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Topic: Japanese Canadian internment

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	Japanese Canadian internment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unlike Japanese American internment, where families were generally kept together, Canada initially sent its male evacuees to road camps in the British Columbian interior, to sugar beet projects on the Prairies, or to internment in a POW camp in Ontario, while women and children were moved to six inland British Columbia towns
		The Nikkei Memorial Internment Centre in New Denver, British Columbia, is an interpretive centre that honors the history of the these Japanese Canadians, many of which were interred in the New Denver area.
		CBC Archives - Relocation to Redress: The Internment of the Japanese Canadians
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_Canadian_internment (724 words)

	Japanese American Internment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Almost 000 Japanese Americans and resident Japanese aliens would eventually be removed from their in California western Oregon and Washington and southern Arizona as part of the single largest relocation in U.S. history.
		Japanese Americans in Hawaii were not subject to the internment despite the fact that they were closer essential military facilities than most of the Americans in the western states.
		Japanese Canadians were interned by their government during War II.
	www.freeglossary.com /Japanese_American_Internment (3517 words)

	The Ultimate Japanese American internment - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Almost 120,000 Japanese Americans and resident Japanese aliens would eventually be removed from their homes in California, western Oregon and Washington, and southern Arizona as part of the single largest forced relocation in U.S. history.
		Japanese Americans in Hawaii were not subject to the strict internment policy, despite the fact that they were closer to essential military facilities than most of the Japanese Americans in the western states.
		Japanese Canadians were interned by their government during World War II.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Japanese_American_Internment (4020 words)

	Japanese American Internment - Removal of Japanese and Japanese Americans During WWII
		The Japanese American internment refers to the exclusion and subsequent removal of approximately 112,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans, officially classified as "persons of Japanese ancestry", from certain parts of the United States during World War II to temporary relocation camps in the nation's interior.
		Internment is strictly limited to non-citizens, under the Alien Enemy Act, however with governmental approval children and spouses who were American citizens were allowed to also be interned with their relatives.
		Japanese Americans in Hawaii were not subject in the internment policy, despite the fact that they were closer to essential military facilities than most of the Japanese Americans in the western states.
	www.japan-101.com /history/japanese_american_internment.htm (3361 words)

	JapaneseCanadianHistory.net Home Page
		In contrast, all Japanese Canadians, including those who had fought in Canada's armed forces in World War I, were labelled “enemy aliens” by the Government of Canada and were interned.
		When they were forced from their homes, Japanese Canadians were told that they could take with them only what they could carry (two suitcases or 150 lbs for adults and 75 lbs for children).
		The Japanese Canadian Redress movement stressed the importance of achieving justice for those who were still alive, even though the restitution was only symbolic.
	www.japanesecanadianhistory.net /faqs.htm (441 words)

	The Epoch Times \| This Week in Canadian History: Japanese Internment Begins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		One key difference is that while American policy kept Japanese families together, the Canadian government initially sent men to camps in the interior of B.C., the prairies or to internment in POW camps as far away as Ontario, while most women and children were sent to six inland B.C towns.
		Of the 22,000 Japanese Canadians placed in internment camps, 4000 were stripped of their Canadian citizenship and deported to Japan and a further 6000 were deported after the war’s end.
		Unlike prisoners of war protected by the Geneva Convention, Japanese Canadians were forced to pay for their internment and in 1943 the Canadian “Custodian of Aliens” liquidated all possessions and property belonging to those interned.
	english.epochtimes.com /news/5-2-28/26655.html (525 words)

	Japanese Canadian Internment - Information at the University of Washington Libraries and Beyond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Tensions mounted and early in 1942 the Ottawa government bowed to West Coast pressure and began the relocation of Japanese nationals and Canadian citizens alike.
		During the period of detention, the Canadian government spent one-third the per capita amount expended by the U.S. on Japanese American evacuees.
		In 1988, 111 years after the first Japanese entered Canada, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney formally apologized to Japanese Canadians and authorized the provision of $21,000 (Cdn.) to each of the survivors of wartime detention.
	www.lib.washington.edu /subject/Canada/internment/intro.html (463 words)

	The Politics of Racism: Chapter 4: Exile
		As a consequence, the B.C. Japanese arrived to find that they were expected to live in old, uninsulated granaries and chicken coops, to wash in and drink alkaline water from the sloughs and irrigation ditches, and to perform stoop labour far more strenuous than that to which they had been accustomed.
		Japanese Canadians in Winnipeg also had the assistance of the YWCA, the YMCA and influential individuals in that city's large Jewish community.
		Working at the interface between the exiled Japanese and the communities in which they were trying to settle, the few friends who helped Japanese Canadians in 1942 were unknowingly the vanguard of a growing movement that in time would help to restore the civil liberties of Japanese Canadians.
	www.japanesecanadianhistory.ca /Chapter4.html (10170 words)

