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Topic: Japanese emperors

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	Japanese Emperor
		According to mythology, Japan's first Emperor Jimmu, a descendant of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu, was enthroned in the year 660 BC.
		Despite the fact that the effective power of the emperors was limited or purely symbolic throughout most of Japan's history, all actual rulers, from the Fujiwara and Hojo regents to the Minamoto, Ashikaga and Tokugawa shoguns respected the emperor and were keen in having the imperial legitimization for their position as rulers of Japan.
		With the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown, and Emperor Meiji became the head of state.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2135.html (270 words)

	Emperor of Japan at AllExperts
		Although the emperor currently performs many of the roles of a ceremonial sovereign as head of state, there has been persistent controversy within Japan as to whether the emperor is in fact a true monarch in a political sense or merely a hereditary pretender holding such office within a constitutional parliamentary republic.
		The introduction of the term came amidst the movement of Japanese sinicization, and is considered by many as an attempt by the Japanese rulers to assert themselves on an equal footing with the Chinese emperors.
		The acceptable source of imperial wives, brides for the emperor and crown prince, were even legislated into the Meiji-era imperial house laws (1889), which stipulated that daughters of Sekke (the five main branches of the higher Fujiwara) and daughters of the imperial clan itself were primarily acceptable brides.
	en.allexperts.com /e/e/em/emperor_of_japan.htm (4734 words)

	Emperor of Japan
		The role of the Emperor of Japan (天皇, tennō) was that of an imperial ruler, from the dawn of history until the mid-twentieth century.
		The emperor's role is defined in Chapter I of the 1947 Constitution of Japan.
		Although the Emperor performs many of the roles of a head of state, there has been a persistent controversy within Japan as to whether the Emperor is in fact head of state or merely someone who acts as head of state.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/te/Tenno.html (783 words)

	Indian, Chinese, & Japanese Emperors
		The last Emperor in a Dynasty (or before another kind of hiatus) gets a memorial rather than a temple name, since, at the end, he is not an ancestor.
		Earlier there usually were several Eras per reign, so this was not a convenient device, but the Ming Emperors stuck to one, a practice maintained by the Ch'ing and adopted by the Japanese in 1868.
		Elsewhere, the Emperor's ruthlessness was evident in his construction of the Great Wall of China, which is supposed to have cost many lives per mile.
	www.friesian.com /sangoku.htm (12421 words)

	Japanese emperors: Between the people and the gods \| The Japan Times Online
		He concludes that the "strange survival" of the dynasty was due to the fact that Japanese emperors combined sanctity with passivity to such an extent that they were "too subservient to rule, but too sacred to be deposed." These conclusions are based on his study of how the emperors behaved over the centuries.
		He notes the differences between the divinity ascribed to Japanese emperors to that ascribed to the pharaohs in ancient Egypt and notes the stress laid in Europe on the "divine right of kings" resulting from their claim to be God's representative on earth carrying out His orders.
		The old Japanese title for emperor was "sumera mikoto." According to the Yoro code of 718, "tenno" was to be used in imperial rescripts, "tenshi" in ceremonies, "kotei" in correspondence with "barbarians"' and "heika" in addressing the emperor.
	www.japantimes.co.jp /cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?fb20051023a1.htm (1195 words)

	Japanese Emperors - Table - MSN Encarta
		Japanese chronology does not always match emperors' reign dates.
		1) Reign dates for the first 28 emperors are the subject of some doubt and speculation.
		The traditional view, upon which the National Calendar is based, places the accession of Jimmu at 660 bc.
	encarta.msn.com /media_701500628_761566679_-1_1/Japanese_Emperors.html (134 words)

	The Japanese Roots
		Japanese interpret this to mean that Japan conquered Korea and brought Korean slaves and artisans to Japan; Koreans believe instead that Korea conquered Japan and that the founders of the Japanese imperial family were Korean.
		Japanese forest composition varies with latitude and altitude: evergreen leafy forest in the south at low altitude, deciduous leafy forest in central Japan, and coniferous forest in the north and high up.
		Because the Japanese word for cord marking is jomon, the term Jomon is applied to the pottery itself, to the ancient Japanese people who made it, and to that whole period in Japanese prehistory beginning with the invention of pottery and ending only 10,000 years later.
	www.kimsoft.com /2004/japanese_roots.htm (5822 words)

