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Topic: Japanese American internment

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Japanese Canadian internment

Civil Liberties Act of 1988

Ex parte Endo

Japanese internment

War Relocation Authority

Detention camp

Internment camp

Executive Order 9066

Japanese

Japanese American

David Lowman

Japanese Canadian

Internment

	Japanese-American Internment in WWII Photographs Exhibit, Univ. Utah
		Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the United States was gripped by war hysteria.
		Leaders in California, Oregon, and Washington, demanded that the residents of Japanese ancestry be removed from their homes along the coast and relocated in isolated inland areas.
		Internment camps were scattered all over the interior West, in isolated desert areas of Arizona, California, Utah, Idaho, Colorado, and Wyoming, where Japanese-Americans were forced to carry on their lives under harsh conditions.
	www.lib.utah.edu /spc/photo/9066/9066.htm (261 words)

	Japanese American Internment Memorial
		San Jose, CA On March 5, 1994 a panoramic bronze memorial dedicated to Japanese Americans interned during World War II was unveiled by it's sculptor, Ruth Asawa, in the east plaza of the Robert Peckham Federal Building, only half a block away from the original War Relocation Authority Building for Washington, California and Arizona.
		Japanese Americans boarding the train to the Santa Anita Race Track where, like the sculptor, Asawa, they were held in horse stalls for approximately 6 months until permanent camps were built.
		The pictoral ends with the fight against the injustice of the internment which is represented by the portraits of such Japanese American leaders as Fred Korematsu, Gordon Hirabayashi and Minoru Yasui.
	www.scu.edu /SCU/Programs/Diversity/memorial.html (831 words)

	Japanese-American Internment - Liberty - Themepark
		So Japanese Americans were forced to leave their homes, sell much of their property at enormous losses, and move into detention/internment camps as a result of Executive Order 9066, issued by President Franklin Roosevelt on February 19, 1942.
		Japanese Americans in Hawaii did not suffer this same fate because they made up such a large proportion of the population of the territory of Hawaii.
		Virtually travel to the ten Japanese internment camps in the U.S. Read an interview with Hiroyo Kato, a 91 year old first generation Japanese immigrant and learn about her experiences at Tule Lake internment camp.
	www.uen.org /themepark/liberty/japanese.shtml (1219 words)

	Japanese Interment: Videos in the Media Resources Center UCB
		In this documentary six Japanese Americans who were incarcerated as children in the camps reveal their experiences, cultural and familial issues during incarceration, the long internalized grief and shame they felt and how this early trauma manifested itself in their adult lives.
		Japanese Relocation is the official government whitewash documentary about the removal of 110,000 Japanese (two thirds of them U.S. citizens) from the potential "combat zone" of the West coast to "relocation camps" in the American interior.
		This documentary examines the resettlement of Japanese Americans after World War II through the signing of HR442 by President Reagan in 1988, wherein it was formally acknowledged that internment was based on racism and merited an apology and reparation.The program focuses on the 1950s, 60s and 70s the time of the baby boom families.
	www.lib.berkeley.edu /MRC/internment.html (3801 words)

	[No title]
		The internment of thousands of Japanese Americans during World War II is one of the most shameful episodes in American history.
		Composed of Japanese Americans, the 442nd/100th fought valiantly in the European Theater even as many of their families remained in the detention camps stateside.
		Japanese American Internment, Santa Clara Valley -- On-Line Exhibit This exhibit, on permanent display at the Japanese American Resource Center in San Jose, California's Japantown, depicts the internment camp life of the many Santa Clara Valley Japanese Americans who were interned.
	www.lycos.com /info/japanese-american-internment.html (553 words)

	Japanese American Resource Library
		The internment of Americans of Japanese ancestry during World War II is a significant yet often neglected moment in U.S. history.
		Japanese Americans were said to be signaling with lights and by radio to Japanese submarines lying off the West Coast.
		Japanese Americans were free to return to their homes on the West Coast effective January 1945.
	asianamerican.uconn.edu /jarl.htm (1016 words)

	PBS \| The Fillmore: Japanese American Internment Lesson Plan
		Find a map of internment camps in the US and identify the number of Japanese Americans imprisoned.Students could create a map of internment camps locations.
		In groups of 3, role play 3 generations of a Japanese American family: (1) a grandparent who lived in an internment camp as a young adult, (2) a parent who lived there as a child, and (3) a grandchild who was born after 1970.
		Assess students' understanding of historical events, the human consequences of internment, the logic of arguments, and the appropriateness of citations from the Constitution to substantiate their points.
	www.pbs.org /kqed/fillmore/classroom/internment.html (1088 words)