	Modern Day Witch Hunts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Japanese Internment Camps in Canada - This article describes the kinds of camps that were created; the history and the outcome.
		Canadian-Japanese Internment: Information found at the University of Washington and Beyond - This article includes historical background that led to the internment of Japanese Canadian citizens.
		Japanese Canadian History.Net - The Japanese Canadian history web site is a companion to resource books developed with a Networks Grant from the Ministry of Education on the internment of Japanese Canadians from 1942 to 1949 and the attainment of redress in 1988.
	www.kn.sbc.com /wired/fil/pages/listwitchhuc.html (514 words)

	Canadian Concentration Camps
		On March 4, 1942, the BC Security Commission was established and 22,000 Japanese Canadians were given 24 hours to pack, before being incarcerated, interned, and separated from their families.
		In 1945 the Canadian government extended the War Measures Act which allowed the MacKenzie King government to execute the "final solution" which forced these Japanese Canadian citizens to repatriate to Japan (a country most of the Japanese Canadians had never been to before) or a forced a "dispersal" to eastern or midwest Canada.
		In 1988 redress for the Japanese Canadians was passed and the Prime Minister issued an apology for the miscarriage of justice that led to internment and incarceration.
	www.csuohio.edu /art_photos/canada/canada.html (673 words)

	Internment - DiscoverNikkei.org
		Relocation to Redress: The Internment of the Japanese Canadians (http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-71-568/conflict_war/internment/) (CBC Archives)
		During the Second World War, roughly 22,000 Japanese Canadians were forcibly evacuated from the west coast and resettled in other parts of the country.
		Canadian artist Michael Kluckner's on-line project "Vanishing British Columbia" (http://www.michaelkluckner.com/bciw.html) (subsequently published by UBC Press/University of Washington Press) documents a number of places and stories relating to Japanese-Canadians during and immediately after World War II.
	www.discovernikkei.org /wiki/Internment (1619 words)

	The Politics of Racism: Chapter 5: Dispossession
		The dispossession of Japanese Canadians was an accomplishment of Ian Mackenzie, the Minister of Pensions and Health and the Member of Parliament for Vancouver Centre.
		The liquidation of Japanese Canadian holdings on the Pacific Coast would solve that problem by generating funds to support the inmates of the detention camps, thereby sparing the government the expense.
		The dispossession of Canadian citizens, Angus wrote King, was contrary to British principles of justice and to the Atlantic Charter, and might well prompt an abuse of Canadian property in Japanese hands in Asia.
	www.japanesecanadianhistory.ca /Chapter5.html (5483 words)

	Japanese internment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Japanese internment is a term generally used to refer to one or both of the following events:
		Japanese American internment – the internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II.
		Japanese Canadian internment – the internment of Japanese Canadians in Canada during World War II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_internment (112 words)

	Japanese-American Internment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Japanese American internment raised questions about the rights of American citizens as embodied in the first ten amendments to the Constitution.
		Pretend that you are a Japanese American housed in one of the interment camps during WWII.
		The evacuation of the Japanese Canadians, or Nikkei, from the Pacific Coast in the early months of 1942 was the greatest mass movement in the history of Canada.
	www.42explore2.com /japanese.htm (1346 words)

	Reading Group Guide: The Electrical Field
		After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, all Japanese Canadians living on Canada's West Coast were herded into the exhibition grounds in Vancouver where for several months they slept in horse stalls.
		There was a collective silence among Japanese Canadians that had to do with a sense of shame, a sense that somehow they were to blame for their incarceration.
		For example, the protagonist, Miss Saito, is traumatized by memories of her brother's death; the trauma and tragedy are compounded by the fact that he died in an internment camp.
	www.wwnorton.com /rgguides/electricalfieldrgg.htm (2374 words)

	Vanishing B.C. Japanese-Canadian internment sites in the Slocan
		His son Kiyo is the little boy seated on the bench in the front row, third from left in the light coloured jacket.
		The Japanese Canadians were still not permitted to have their freedom.
		Eventually, in 1994, these buildings, a garden and interpretive materials were assembled into the Nikkei Internment Memorial Centre at 306 Josephine Street in the “Orchard.” One building is in original 1942 style, while another reflects the renovations people did in the 1950s.
	www.michaelkluckner.com /bciw4slocan.html (1276 words)

	Canadians for Equal Marriage
		The Canadian Race Relations Foundation was created after the Government of Canada and the National Association of Japanese Canadians signed the Japanese Canadian Redress Agreement.
		The Agreement acknowledged that the treatment of Japanese Canadians during and after World War II was unjust and violated principles of human rights.
		Harper to try to use the internment of Japanese-Canadians in a partisan attempt to criticize a political opponent is simply embarrasing,” said Mr.
	www.equal-marriage.ca /resource.php?id=176 (366 words)

