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	Encyclopedia: General MIDI
		General MIDI 2 is a group of extensions made to General MIDI 1 in 1999, which increases both the number of available sounds and the amount of control available for sound editing and musical performance.
		MIDI is almost directly responsible for bringing an end to the "wall of synthesizers" phenomenon in 1970s-80s rock music concerts, when musical keyboard performers were sometimes hidden behind banks of various instruments.
		General MIDI (GM) was an attempt by the MIDI Manufacturer's Association (MMA) to resolve this problem by standardizing an instrument program number map, so that for example Program Change 1 always results in a piano sound on all GM-compliant players.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/General-MIDI (514 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: General MIDI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		General MIDI is a specification for synthesizer ((music) an electronic instrument (usually played with a keyboard) that generates and modifies sounds electronically and can imitate a variety of other musical instruments) s which imposes several requirements beyond the more abstract MIDI (The south of France) standard.
		While MIDI itself does provide a protocol ((computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data) which ensures that different instruments can interoperate at a fundamental level (e.g.
		General MIDI was first standardised in 1991, by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) and the Japan MIDI Standards Committee (JMSC), and has since been adopted as an addendum to the main MIDI standard.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/general_midi3.htm (1923 words)

	MIDI Messages - Standard MIDI Format (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		MIDI message is made up of an eight-bit status byte which is generally followed by one or two data bytes.
		MIDI keyboard instruments have the ability to sense the amount of pressure which is being applied to the keys while they are depressed.
		MIDI instrument keyboard, the time skew between playback of notes when 10 keys are pressed simultaneously should not exceed 10 ms, this would not be perceptible.
	www.thewhippinpost.co.uk /midi/midi-messages.htm (2019 words)

	EP0600639 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A standard for the MIDI interface has been prepared and published as a joint effort between the MIDI Manufacturer's Association (MMA) and the Japan MIDI Standards Committee (JMSC).
		This standard is subject to change by agreement between JMSC and MMA and is currently published as the MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification, Document Version 4.1, January 1989.
		MIDI messages are sent over any of sixteen channels which may be utilized for a variety of performance information.
	swpat.ffii.org /patents/txt/ep/0600/639 (6664 words)

	General MIDI (GM)
		In September of 1991 the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) and the Japan MIDI Standards Committee (JMSC) created the beginning of a new era in MIDI technology, by adopting the "General MIDI System Level 1" specification (later renamed General MIDI Level 1), also known as "GM" (or now "GM1").
		General MIDI 1 was designed to provide a minimum level of performance compatibility among MIDI instruments, and has helped pave the way for MIDI in the growing consumer and multimedia markets.
		The General MIDI Lite device specification, released in 2001, is intended for equipment that does not have the capability to support the full feature set defined in General MIDI 1, on the assumption that the reduced performance may be acceptable (and even required) in some mobile applications.
	www.midi.org /about-midi/gm/gminfo.shtml (285 words)

	EP0484046 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		MIDI messages are sent over any of sixteen channels which may be utilised for a variety of performance information.
		A problem which has arisen as a result of the serial nature of the MIDI standard occurs when a user desires to edit a MIDI file by removing sections from one area of the file for utilisation in a second or subsequent file or by deleting and/or altering sections of an existing file.
		Due to the serial nature of a MIDI file, the removal of a section of that file in a traditional "cut and paste" type operation may cause serious problems due to the removal of information which is necessary for the source file to continue to function.
	swpat.ffii.org /patents/txt/ep/0484/046 (8600 words)