	Teaching about Japanese-American Internment. ERIC Digest.
		When the United States entered World War II following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Japanese immigrants and their descendants, including those born in the United States and therefore citizens by birth, were placed in a very awkward situation.
		Point out that the denial of due process to Japanese Americans was the central civil rights violation in their experience with internment.
		In February 1943, after the internment of Japanese Americans from the West Coast had been completed, the War Department and the War Relocation Authority required all internees 17 years of age and older to answer a questionnaire.
	www.ericdigests.org /2001-3/japanese.htm (1404 words)

	Asian Americans - Japanese American Internment
		The weakest from a Japanese standpoint are the Nisei.
		The Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) is a membership organization whose mission is to secure and maintain the human and civil rights of Americans of Japanese ancestry and others victimized by injustice.
		The National Japanese American Historical Society (NJAHS), founded in 1980 in San Francisco, is a non-profit membership supported organization dedicated to the preservation, promotion, and dissemination of materials relating to the history and culture of Japanese Americans.
	www.asianamericans.com /JapaneseAmericanInternment.htm (3433 words)

	A \| More \| Perfect \| Union
		During the opening months of World War II, almost 120,000 Japanese Americans, two-thirds of them citizens of the United States, were forced out of their homes and into detention camps established by the U.S. government.
		Japanese internees struggled with the dehumanizing effects of being imprisoned, working to create as normal a life as possible behind the barbed wire...
		By 1946, Japanese Americans were released from the internment camps, but the injustice of the war years was not forgotten...
	americanhistory.si.edu /perfectunion/non-flash/overview.html (271 words)

	Internment of Japanese Americans in Concentration Camps
		Hirbayashi, an American citizen of Japanese ancestry, was convicted in the district court of knowingly disregarding restrictions made applicable by a military commander to persons in a military area prescribed by him as such, all as authorized by an Executive Order of the President.
		There is support for the view that social, economic and political conditions which have prevailed since the close of the last century, when the Japanese began to come to this country in substantial numbers, have intensified their solidarity and have in large measure prevented their assimilation as an integral part of the white population.
		American citizen of Japanese ancestry petitioned for writ of coram nobis to vacate his 1942 conviction for being in a place from which all persons of Japanese ancestry were excluded pursuant to a civilian exclusion order.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/02rights/intern01.htm (3646 words)

	Japanese American Internment Camps St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture - Find Articles
		Many of these Japanese and Japanese Americans would spend the remainder of World War II in the camps, which were located in Gila River,; Arizona; Granada,; Colorado; Heart Mountain,; Wyoming; Jerome,; Arkansas; Manzanar,; California; Minidoka,; Idaho; Poston,; Arizona; Rohwer,; Arkansas; Topaz,; Utah; and Tule Lake, California.
		The internment of the issei (first generation) and the Nisei (second generation, American-born) was authorized by President Franklin D. Roosevelt through Executive Order 9066 (February 19, 1942),; which sanctioned the evacuation of any and all persons from "military zones" established along the coastline.
		The 1982 report issued by the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians concluded that the removal of the issei and Nisei was not a military necessity, but occurred because of racism, wartime hysteria, and poor political leadership.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_tov/ai_2419100638 (922 words)

	Japanese Internment in World War II
		Roosevelt's executive order was fueled by anti-Japanese sentiment among farmers who competed against Japanese labor, politicians who sided with anti-Japanese constituencies, and the general public, whose frenzy was heightened by the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor.
		According to a 1943 report published by the War Relocation Authority (the administering agency), Japanese Americans were housed in "tarpaper-covered barracks of simple frame construction without plumbing or cooking facilities of any kind." Coal was hard to come by, and internees slept under as many blankets as they were alloted.
		In 1968, nearly two dozen years after the camps were closed, the government began reparations to Japanese Americans for property they had lost.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/internment1.html (764 words)

	Japanese-American Internment
		Japanese American internment raised questions about the rights of American citizens as embodied in the first ten amendments to the Constitution.
		Pretend that you are a Japanese American housed in one of the interment camps during WWII.
		The evacuation of the Japanese Canadians, or Nikkei, from the Pacific Coast in the early months of 1942 was the greatest mass movement in the history of Canada.
	42explore.com /japanese.htm (1346 words)

	Lesson Plan no. 30 \| Japanese American Internment \| AskAsia.org
		Situation: Three years after their internment, Japanese Americans were allowed to return to the West Coast, where they often faced signs that told them to "go back where they came from" or graffiti telling them they were not welcome.
		The readings are excerpts from Japanese American Journey edited by Florence Hongo (teachers can obtain copy of this book in their local library or order a copy from JACP at 800-874-2242).
		While keeping in mind that virtually all internees were American citizens, students should determine which of their constitutional rights were violated during the internment.
	www.askasia.org /teachers/lessons/plan.php?no=30 (1323 words)

