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	Transport in Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Japan, railways are a major means of passenger transportation, especially for mass and high-speed transport between major cities and for commuter transport in metropolitan areas.
		Japan has 1,152,207 km of highways with 863,003 km (including 6,114 km of expressways) paved and 289,204 km of unpaved ways (1997 est.).
		Japan has 84 km of pipelines for crude oil, 322 km for petroleum products, and 1,800 km for natural gas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transportation_in_Japan (874 words)

	Japan Highway Public Corporation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		), or JH, is a public company established to construct and manage highway networks in Japan, founded in 1956.
		On October 1, 2005, JH was divided in three private enterprises, East Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd. (NEXCO East Japan), Central Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd. (NEXCO Central Japan), and West Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd. (NEXCO West Japan)
		This article about a Japanese corporation- or company-related topic is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japan_Highway_Public_Corporation (125 words)

	Chapter VIII Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Public enterprises, which in 1980 contributed about 10 per cent of the total GNP growth in Japan, were used effectively to stimulate the national economy.
		Some public corporations are authorised to borrow from both domestic and foreign sources; others, including the autonomous bodies, may do so with the sanction of the Minister responsible while still others are only restricted to local borrowings.
		Although the remaining public enterprises are not subject to control over their borrowings by the Diet, most public enterprises arrange borrowings from the Fund of Trust Fund Bureau or other public finance sources which are all under the control of the legislature.
	www.asosai.org /R_P_accountability_control/chapter_8_japan.htm (4313 words)

	Economic recovery in Japan
		In September, responding to the Bank of Japan's quarterly tankan survey of business sentiment, the number of big manufacturing companies stating that business is getting better exceeded the number with a pessimistic view for the first time in two years and nine months.
		First, while Japan is one of the countries running a deficit in its trade with China, its exports to China would no doubt be hurt by a stronger yuan, which would damage Chinese businesses by reducing their price competitiveness.
		LDP Transfer enterprises from the public sector to the private sector; privatize Japan Highway Public Corporation in 2005 and Japan Post in April 2007; promote restructuring of the public sector and create a small government in two years; cut national government subsidies by 4 trillion and transfer tax revenue sources to local governments by 2006.
	mpelembe.mappibiz.com /archives_02/Japan_Economy.html (1864 words)

	Audit of Public Works in Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Japan Highway Public Corporation (to be called JHPC hereafter) was established in 1956 to construct and operate expressways and other general toll roads in Japan.
		According to the explanation by JHPC, there ?re various construction methods in the anchoring of PC steel materials, which is the most important factor in PC bridge technology.
		Therefore, JHPC believes that the contractor should feel free in selecting the construction method which can display the best technology, and along with the systematic process of design and construction good-quality work can be expected.
	www.asosai.org /journal1985/audit_of_public_works_in_japan.htm (1930 words)

	Sound and Fury - Council on Foreign Relations
		These highways may seem to be special and therefore separable from the rest of the public road network.
		I have driven on highways in Shikoku that were virtually empty, while local roads were crowded with vehicles that presumably did not want to pay the toll.
		Supposedly, a principal reason for privatizing the highways is to stop construction of unneeded highways or end the corruption in the construction process.
	www.cfr.org /publication/6476/sound_and_fury.html (957 words)

	Toolkit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Public control was to be maintained by granting concessions only to a local public organization, a Chamber of Commerce (a public body in France) or a semi-public company in which public interests had a majority shareholding.
		In Japan the toll revenue "pooling" system was adopted in 1972 for the entire national expressway network and functions as a form of internal cross-subsidization through a unique legal structure, the Japan Highway Public Corporation (JHPC).
		In Japan, the Government also provided capital funds in order to stabilize the financial status of public corporations, as well as reducing the cost of funds with an interest subsidy; moreover Government-guaranteed bonds and Government accepted bonds (i.e.
	rru.worldbank.org /Documents/Toolkits/Highways/2_carac/23/2392.htm (1524 words)