	Art of Japan
		A long time ago Japanese Emperors and other rich and important officials were buried in a chamber made of stone that was buried in great clumps of earth.
		When the Japanese wanted to print a picture they would take a number of blocks depending how many colors there were going to be in the picture or paintings.
		Sometimes the Japanese adopt the art of other countries, states, and islands but the art of their own island is still beautiful.
	www.kyrene.k12.az.us /schools/brisas/sunda/arthistory/japan.htm (760 words)

	Japanese Samurai Armor, Swords and Weapons
		Japanese samurai armor and samurai swords are both powerful, unique works of art made by craftsmen of the highest skill level.
		Japanese suits of armor are typically displayed in home, restaurant, corporate, cultural and museum environments.
		Japanese armor and Japanese swords are both excellent symbols of Japanese art, and can be adapted to any interior situation.
	www.japanese-armor.com (258 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > List of Japanese Emperors (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Footnotes: The previous three Emperors are officially called by their era name in Japan.
		Akihito is currently referred to as Tenno Heika, in Japanese as he is the reigning emperor, even though his era is called Heisei.
		In English, Mutsuhito and Yoshihito are referred to as the Meiji and Taisho emperors, respectively.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/li/List_of_Japanese_Emperors (117 words)

	Japanese Samurai Armor (armour) - Authentic Reproduction
		Japanese Samurai Armor and Samurai Swords are both powerful and unique works of art made by craftsmen of the highest skill.
		Japanese suits of armor are typically displayed in home, restaurant, corporate, cultural and museum environments.
		This is authentic Japanese samurai warrior armor suit and kabuto helmet is authentically detailed and completely realistic to the actual armor worn by the warriors of the Sengoku period, (the Civil War Era).
	www.japanese-armor.com /japanese-armor.shtml (2332 words)

	Culture The Controversy Over Japan's Most Patrioptic Day
		It is a day when patriotic Japanese put up the red circle hinomaru flag in front of their houses, and maybe make a visit to the local shrine to pay their respects to the powers that be.
		Eminent Japanese historians circulated petitions requesting a recall of the text, but it seems their appeals were in vain.
		Perhaps the Japanese people realized how blinded they had become in the name of their country, and no longer wanted to be reminded of the the rites and rallies that brought them to the darkest moments of their history.
	www.sushiandtofu.com /sushi_and_tofu/culture_theControversyOver.htm (1026 words)

	Who are the Japanese?
		The Japanese Shintoism (Holy Kojiki) asserts that Japan was created by a divine female being, Amaterasu-o-mi-kami (天照大神), whose parents lassoed the Japanese islands with humongous ropes and brought them together to their present location.
		The Japanese and Ainu languages have little in common and it is logical to assume that the Japanese language came from offshore.
		Japanese archaeologists found two sacred creatures in the stone chamber and a chart, the sun and the moon, on the ceiling of the Kitora Ancient Tomb in Asukamura, Nara prefecture, after completing with a tiny high-resolution camera the investigation of the mural which is believed to date from the seventh or eight century.
	www.kimsoft.com /2004/jp-origin.htm (4793 words)

	The Japan Society of the UK
		He concludes that the "strange survival" of the dynasty was due to the fact that Japanese emperors combined sanctity with passivity to such an extent that they were too subservient to rule, but too sacred to be deposed (page 273)." These conclusions are based on his study of how the emperors behaved over the centuries.
		He notes the differences between the divinity ascribed to Japanese emperors to that ascribed to the pharaohs in ancient Egypt and notes the stress laid in Europe on the 'divine right of kings' resulting from their claim to be God's representative on earth carrying out His orders.
		In my view, the emperors have been symbols since antiquity." This may well be the case, but at least the emperor should be accepted by the constitution as 'head of state' as in practice he has been by foreign countries to which he has paid state visits.
	www.japansociety.org.uk /reviews/05enigma.html (1095 words)