	MIDI Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The MMA (MIDI Manufacturers Association), JMSC (Japan MIDI Standards Committee), and the IMA (International MIDI Association) are formed.
		MIDI software for PCs is abundant but lacks the more intuitive graphic interface of the Mac or Atari.
		MIDI is firmly established beyond its music industry origins into both the pro audio and consumer markets.
	www.occ.cccd.edu /faculty/jmcenary/timeline/timeline.htm (1137 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		MIDI - the Musical Instrument Digital Interface - is a protocol specifying how electronic musical instruments may be controlled remotely.
		By August 1983 when the MIDI 1.0 Standard was formally published, two industry organizations: the MIDI Manufacturer's Association (MMA), and the Japan MIDI Standards Committee were now governing the development of MIDI.
		However, shortly after the 1.0 standard was published, an additional document was published to solidify some vague areas like specifying which instruments should be on a given channel.
	www.sprawlingdelusions.com /Projects/Midi/WhatisMIDI.htm (148 words)

	Practical MIDI FAQ
		MIDI is in fact a method of communicating between multiple electronic instruments.
		MIDI is not a description of a sound or of an audio stream as many falsely believe.
		MIDI connections are unidirectional, though often a synthesizer will have a "MIDI In" and a "MIDI Out" at very least.
	www.thetesseract.org /~ebayer/midi (2611 words)

	Method and apparatus for dynamic MIDI synthesizer filter control - Patent 5117726
		In a preferred embodiment of the present invention a filter control circuit is also utilized to limit the output of the filter to a maximum level so that output stability is always maintained, independent of the initial conditions and filter coefficients of the filter.
		The MIDI standard permits the transmittal of a serial listing of program status messages and channel messages, such as "note on" and "note off" and as consequence require substantially less digital data to encode than the straightforward digitization of an analog music signal.
		However, the relationship between MIDI note numbers and W.sub.c may be expressed as shown below: ##EQU4## Since we are interested in relative performance, the cosine argument of equation (6) may be represented by the following: ##EQU5## Where C is a constant.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5117726.html (4416 words)

	History of Midi
		MIDI commands consist of one or more bytes of data, and include such things as note on and off commands, clock synchronization, etc. These commands are transmitted serially, at a specified rate of 31250 bits/sec, but most MIDI messages have a slot for a channel number.
		Even with these additions to the MMA's standard, the MIDI format is not sufficient, by itself, to produce a full musical score, nor as a storage mechanism for such a score which has been parsed electronically.
		MIDI is not without its limitations, made all the more problematic in that they are not just accidents of implementation - they are inherent in the underlying models that MIDI builds upon.
	www.infocellar.com /sound/midi/history.htm (1509 words)

	MIDI BASICS
		Messages received at the MIDI In jack are split: one copy of the message stream enters the slave, which responds in the normal manner, while the other copy is diverted to the MIDI Thru jack, which sends it on to the next connected slave.
		MIDI includes code numbers for 128 chromatic notes (numbered from 0 to 127), which exceeds the range of a piano and was deemed sufficient for most musical situations.
		Although MIDI is designed to be a common language that all electronic musical instruments can understand regardless of their manufacturer, the designers of MIDI decided it was important to be able to encode information that is unique to each instrument, such as exactly how the instrument generates its sound.
	remixmag.com /mag/remix_midi_basics/index.html (4110 words)

	Method and apparatus for simultaneous output of digital audio and midi synthesized music - Patent 5054360
		The apparatus for simultaneously outputting digital audio and MIDI synthesized music according to claim 6, further including a digital-to-analog converter coupled to said additive mixer means for converting said composite output to an analog signal.
		The apparatus for simultaneously outputting digital audio and MIDI synthesized music according to claim 7, further including audio output means coupled to said digital-to-analog converter for outputting said analog signal.
		Similarly, in the event eight note polyphony is desired, sufficient MIDI data must be retrieved from memory to synthesize each note which is active for the portion of synthesized music to be created.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5054360.html (3817 words)