	Canadians for Equal Marriage
		“Japanese Canadians are keenly aware of the injustices of the past, and of the politicians who perpetrated them.
		But the Japanese Canadian redress agreement was not written based on cheap political shots and retribution.
		It was a sincere acknowledgement of past injustices, and a blueprint for a future in which no Canadian should suffer injustice or be deprived of human rights because of the actions or his or her government.
	www.equal-marriage.ca /resource.php?id=174 (330 words)

	Masumi Hayashi Photography
		An additional componant to this art installation is a compilation of audiotaped interviews with internment camp suvivors.
		The "Canadian Concentration Camps" page shows some of Hayashi's work from her more recent travels to Japanese-Canadian Concentration Camp sites, and gives audiences a brief historical synopsis of the Canadian Government's reaction to its own population of Japanese immigrants during WWII.
		Internment camp statistical information is presented with the permission of the Japanese American National Museum and Brian Niiya, 1997.
	www.csuohio.edu /art_photos/index.html (611 words)

	JapaneseCanadianHistory.net - Resources
		Includes signing of the Redress Agreement between the National Association of Japanese Canadians and the Government of Canada on Sept. 22, 1988.
		The University of Washington holdings relating to the Japanese Canadian internment.
		Extensive files on the internment of Ukrainians in Canada durin the First World War.
	www.japanesecanadianhistory.net /resources.htm (246 words)

	Homework Help -- Japanese American Internment Camps
		A short article reproduced from the Seattle Times that describes the history of Japanese Americans in the Northwest leading up to and including the "evacuation" of 1942.
		The Decision To Evacuate the Japanese From the Pacific Coast
		Details the chronology of the internment process focusing on the administrative decision-making made by military and civilian authorities.
	www.kcls.org /hh/internment.cfm (423 words)

	japanese landscape painting - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library
		Canadian painters--Criticism and interpretation, Canadian painters--Works, Canadian painting--Criticism and interpretation, Canadian painting--Psychological aspects, Kurelek, William--Criticism and interpretation, Kurelek, William--Works, Landscape painting--Criticism and interpretation, Landscape painting--Psychological aspects, Painters, Canadian--Criticism and interpretation, Painters, Canadian--Works, Painting, Canadian--Criticism and interpretation, Painting, Canadian--Psychological aspects
		From the Japanese reproduction, we can see that the work...line of vison extends, is a desolate landscape of blankness.
		His...affectionately that the painting seems to shimmer...for imported Japanese cars, fresh...respect her painting is bang up-to-date...vernacular landscape which includes...stylization of Japanese and Zen Buddhist...their early paintings.
	www.questia.com /search/japanese-landscape-painting (1652 words)

	CanTeach: Links: Social Studies: War & the Holocaust - Japanese Internment
		The exhibit depicts life in the internment camp for many Santa Clara Valley Japanese Americans, the difficulties they experienced, and their efforts, after their release, to recreate some part of the life they had left behind.
		Internment and Evacuation of San Francisco Japanese — 1942
		Newspaper articles from the San Francisco News in the 1940s regarding Japanese-American internment.
	www.canteach.ca /links/linkinternment.html (207 words)

	The Japanese American Network
		There is often some confusion between "Japanese American" and "Japanese".
		In this section, we primarily give attention to the American history that relates to Americans of Japanese ancestry and their contributions to the United States.
		If you have a question about JA history, you might try posting a message in this forum, and perhaps another user may be able to help you or give you leads for an answer.
	www.janet.org /janet_history/ja_history.html (77 words)

	Canadian History
		The BC Archives is the central archives service for the government of British Columbia, and provides research access to records of enduring value to the province for both the provincial government and public clientele.
		View a selection of artifacts representative of archaeology, ethnology, folk culture, history, living history, the Canadian Children's Museum collection, and the Canadian Postal Museum collection; links to information on the library and archival collections and the collections of the Canadian War Museum.
		Through Images Canada, you can find images of the Canadian events, people, places and things that make up their collective heritage.
	www.plu.edu /~libr/web/canada.html (464 words)

	japan
		Final Report on the Evacuation of the Japanese 1943
		Japanese American National Museum: Hirasaki National Resource Center
		Relocation to Redress: The Internment of the Japanese Canadians -Conflict and War
	www.lfelem.lfc.edu /resources/languagearts/japan/japan.htm (58 words)

	National Association of Japanese Canadians
		Japanese Canadian National Museum - publishes Nikkei Images
		Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre - 5 Generations historical exhibit www.jccc.on.ca
		washington.edu/subject/Canada/internment/intro.html The University of Washington holdings relating to Japanese Canadian internment
	www.najc.ca /thenandnow/jp/resources_websites.php (29 words)

	East Asian Studies
		Japanese Canadian Timeline and bibliography - from the Japanese Canadian National Museum
		Canadian Periodical Index - indexes Canadian and international periodicals with an emphasis on mainstream and academic titles
		Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples - "Capturing and preserving first-hand accounts of first generation immigrants who share their early Canadian experience.
	www.ucalgary.ca /lib-old/subjects/ETAS/canasia.html (1004 words)

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