	WunderMoosen
		It is a Gregorian Calendar, but on official documents, instead of using the standard Gregorian year, uses the year number as the year associated with the emperor's reign.
		The Japanese would describe a date like May 28, 2004 as being the 16th year in the reign of the Emperor Heisei.
		For the displaying of future Japanese years associated with the emperor, Calendar Xplorer only commits to 20 years beyond the current year.
	www.wundermoosen.com /w5-japanese-era.aspx (145 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Exhibitions
		The master who played an important role in the development of the Japanese photography of the 20th century became in 1973 the Vice-President of the Japanese Photographic Society, and in 1978 he headed the Society of the Japanese Photographers.
		This sanctuary is devoted to Goddess Amaterashu who gave start to the dynasty of the Japanese emperors, and to the God of Gramineae, Toyoki.
		The master considers the architecture of this complex to embody the essence of the Japanese aesthetics.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/04/b2003/hm4_1u.html (405 words)

	Japan Karatedo Organization : JKO Forums : Japanese History website
		Click here for the basic Japanese beliefs, philosophy, ethics and so on that made the backbone of everything that went on there since the year 600, kept the Imperial House alive, secured the grip of the warrior class, enabled any system to work and radical changes to happen without whacking the country apart.
		Emperors and Empresses of Japan are of one single unbroken family-tree from the beginning of prehistory to -- whenever history ceases to be, or so people believe.
		Often the one who controlled Japanese politics was the ex-Emperor -- father or grandpa of the officially enthroned -- and center of powergaming was in such cases often laid in monasteries.
	www.jko.com /portal/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=78 (1496 words)

	Article: Enigma of the Emperors - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		emperors was balanced by the extraordinary stability of their dynasty.
		"The archaic rites of the Japanese emperor [e.g.
		At present Imperial princesses cease to be "imperial" when they marry, and for some Japanese the adoption of a matrilineal line of succession instead of a patrilineal could be a sticking point.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=9610 (2215 words)

	Japanese Roots - - science news articles online technology magazine articles Japanese Roots (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Emperor Akihito, who reigns today, is the eighty-second direct descendant of the emperor under whom that first chronicle of a.d.
		Japanese culture underwent far more radical change in the 700 years of the Yayoi era than in the ten millennia of Jomon times.
		Similarly, geneticists attempting to calculate the relative contributions of Korean-like Yayoi genes and Ainu-like Jomon genes to the modern Japanese gene pool have concluded that the Yayoi contribution was generally dominant.
	www.discover.com /issues/jun-98/features/japaneseroots1455 (5972 words)

	Calendars: Japanese Emperor Date
		This page gives you the Unicode character values, emperor era names and the layout information you need to produce a Japanese emperor date and to convert from a western calendar.
		According to Japanese legend, Emperor Akihito, is Japan's 125th imperial sovereign in an unbroken line from Emperor Jimmu, who ascended the throne in about 660 B.C. Japan's is the world's oldest existing hereditary monarchy.
		Japanese days of the week are sometimes abbreviated to the single Kanji character, but are formally written as 3 characters, the first Kanji indicating the particular day and the next two Kanji (曜日 yōbi) for "day".
	www.i18nguy.com /l10n/emperor-date.html (604 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of Japan - Japanese Royalty
		A study of the Japanese emperors from their mythological beginnings up to the present day, focusing on the notions of divinity, gender and subservience or passivity.
		Emperor and Aristocracy in Japan, 1467-1680: Resilience and Renewal by Lee Butler.
		Japanese Historians and the National Myths, 1600-1945: The Age of the Gods and Emperor Jimmu by John S. Brownlee.
	www.royalty.nu /Asia/Japan (2138 words)

	The Japan Society of the UK
		For the Japanese, Emperor Hirohito's public renunciation of his divinity, at MacArthur's behest in 1946, was a nonevent.
		But while the emperors were not widely seen as "living gods" down through the ages, they were generally believed to be sacred, by virtue of the divine mythological origins of the imperial family and the Shinto rites that the emperors performed at court as intermediaries between their subjects and the gods.
		Concerning the extent of the emperors' authority, the few emperors and empresses earlier on who exercised significant political power or military leadership were exceptions which prove the rule that the great majority of sovereigns were politically passive.
	www.japansociety.org.uk /reviews/05enigma2.html (1429 words)

