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Topic: Japanese Education

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	Japanese Education in Grades K-12. ERIC Digest.
		A goal of the new educational reforms that are being implemented during the 2002 school year is to increase use of task-oriented research approaches in secondary social studies and to decrease emphasis upon retention of large amounts of factual content.
		Japanese students are constantly exhorted by teachers to practice widely admired societal traits such as putting forth intense effort on any task and responding to greetings from teachers in a lively manner.
		Many Japanese believe that the examination system is too stressful, that the schools are too rigid and don't meet the needs of individual students, that contemporary students show little interest in studying, and that the educational system needs to produce more creative and flexible citizens for the twenty-first century.
	www.ericdigests.org /2002-2/japanese.htm (1736 words)

	Japan Digest \| Japanese Education (Updated September 2005) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Lucien Ellington is UC Foundation Professor of Education at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga.
		Japanese students spend at least six weeks longer in school each year than their American counterparts although Japan's school year was recently shortened when all required half-day Saturday public school attendance ended in 2002.
		Japanese students are constantly exhorted by teachers to practice widely admired societal traits such as putting forth intense effort on any task and responding to greetings from teachers in a lively manner.
	www.indiana.edu /~japan/digest5.html (2000 words)

	Japanese Education vs. Amerecan Edukashun
		Japanese scoring the highest, America scoring the lowest, and the Europeans scoring somewhere in between (Lynn 40).
		In early adolescence, Japanese students are 2 to 3 years ahead of their American counterparts and by the age of 18, 98% of Japanese students far surpass that of Americans of the same age.
		Japanese students do produce numbers greater than those of America but their main concern is only to "get ahead." They are expected to achieve high scores and if not, they are punished, physically or mentally.
	www.eserver.org /courses/fall95/76-100g/papers/kim (3103 words)

	japanese education
		The novel system of western-influenced education implemented under Arinori lead to the introduction of the stereotypical Japanese militaristic school of education in which physical drills were used to instill obedience, harmony, and physical fitness in children (Haiducek, 19-20).
		The final stage of Japanese education is best-titled the “Post-Occupation” phase, during which the adopted system consisted of six years of mandatory elementary school, followed by three years of mandatory junior high school, proceeded by three years of optional high school.
		Since the Japanese system of education is so rigidly hierarchical, children must focus on attaining admission to strong middle schools so that they can maximize their chances of attending an excellent high school and, in turn, an exceptional university.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~copeland/shah.html (3774 words)

	Japanese Education vs. Amerecan Edukashun
		Japanese scoring the highest, America scoring the lowest, and the Europeans scoring somewhere in between (Lynn 40).
		In early adolescence, Japanese students are 2 to 3 years ahead of their American counterparts and by the age of 18, 98% of Japanese students far surpass that of Americans of the same age.
		Japanese students do produce numbers greater than those of America but their main concern is only to "get ahead." They are expected to achieve high scores and if not, they are punished, physically or mentally.
	eserver.org /courses/fall95/76-100g/papers/kim/default.html (3103 words)

	Education in Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		But temple schools (terakoya) educated peasants too, and it is estimated that at the end of the Edo period 90% of the male and 20% of the female population possessed some degree of literacy.
		The Japanese hold several important beliefs about education, especially compulsory schooling: that all children have the ability to learn the material; that effort, perseverance, and self-discipline, not academic ability, determine academic success; and that these study and behavioral habits can be taught.
		Educational and athletic facilities are modest; almost all elementary schools had an outdoor playground, roughly 90 percent have a gymnasium, and 75 percent have an outdoor swimming pool.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Education_in_Japan (3657 words)

	Why Study Japanese?
		The United States must educate students who are equipped linguistically and culturally to communicate successfully in a pluralistic American society and abroad.
		The deep culture the mind set of the Japanese determines the way that they behave, interact, and react in their daily lives, and this has a direct influence on the way they talk and hear and read and write.
		In summary, for students, studying Japanese can be an asset in the job market, a spur to personal and intellectual growth, an source of increased self-esteem, and of course an enjoyable experience.
	www.union.edu /PUBLIC/MOLNDEPT/Japanese/why.html (1021 words)

	Japanese Education System - Reform
		The Council believes that children who return to education in Japan should be seen as an asset because of their experience abroad, and that special selection procedures and placement provisions should be developed to ensure equitable treatment in their admission to high schools and universities.
		Japanese education may be on the verge of this sort of 'tragedy of the winner'...
		Educators, political leaders, and parents in both countries are more interested now than in the past in comparing educational perspectives, approaches, and achievements and welcome information that enables them to do so.
	members.tripod.com /h_javora/jed11.htm (3692 words)