	FT.com / World / Asia-Pacific - Japan bid-rigging scandal widens
		The raid on Japan Highway means public officials could be implicated in the widening scandal, which thus far has only affected the private sector.
		Japan Highway, currently being privatised, confirmed that it had been raided and said it took the matter very seriously.
		In Japan many retired state bureaucrats are employed in private and public corporations, particularly those under their former ministry's jurisdiction.
	www.ft.com /cms/s/d49230b0-e88f-11d9-87ea-00000e2511c8.html (530 words)

	Summary of Transportation in Japan (buses, railway system, airplanes, road system
		Because of these factors, Japan's construction costs are the highest in the world and therefore, the toll roads reflect that in their usage fees.
		Not surprisingly, Japan's metropolitan areas are areas of congestion with the high traffic volume and traffic safety has been a problem since the explosion of private ownership in the 60's.
		It is Japan's largest airport and handles over 25 million passengers per year and a little over 1.5 million metric tons of air freight.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/japan/pro-transportation.htm (1077 words)

	The World Forum \|\| Japan
		Japan's fleet of six ships left the port of Shimonoseki, western Japan with a quota of 940 minke whales and 10 fin whales.
		The LDP was willing to accept the privatization of Japan Highway Public Corporation, but not the postal system as it threatened to eliminate a strong vote-gathering base for the party.
		As CBC reports, Japan immediately sent aircraft and naval destroyers to monitor the sub when it was first detected on Wednesday near the Sakishima islands, about 120 kilometres from the disputed Senkaku islands.
	www.theworldforum.org /section/japan (746 words)

	ITS Canada: Electronic Toll Collection
		In Japan, toll collection is undertaken by public corporationsóthe expressway authoritiesó that, in addition to their toll revenue, receive a small percent of their income from the governmentófunded by treasury investment and loansówhich is adminstered by the Japanese Ministry of Contruction.
		In Japan the funding of ETC is entirely at the government level, with no requirement for financial involvement from the private sector other than during the trials.
		In Japan, the maintenance of employment levels is a major responsibility for all companies, with particular relevance for those companies operating in the public sector.
	www.itscanada.ca /english/2reps2e.htm (14474 words)

	freedominfo.org: country pages - japan
		Noboru Toike, a professor and expert on Imperial tombs, used Japan's public information disclosure law to obtain academic studies conducted by the Imperial Household Agency regarding the discovery of at least 10 ancient tombs that the government has claimed hold the remains of emperors from the 5th through 13th centuries.
		The Asahi Shimbun (Japan) reports that the Supreme Court has overturned a high court decision ordering the disclosure of the names and titles of private citizens wined and dined by the Osaka municipal government in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
		The Yomiuri Shimbun reports that the Japan Public Highway Corporation spent a total of 1.47 million yen to wine and dine 11 lawmakers on 17 different occasions between fiscal 2001 and 2002.
	www.freedominfo.org /countries/japan.htm (2065 words)

	Lessons from the Kobe quake, Autumn 1995, Public Roads
		The two public corporations are quasi-public, quasi-private agencies that run, operate, and maintain toll roads in Japan.
		Japan is seismically active, but there are areas of lower seismicity just as there are in the United States.
		Highway engineers have to trace the paths through which the shaking forces will be applied and then devise fixes that properly distribute those forces.
	www.tfhrc.gov /pubrds/fall95/p95a29.htm (4246 words)

	Political Elvis - Junichiro Koizumi, Japan - Brief Article Reason - Find Articles
		The public stands by him even though the economic restructuring Koizumi has promised is likely to worsen unemployment in the near term.
		The only group that appears alarmed so far is his fellow pols and bureaucrats, who are stunned by proposals to trim pork-barrel spending, streamline services, and privatize the country's wildly inefficient public corporations, the government-supported companies that handle the business generated by public policy--building bridges, digging for oil, and so forth.
		In exchange for representing the interests of the various corporations in the ministries that are supposed to supervise them, they're offered cushy, remunerative board positions after they retire.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1568/is_5_33/ai_78575519 (437 words)