	Korean Connections to the Japanese Empire?
		I should mention that this kind of speculation is not welcomed by many Japanese people, who naturally accept the fact that the Japanese people and their Emperors have descended in an unbroken line, at least back to the turn of the millenium, if not back to the Sun Goddess at the beginnings of Time.
		The previous Emperor Seimu, his father, was buried in Saki (near Osaka), so we are left to assume that he, like most rulers of this time, lived around the area of Naniha (Osaka) and Yamato, just to the east.
		Yamato was part of the heartland of the Japanese Imperial dynasty, just east of Naniha, but (at least by the time of the writing of the chronicles) was also used as the name for the empire ruled by the Japanese emperors.
	www.ease.com /~randyj/rjjingu.htm (2478 words)

	Japanese woman identified as world's oldest person, has lived through 4 emperors - International Herald Tribune
		TOKYO: Yone Minagawa, 114 years old and believed to be the world's oldest living person, has lived through four Japanese emperors, according to the staff at her nursing home in southern Japan.
		In 2003, Japanese women set a new record for life expectancy, at 85.3 years, while men live an average of 78.3 years.
		The number of Japanese living beyond 100 has almost quadrupled in the past 10 years, with the once-exclusive centenarian club soon expected to surpass 28,000, the government announced in September.
	www.iht.com /articles/ap/2007/01/29/asia/AS-GEN-Japan-Oldest-Person.php (617 words)

	JAPANESE CHIN Dog
		The Japanese Chin is a handsome, bi coloured dog, lively in temperament and dainty in appearance with a smart, compact carriage and a plentiful coat First registered by the American Kennel Club in 1888, the Chin was known as the Japanese Spaniel until 1977 when its name was changed officially to Japanese Chin.
		However, the Japanese Chin did not make its appearance in the British show ring until 1862, and is not recorded as being shown in the United States until 20 years later.
		The Japanese Chin is a lively dog, essentially stylish in movement, lifting the feet high when in motion, and carrying the tail, which is heavily feathered, closely curved or plumed over the back.
	www.dogs-care.com /Japanese-Chin-Dog.htm (707 words)

	Japanese Chin
		The Japanese Chin or Japanese Spaniel has been a favorite of Japanese emperors for over 1000 years.
		Probably sharing ancestry with Pugs and Pekinese, some Japanese Chin dogs were so small they were kept in hanging bird cages.Two Japanese Spaniels were presented to Queen Victoria in 1853 by Commodore Perry on his return from Japan.
		A Japanese Chin is a playful, friendly dog that adapts well to small spaces and needs only moderate exercise.
	www.uniquedogart.com /japanesechin1.html (159 words)

	Japanese Textile Art \| Framed Art
		It is an extraordinary example of the most elaborate of the Maru Obi to be handwoven for Japanese women before the turn of the century.
		It b3egan as an Imperial symbol in China and was adopted by the Japanese Emperors.
		This bold and dramatic pattern, dominated by pure gold threads and bright colors associated with Japanese Royalty, comprises a garment that stands out and draws attention to itself, it stands to reason that this Obi would have been worn by a young, unmarried woman.
	www.japanesetextileart.com /obi/2103.htm (582 words)

	Dog Articles Blog - Dog Articles - Japanese Chin Dog Breed
		The Japanese Chin (also known as Japanese Spaniel) has a small and square body with a face that is pushed-in and puggish and protruding eyes.
		However, the Japanese Chin did not make his appearance in the British show ring until 1862 and is not recorded as being shown in the United States until 20 years later.
		A couple of Japanese Chins were presented to Queen Victoria by Commodore Perry on his return from the Far East in 1853, which contributed to the popularity of the breed.
	www.puppythrill.com /blog/index.php/articles/2006/06/14/dog_articles_japanese_chin_dog_breed (528 words)

	Hoori
		In Japanese mythology, a son of Ninigi and his wife Ko-no-Hana and brother of Hoderi.
		While Hoderi became a fisherman, Hoori became a hunter and eventually the ancestor of the Japanese emperors.
		The two brothers once quarreled over a lost fishhook and Hoori descended to the bottom of the sea to look for it.
	www.pantheon.org /articles/h/hoori.html (106 words)

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