	WHC Report of the Bureau, 24-29 June 1996
		IV.2 As to the Eleventh General Assembly, it was noted that the Committee at its nineteenth session prepared already a draft resolution and that it requested the Bureau to prepare a report for examination by the World Heritage Committee at its twentieth session and for subsequent submission to the General Assembly.
		As to the draft resolution prepared by the Committee, the Bureau was of the opinion that it was the result of long and substantive consultations among the Committee members and a great number of observer delegations, and that, therefore, no substantial changes in its text should be considered.
		The Committee, therefore, decided to retain the site on the List of World Heritage in Danger and requested the Bulgarian authorities to prepare a status report on their efforts to restore the site, to be presented in three year's time.
	whc.unesco.org /archive/repbur96.htm (15509 words)

	A MIDI Tutorial - Control Change Messages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		MIDI Control Change messages are used to control a wide variety of functions in a synthesizer.
		The bank select function is used in some synthesizers in conjunction with the MIDI Program Change message to expand the number of different instrument sounds which may be specified (the Program Change message alone allows selection of one of 128 possible program numbers).
		Parameter data is transferred by first selecting the parameter number to be edited using controllers 98 and 99 or 100 and 101, and then adjusting the data value for that parameter using controller number 6, 96, or 97.
	www.dsi.unive.it /~smm/2002/si/docs/miditutorial/mt_cochg.htm (539 words)

	Press Release - SMF C&L Committee
		The MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) has announced an industry initiative to promote the licensing of commercial music in Standard MIDI file (SMF) format.
		The "SMF Copyright and Licensing Committee" was formed -- with the assistance of charter members Roland and Yamaha -- to communicate the interests of the music products industry and its customers to music publishers, artists, and copyright holders in hopes of developing a strong market for commercial MIDI files.
		Japan and parts of Europe enjoy healthy markets in the areas of MIDI music data sales, where a single mail order outlet can sell up to 10,000 disks a month.
	www.midi.org /newsviews/smfjan18.shtml (643 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		MIDI Manufacturers Association General MIDI System Level 1 In September of 1991 the MIDI Manufacturers Association and the Japan MIDI Standards Committee created the beginning of a new era in MIDI technology, by adopting the "General MIDI System - Level 1" specification (GM).
		The specification is designed to provide a minimum level of performance compatibility among MIDI instruments, and help pave the way for MIDI to become a part of the growing consumer and multimedia markets.
		However, General MIDI does not actually define the way the sound will be reproduced, only the name of that sound.
	www.sm5sxl.net /~mats/text/music/midi/gminfo.txt (407 words)

	MIDI specification
		MIDI enables synthesizers, sequencers, home computers, rhythm machines, etc. to be intercon- nected through a standard interface.
		When MIDI is implemented, the relationship between the sixteen available MIDI channels and the synthesizer's voice assignment must be defined.
		A MIDI receiver may be assigned to one or more Basic Channels by default or by user control.
	usuarios.maptel.es /jbercher/Midispec.htm (2600 words)

	A MIDI Tutorial - Control Change Messages
		Controller numbers 16-19 and 80-83 are defined to be general purpose controllers, and controller numbers 48-51 may be used to send an optional LSB for controller numbers 16-19.
		A MIDI device need not have an actual physical control on it in order to respond to a particular controller.For example, even though a rack-mount sound module may not have a Mod Wheel on it, the module will likely still respond to and utilize Modulation controller messages to modify its sound.
		The Part affected by a particular controller message is the one assigned to the message's MIDI channel.
	home.wxs.nl /~roosp/mt_cochg.htm (833 words)

	GM1
		The General MIDI Lite device specification was released in 2001, and is intended for equipment that does not have the capability to support the full feature set defined in General MIDI 1.
		It is the most widely used Midi set, and is used by virtually all of the synthesized midi codecs.
		General MIDI 2 is a group of extensions made to General MIDI 1, which increases both the number of available sounds and the amount of control available for sound editing and musical performance.
	www.infocellar.com /sound/midi/gm1.htm (751 words)