	Today in Japanese History: January 18 (UCLA Teaching about Japan website) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Among the demands were the transfer of German rights in Shandong province to the Japanese, extension of Japanese rights in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia, and the right of the Japanese to appoint advisers to the Chinese military, police, and government.
		Ironically, it was Okuma Shigenobu, who had negotiated an end to Japan's unequal treaties with the West, who presented these demands to the Chinese government headed by Yuan Shikai.
		In Tokyo, police arrested Isaka Takehiko, chief financial officer of the Japan Highway Public Corporation, and two former Nomura Securities Company officers and charged them with bribery.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /eas/japan/today/0118.htm (156 words)

	NCEER BULLETIN, Volume 9, Number 2, April 1995. Contents: Report from the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake: Overview of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Highways under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Construction are free for public use whereas those owned by an Expressway Corporation are toll roads and road user fees are collected.
		It is one of the largest such Corporations in Japan and is, today, responsible for approximately 200 km of freeway-standard highway throughout the Hanshin region.
		A public meeting is being planned by NCEER to examine the impact of a damaging earthquake on the financial and insurance communities of the United States and potential mitigation strategies which may be pursued to minimize loss.
	mceer.buffalo.edu /publications/bulletin/95/09-02/aprbul.html (9964 words)

	FT.com / World / Asia-Pacific - Japan revamps bidding system for public projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Foreign companies may have a better chance of winning large public works contracts in Japan after the government this month overhauled its bidding method in an attempt to eliminate the entrenched collusion that plagued previous auctions.
		For public works contracts worth between Y200m and Y730m, all interested companies have to first meet “pre-qualification criteria”, a point-based system that favours established domestic firms.
		Last year, the Japan Highway Public Corporation, a state-run organisation, became embroiled in one of the largest bid-rigging scandals in recent Japanese history.
	www.ft.com /cms/s/12440b4e-c554-11da-b675-0000779e2340.html (549 words)

	Harvard International Review: Bad Hair Day
		They are the three postal service corporations, which are slated to be privatized in 2003, and the four public corporations that construct and manage roads and bridges.
		The public corporations, though they may have helped Japan recover from the economic devastation of World War II, are ill-placed in today’s economy.
		Koizumi responded to his critics by saying that their language is outdated and that in Japan’s present state the LDP cannot preserve its old ways and must change to fit modern circumstances.
	hir.harvard.edu /articles/print.php?article=981 (1066 words)

	1994 US-Japan Telecom Procurement Agreement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Government of Japan reaffirms the Framework for a New Economic Partnership established by the "Joint Statement on the Japan-United States Framework for a New Economic Partnership" of the Heads of the Governments of Japan and the United States on July 10, 1993 (hereinafter referred to as the "Framework").
		The Government of Japan welcomes these policies of the Government of the United States, and implements the Measures and Guidelines and the contents of this letter.
		The Government of Japan has decided to issue and implement these Operational Guidelines to supplement and clarify the Measures on Japanese Public Sector Procurement of Telecommunications Products and Services (hereinafter referred to as "the Measures") which were decided by the Committee for Drawing Up and Promoting the Action Program on 28th March, 1994, as follows.
	www.mac.doc.gov /japan/source/menu/telecom/enc2.html (8532 words)

	Japan - Economic analysis of government policies, investment climate and political risk.
		Since Japan is one of the developed countries in the world which have great influence in world environment, we have great responsibilities to maintain good condition of environment and enforce environmental protection regulations as much as possible.
		Japan is a homogeneous country and its compulsory education to build up literacy is strict and good for everyone.
		Japan?s imports/exports with the U.S., EU, China, Asia NIES, ASEAN are at a surplus.
	www.mkeever.com /japan.html (6548 words)