	Japanese Education Reforms of the 1990s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Educators commonly complain that, 'Parents expect the schools to do everything.' It is not uncommon for mothers to call a student's homeroom teacher and tell him or her to discipline the child in respect to matters unrelated to school.
		A fourth problem in the educational system is caused by the high status of a prestigious university education and the nature of the university admissions process, which together put tremendous stress on the youth who aspire to enter these institutions.
		Japanese officials realize that they are moving Japanese education closer to Western models, and that these models are associated with more behavior problems among the students and the graduates.
	www.edstudies.net /resources/japanese/paper.html (9771 words)

	Japanese Science Education
		Japanese elementary education has been described as "whole person education," with strong emphasis on children's social and ethical development and their capacity to function without teacher administered rewards or sanctions (Cummings, 1980; Lewis, 1995; Sato, 1991).
		Despite the fact that most Japanese elementary teachers are responsible for all subjects, they typically introduce themselves as specialists in a particular subject matter (such as science) which they pursue as the main focus of their own professional development and their leadership within the school.
		Japanese teachers, more often than their American counterparts, encourage students to express their agreement or disagreement with other students during science lessons (Tsuchida, 1993; Tsuchida and Lewis, 1996), and use a slow-paced, "sticky-probe" approach that uncovers inconsistencies and avoids early consensus (Hess and Azuma, 1991).
	nerds.unl.edu /pages/preser/sec/articles/japansci.html (7679 words)

	USJP.org: Japanese Education - Teachers
		The National Commission on Educational Reform proposes “special bonuses” for teachers who have brought about good results from their students, which is against the principle of educator egalitarianism sought by the JTU and the Zenkyō.
		Japanese teachers are not well paid at the beginning of their careers, but their salaries are paid every month, and are automatically increased every year.
		Japanese teachers visit the home of students at the beginning of each school year, and supervise student behavior and extracurricular activities, even during summer vacation and on weekends.
	www.usjp.org /jpeducation_en/jpEdTeachers_en.html (8096 words)

	Archived: The Educational System in Japan: Case Study Findings - Chapter 3. Individual Differences and the Japanese ...
		The basic premise of Japanese education, the principal explained, is that students are born with equal abilities.
		The typical Japanese view is that people, with the rare exception of Nobel prize-winning geniuses, are born with equal capacities to achieve and to demonstrate excellence.
		That Japanese teachers, students, and parents talk about individual differences in terms of concrete classroom behaviors and exam scores may be an indication of their belief, "you do well only if you study." To them, individual differences reflect a combination of many different abilities acquired through effort.
	www.ed.gov /pubs/JapanCaseStudy/chapter3.html (3280 words)

	Beyond the Rhetoric: Essential Questions About Japanese Education - FPRI
		The Politicization of Comparative Education in the U.S. One of the reasons discussions of Japanese education in the U.S. often generate more heat than light is that, historically, the entire subject of comparative education tends to be controversial here.
		Japanese education became a hot topic in the 1980s, when a large number of Americans perceived Japan as an economic threat.
		Japanese junior high teachers spend a larger percentage of their work time on non-academic activities such as club sponsorship and counseling students than American teachers do.
	www.fpri.org /footnotes/087.200312.ellington.japaneseeducation.html (1536 words)

	Japanese Education and Literacy (Japan's Educational History, Schools and Curricula, Issues in Education)
		Japan's education system played a central part in enabling the country to meet the challenges presented by the need to quickly absorb Western ideas, science and technology, and it was also a key part in Japan's recovery and rapid economic growth in the decades following the end of World War II.
		The educational approach at kindergartens various greatly from unstructured environments that emphasize play to highly structured environments that are focused on having the child pass the entrance exam at a private elementary school.
		Education in the Edo period was basically Confucian concepts that emphasized rote learning and study of the Chinese classics.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/japan/education_literacy.htm (1571 words)

	Archived: The Japanese Education System: A Case Study Summary and Analysis*
		The Japanese Education Ministry highlights creating well-rounded students at the elementary and junior high school level through the various subject areas in the national curriculum.
		This is contrary to a popular belief that Japanese schools cram their top students with intensive math and science drills from an early age to produce high achievement.
		Japanese adolescents do not spend more time than U.S. adolescents on homework, but the structure of their daily routines provides more consistent support for educational experiences.
	www.ed.gov /pubs/ResearchToday/98-3038.html (2462 words)

	ZNet \| Japan \| Inequality and Japanese Education: Urgent choices
		Parents are losing confidence in the quality of public school education and many are turning to private schools and out-of-school classes for to prepare their children for college.
		More than 70% of students are in "general education" courses, as opposed to vocational tracks, but the actual content of instruction is worlds apart in the top and bottom tier schools, and in different tracks within schools.
		However, some of these measure may have the opposite effect of increasing the impact of students' "social" backgrounds (this refers to parents' educational level and cultural capital of the family rather than household income or parents' occupation), since students with disadvantaged social backgrounds are less likely to take advantage of the new options.
	www.zmag.org /content/print_article.cfm?itemID=9752§ionID=17 (3585 words)