	Japanese-American Internment
		Japanese American internment raised questions about the rights of American citizens as embodied in the first ten amendments to the Constitution.
		Pretend that you are a Japanese American housed in one of the interment camps during WWII.
		The evacuation of the Japanese Canadians, or Nikkei, from the Pacific Coast in the early months of 1942 was the greatest mass movement in the history of Canada.
	www.42explore2.com /japanese.htm (1346 words)

	Digital History
		He was first Congressman from Hawaii and the first American of Japanese descent to serve in either House of Congress.
		Yet we must recognize that the internment of Japanese-Americans was just that, a mistake.'' More than a mistake, it was a grave violation of civil liberties and a blot on America’s commitment to constitutional rights.
		Why were Japanese Americans expelled from their homes and incarcerated in internment camps - even though not one Japanese American was charged with espionage or sabotage during the war - and why did internment last, on average, for nearly three years?
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /learning_history/japanese_internment/internment_menu.cfm (717 words)

	AsiaSource: AsiaTODAY - A resource of the Asia Society
		Sixty years ago, in the wake of the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Japanese Americans became the victims of a widespread onslaught of racial discrimination and were viewed as a national security threat by both the general American public and the U.S government.
		Regardless of citizenship status, Americans of Japanese descent required registration and were subjected to random search and seizure raids, freezing of bank accounts, curfews, property confiscation including the seizure of all guns, short wave radios and cameras.
		In the months that followed, over 120,000 Americans of Japanese descent were forced to evacuate their homes and communities on the West Coast and relocate to internment camps in federally designated military zones further inland.
	www.asiasource.org /news/at_mp_02.cfm?newsid=63451 (516 words)

	Civil Rights - Law and History/Japanese American Internment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		However, the federal government and its military leaders decided that no one of Japanese ancestry could live on the west coast of the United States, while people of Italian and German ancestry could remain.
		In 1980, the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians was established by Congress.
		The Act was passed by Congress to provide a Presidential apology and symbolic payment of $20,000.00 to the internees, evacuees, and persons of Japanese ancestry who lost liberty or property because of discriminatory action by the Federal government during World War II.
	www.usdoj.gov /kidspage/crt/redress.htm (358 words)

	Japanese American internment Summary
		Between February and November 1942, nearly 120,000 West Coast residents of Japanese descent were evacuated from their homes and sent to government War Relocation Authority camps in remote areas of the West, South, and Southwest.
		The Japanese American Internment refers to the forcible relocation of approximately 112,000 to 120,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans, 62 percent of whom were United States citizens, from the West Coast of the United States during World War II to hastil...
		Research paper that focuses on the deprivation of basic civil liberties on Japanese Americans during before and after the interment camps were put into effect.
	www.bookrags.com /Japanese_American_internment (218 words)

	Japanese American Internment Experience On-Line Exhibit
		During World War II, approximately 110,000 Japanese Americans were evacuated from their homes and businesses to internment camps scattered throughout the interior of the United States.
		These permanent internment camps were constructed in rural areas where life was made more difficult by the harsh temperatures and desert and swamp-like environments.
		The barracks where the Japanese Americans would have to live were hastily built without consideration for the brutal climate or the need for privacy.
	www.scu.edu /SCU/Programs/Diversity/exhibit1.html (235 words)

	Japanese American Internment Timeline
		Declaring himself of Japanese ancestry, Yasui demands but fails to be arrested by a passing police officer, then presents himself at the Portland, Oregon Second Ave.
		Edison Uno and JACL colleagues introduce a resolution to at the 1970 Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) National Convention to seek compensation from the government for the internment.
		The Service rules that the controversial former Japanese American Citizens League leader's name and quotation will be included on the monument, but that reference to a "Japanese American Creed" will be omitted.
	www.imdiversity.com /Villages/Asian/history_heritage/archives/japanese_american_internment_timeline.asp (2389 words)

	Japan Digest \| Teaching about Japanese-American Internment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Portions of this Japan Digest were summarized from the curriculum module “Civil Rights and the Japanese- American Internment,” SPICE, Stanford University, 2000.
		Japanese Americans were thrust into a precarious position following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor; this is an important issue to present to students.
		While the Japanese American Citizens League, a civil rights organization, urged compliance with the internment orders, several Japanese Americans protested and/or deliberately violated one or more of the evacuation orders.
	www.indiana.edu /~japan/Digests/internment.html (1289 words)

	topaz internment camp - Website of the Topaz Internment Camp in Utah
		The Children of the Camps documentary captures the experiences of six Americans of Japanese ancestry who were confined as innocent children to internment camps by the U.S. government during World War II.
		Companion website to documentary about a handful of young Japanese Americans who refused to be drafted from the American concentration camp at Heart Mountain, Wyoming.
		National Asian American Telecommunications Association NAATA's mission is to present stories that convey the richness and diversity of the Asian Pacific American experience to the broadest audience possible.
	topazmuseum.org /resources.html (994 words)

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