	AEI - Short Publications
		If the government of Japan, through ordinary government processes, had borrowed the same amount of funds in the public markets, and then used it in the conventional way to build roads, airports, bridges and port facilities on which it collected fees and tolls, there would be no question that this was government spending.
		If the government decrees that a bridge or a highway is to be built at a particular place, and allocates the resources to accomplish that purpose, the bridge or highway comes into existence, no matter its economic justification.
		FILP corporations that can survive without government support are meeting a legitimate public need—that’s why they are able to survive—while those that cannot must be justified on some other basis.
	www.aei.org /publications/pubID.14861,filter.all/pub_detail.asp (7273 words)

	Wayne Abba's Visit Report
		PMITC and MOC officials sponsored a one-day symposium in Tokyo on February 17, 1999, to announce the decision and to introduce EVM to the public.
		The MOC objective is to have a national standard in place by 2002 and to implement EVM for all public works projects by 2004.
		Japan’s independent decision to embrace DoD-pioneered EVM project management principles following a worldwide, yearlong search for best practices adds confidence that we are on the right track.
	www.acq.osd.mil /pm/internat/japan/abba_visit/japan_rpt.html (576 words)

	PUBLIC ROADS On-Line (Autumn 1994): COMPARISON OF THE SAFETY OF LIGHTING OPTIONS ON URBAN FREEWAYS
		However, the majority of these studies were conducted in the 1960s and early 1970s, and the results from these studies may be outdated.
		On our nation's highways, there have been many changes in traffic flow, vehicle fleet, and road-user demography in the past 20 to 30 years.
		A photolog is a series of sequential images taken from a moving vehicle at approximately driver's eye level to provide a permanent record of the state-maintained roadway network.
	www.tfhrc.gov /pubrds/fall94/p94au8.htm (4420 words)

	Hansen Information Technologies - News
		Covering a land area slightly smaller than the State of California, Japan is one of the most densely populated, yet rapidly aging countries of the world.
		Japan has nearly 800,000 miles of roads, more than 83% of which are managed by municipal governments.
		PCKK is the largest consulting firm in Japan and the fifth largest pure design firm in the world.
	www.hansen.com /news/press-release/02-17-2005.asp (600 words)

	The Hindu : Koizumi optimistic, launches campaign
		Koizumi said the thrust of his structural reforms, the centre-piece of his political platform, was that the private sector should be allowed to "do what it can''.
		The revamp of the Japan Highway Public Corporation and the privatisation of the postal services were some of the priorities, he said.
		Naoto Kan, leader of the Opposition Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), set out on the campaign trail by calling for votes for a corruption-free administration that would not also be dominated by bureaucrats.
	www.hindu.com /2003/10/29/stories/2003102900651800.htm (290 words)

	Street Sweeping in Tokyo, Japan
		Sweeping in Japan is more like American sweeping than it is in either Hong Kong or Mainland China, our previous two stops on this journalistic adventure.
		In Japan, where urban space is at an absolute premium, there is very little room for a sweeper to maneuver.
		The fastest highways, basically the 100km/hour roadways, are under the control of the Japan Highway Public Corporation (JH).
	www.worldsweeper.com /Country/Japan/TokyoSweep.html (1193 words)

	Transportations (Japan) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Japan Air System japanese/english - JAS has 99 domestic routes.......Check the flight schedules and seating availability - Check daily flight information.
		JAPAN RAIL PASS 10 languages - it is a special ticket that is available only to travelers visiting Japan from foreign countries for sight-seeing.
		Japan Highway Public Corporation japanese / english - Includes info about highways, driving in Japan, traffic congestion calendar, and highway navigator with prices for toll roads.
	www.tuttinsieme.it /tutti/tut/as/japan/transportations.htm (420 words)

	[No title]
		It is highly relevant for replacing conventional retaining wall systems in the highway construction, such as widening of highway embankment and bridge abutments.
		For applications other than highways, related specifications and guidelines should also be consulted.
		This Manual is written based on the results of application to railway-related structures, which are subject to stringent technical requirements.
	www.civil.columbia.edu /~ling/jr/chapter1.html (670 words)

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