staff of five in the modest ninth-floor quarters of an aging Tokyo office building.
		The dailies operated by Japan's five media powerhouses lack a tradition of hard-nosed reporting; their articles often faithfully retain the original spin of press materials by released by government and business organizations.
	www.ojr.org /japan/internet/1051767575.php (473 words)

	Elections in Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Japan (Japanese: 日本 / Nihon) is a country in East Asia.
		Japan has a population of around 127 million on 374,744 km².
		Freedom House rated the country on political rights with a 1 and on civil rights with a 2, both on a scale of 1 to 7 (in which 1 is the most free).
	www.electionworld.org /japan.htm (265 words)

	■日本全国地域情報 Town Information in Japan - {communist} + {party}
		We are supporting Japanse Communist Party in order to realize our political purpose such as the improvement in social welfare and our life, keeping the peace principle of the Constitution of Japan, and the reduction of consumption tax, etc..
		Hello, it is the homepage of the Japan Communist Party Itabashi member-of-a-ward-assembly team.
		Free consultations, such as life consultation and apartment consultation, a report of a ward assembly, the minutes of a committee, etc. are carried.
	www.towninfo.jp /c/urls/word/c/o/mmunist+/party.html (389 words)

	Amazon.com: Japan's Postwar Party Politics: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Kohno's work is appropriately embedded in history yet it has exquisite analyses of strategies pursued by parties, factions, and individual politicians.
		An informative re-creation of the political environment in which party leaders interacted and significant insight into the decision-making process that logically followed.
		SINCE THE END of World War II Japan has developed a democratic polity under its newly adopted Constitution and a set of rules and procedures that govern the interactions of political actors.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0691015961?v=glance (806 words)

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