	[No title]
		The Japanese Ministry of Education (Monbusho) plays a central role in the development and maintenance of national education standards in Japan.
		Japanese parents are strongly committed to early education, though pre-elementary education in Japan is not a part of compulsory education nor is it linked, like American kindergartens, to the formal school structure.
		There are about 635,000 ethnic Koreans who are permanent residents of Japan, born in Korea or the children of Koreans brought to Japan during Japan's 35-year occupation of the Korean peninsula between 1910 to 1945.
	www.lycos.com /info/japanese-education--japanese-education-ministry.html (519 words)

	Windows on Japanese Education — www.greenwood.com
		Description: The fact that Japanese students consistently outperform other nationalities on international tests of educational achievement has made the Japanese educational system a leading topic for media attention and evaluative study.
		This volume is a collection of essays by Japanese and American scholars in the field of Japanese education that presents a current systematic overview of this system, its strengths, and its weaknesses.
		Topics ranging from the history of Japanese education and its recent reform campaign to the methods used to teach preschoolers and elementary students, women, teachers, and engineers are the primary focus of this study.
	www.greenwood.com /catalog/BUE%252f.aspx (311 words)

	Education Japan \| Japan Guide \| Japanese Education System
		One of the consequences of this is that there are no longer enough Japanese students to fill all the universities in Japan, meaning that universities will soon have to start searching abroad for foreign students and/or improve standards to compete in the domestic market for students.
		The basic education system was modeled on a mixture of the British, French and US systems, with the latter influence perhaps being the largest.
		This is having a healthy effect on the Japanese language education system, leading to a slow increase in standards.
	educationjapan.org /jguide/education_system.html (465 words)

	The Japanese Language - Education (English)
		Japanese language schools: How to get started, what are the legal requirments, and what schools are available.
		The site includes links to other Japanese web sites for practice in using what it teaches.
		Mangajin is a teaching magazine that combines manga (Japanese comics) with language instruction to provide unique cultural as well as linguistic instruction.
	www.nihongo.org /english/language/education (378 words)

	Japan Society, New York - Toyota Language Center
		Beginning in 1972 with a single class, Japan Society's Japanese language education program has grown into one of the most respected in the nation.
		Today, Japan Society's Toyota Language Center offers 12 comprehensive levels of Japanese, as well as a variety of specialized courses and workshops including shodo (Japanese calligraphy), ensuring that there is a class for any level of Japanese student.
		In addition, the Center caters to native Japanese speakers by providing four levels of English conversation (ESL) classes and a Japanese Language Teacher Training Program.
	www.japansociety.org /education/toyota_lang.cfm (156 words)

	Films for the Humanities and Sciences - Educational Media - Japanese Education in Crisis
		Gritty footage shot in chaotic classrooms and dysfunctional homes, combined with commentary from counselors, parents, and dispirited young people, depicts a nation unprepared for radical social change and, in spite of recent educational reforms, lacking a consensus on whether to crack down or loosen up.
		Tokyo's Yasukuni shrine honors and venerates the spirits of Japanese soldiers and officers-including convicted and executed war criminals.
		Tokyo is one of the most technologically advanced cities on the planet, but Japan's low birth rate and the diversifying interests of its young people are causing Tokyo to rely increasingly on skilled immigrant labor.
	www.films.com /id/11520/Japanese_Education_in_Crisis.htm (312 words)

	Japanese Education Services\| Training in Japanese Language & Culture\|Linguistic Solutions Provider -Nihongo Bashi
		Our widely recognized Japanese training programs are designed to help increase India's market readiness for expected faster growth in economic ties with East Asia in general and Japan, in particular.
		Our in-house Japanese instructors are professionally-trained having completed a program in Japan to acquire the skills required for effective small and large group instruction.
		While our core education services are currently targeted at the Indian market, we do work with organizations through out Asia to meet their Japanese language training requirements.
	www.nihongobashi.com /educational_services/educational_services.html (543 words)

	Japanese education system
		The Japanese education system was reformed mainly according to the German and French model which experts regarded as most suitable and advantageous.
		After the second world war, the Americans reformed the Japanese education system after their own which consists of six years of elementary school, each three years of junior and senior high school and four years of university or two years of junior college.
		The Japanese school year starts in April and consists of three terms, separated by short holidays in spring and winter, and a one month long summer break.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2150.html (320 words)

	Amazon.com: Japanese Higher Education As Myth: Books: Brian J. McVeigh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Japanese should not be admitted to American graduate schools based on what they did in Japan.
		Japan's educational system at the grade school to high school levels is based on 19th century Prussia's (note the uniforms) with its emphasis on the doctrine of Hegel i.e.
		Most I worked with were not the brightest bulbs on the string, and a few of the dumber ones would defend education in Japan even though they had to deal with the sorry results of it every day.
	www.amazon.com /Japanese-Higher-Education-As-Myth/dp/0765609258 (2998 words)

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