	Fil's FAQ-Link-In Corner: MIDI FAQ
		MIDI enables synthesizers, sequencers, home computers, rhythm machines, etc. to be interconnected through a standard interface.
		All MIDI communication is acheived through multi-byte "messages" consisting of one Status byte followed by one or two Data bytes, except Real-Time and Exclusive messages (see below).
		Is an internal register which holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat = 6 MIDI clocks) since the start of the song.
	www.repairfaq.org /filipg/LINK/F_MIDI.html (2864 words)

	Encyclopedia: General MIDI
		Updated 63 days 6 hours 3 minutes ago.
		While MIDI itself does provide a protocol which ensures that different instruments can interoperate at a fundamental level (e.g.
		Musical Instrument Digital Interface, or MIDI, is a system designed to transmit information between electronic musical instruments.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/General_MIDI (513 words)

	PC NOTES
		In both cases the images were a bit jerky and required video expansion cards to give reasonable performance, but the interesting point is that both systems were using standard desktop computers, rather than the high-powered workstations usually associated with this kind of operation.
		The first is a budget MIDI sequencer which -- as you can guess from the name -- is designed to be used with Roland's GS sound modules, as well as General MIDI devices.
		Audition GS uses standard music notation for editing the MIDI data and allows you to create new GS voices as well as controlling the effects on GS or GM sound modules.
	www.soundonsound.com /sos/1994_articles/aug94/pcnotes.html (2013 words)

	General MIDI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		General MIDI is a specification for musical synthesisers whichimposes several requirements beyond the more abstract MIDIstandard.
		All is still licensed under the GNU FDL.
		On the very night that the men of the Thirty-second came in from Oude, took refuge in the fortified post prepared for them; and from that.
	www.termsdefined.net /ge/general-midi.html (455 words)

	[No title]
		Date: 24 Sep 90 16:24:27 GMT Sender: news@aplcen.apl.jhu.edu Reply-To: gwe@aplvax.jhuapl.edu (Garry Elliott) Organization: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab Lines: 662 Nntp-Posting-Host: std-gwe-mac.jhuapl.edu There have been two requests in the last week for the MIDI 1.0 Spec., one from Holland and the other from Western Australia (both places I'd love to visit).
		I am not an expert on MIDI but I do have a copy of the spec, reprocuded below.
		DATA FORMAT All MIDI communication is acheived through multi-byte "messages" consisting of one Status byte followed by one or two Data bytes, except Real-Time and Exclusive messages (see below).
	www.midi-classics.com /midispec.txt (2832 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		NRPN is identical to that of RPN, except that Registered Parameter Numbers are agreed upon by the MMA (MIDI Manufacturers Association) and JMSC (Japan MIDI Standards Committee), and Non Registered Parameter Number may be assigned as needed by individual manufacturers.
		As NRPN and Data Entry messages are MIDI controller messages, any MIDI sequencer software that supports editing of controller messages (such as Cakewalk, MasterTracks Pro) is capable of sending them.
		For SB AWE32 NRPN to be functional, NRPN MSB has to be 127, and NRPN LSB set to the desired parameter to be controlled (see Section H for a list of available NRPN LSB).
	www.geocities.jp /shansoundfont/nrpn.txt (1264 words)

	Literature Review
		In the late 1980s, Osaka University in Japan started a project which was aimed at extracting sentiments (feelings) from musical signals, and at constructing a robotic system that could respond to music as a human listener does [Katayose89].
		The achronym MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, and is a standard way of representing and communicating musical notes and their parameters between two digital devices [General91].
		[General91] MIDI Manufacturers Association and the Japan MIDI Standards Committee.
	www.cs.tut.fi /~klap/iiro/literature.html (1972 words)

	Gregorian chant on the net
		The group was originally intended as a sort of working committee for the interests of Gregorian chant within the Lutheran church of Jena.
		The Willibrord Translation has come to be the standard reference in Dutch Bible reading and liturgical use.
		The RSCM is an educational charity dedicated to raising standards and promoting music in every style of Christian worship and every denomination.
	www.schuyesmans.be /gregoriaans/EN/ENnet.htm (5297 words)

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