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Topic: Japanese Empire and Socialism

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	Socialism Today - End of Empire
		The CPM was drawn in to defend villages from attacks by Malays, resulting in substantial deaths of Malays, not disguised by Chin Peng.
		The Japanese occupation currency was declared valueless, reducing the vast majority of the labouring population to paupers.
		But even in 1947, as these strikes indicate, a new opportunity was presented to the CPM to organise the struggle, based primarily on the working class but drawing in the rest of the population, to evict British imperialism.
	www.socialismtoday.org /91/malaya.html (3016 words)

	Korea under Japanese rule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Japanese minister to Korea, Miura Goro, is said to have orchestrated the plot against her.
		As the Japanese were attempting to assimilate Korea into the Empire of Japan, classes were taught in Japanese during the early years of the annexation period.
		In South Korea and North Korea, Japanese rule in the early twentieth century is widely regarded as a ruthless attempt to exploit the Korean people, comparable to the ruthless exploitation of the Poles during the Nazi German occupation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule (3483 words)

	German Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The German Empire is the name conventionally given in English to the German state from the time of the proclamation of Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor (January 18, 1871) to the abdication of Wilhelm II (November 9, 1918).
		One factor in the social anatomy of these governments had been the retention of a very substantial share in political power by the landed elite, the Junkers, due to the absence of a revolutionary breakthrough by the peasants in combination with urban areas.
		The social security systems installed by Bismarck (health care in 1883, accidents insurance in 1884, invalidity and old-age insurance in 1889) at the time were the most advanced in the world and, to a degree, still exist in Germany today.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_Empire (3702 words)

	Japan. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Japanese industry is concentrated mainly in S Honshu and N Kyushu, with centers at Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Kobe, and Nagoya.
		The Japanese surrender at the end of World War II was unconditional, but the terms for Allied treatment of the conquered power had been laid down at the Potsdam Conference.
		The Japanese Empire at its height had included the southern half of Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, the Pescadores, Korea, the Bonin Islands, the Kwantung protectorate in Manchuria, and the island groups held as mandates from the League of Nations (the Caroline Islands, Marshall Islands, and Mariana Islands (see Northern Mariana Islands).
	www.bartleby.com /65/ja/Japan.html (5901 words)

	Japanese nationalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Japanese nationalism is a generic title, referring to a complex series of patriotic and nationalist ideas held in Japan.
		Japanese citizens were rallied to the "Defensive State" or "Consensus State", in which all efforts of the nation supported collective objectives, by guidance from national myths, history and dogmas, obtaining a "national consensus".
		After the Japanese surrender in August 1945, the whole structure was dismantled by the Allied occupation authorities in the whole Japanese Empire and Japanese-held territories.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_nationalism (4671 words)

	Post-Lange Market Socialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		More specifically, the lack of democracy under communistic socialism is more plausibly attributed to historical conditions (the absence of democracy in the pre-revolutionary Russian empire, the perception among the communist leaders of being under siege from a hostile capitalist outer world), than it is to the inherent propensities of public ownership.
		Owing to the fact that the socialized capital instruments are regarded by their owners as stores of value and sources of long-term income, compensation in the form of cash would not generate undue inflationary pressure.
		The estimated social welfare gain from this combined improvement in efficiency and equity, on the basis of the Benthamite sum-of-utilities criterion, is 1.7 percent.
	www.wiu.edu /users/miecon/wiu/yunker/postlang.htm (11771 words)

	Part I, An American Empire
		Empires were always meant to embrace and harmonize myriad cultures, religions, ethnicities, languages.
		The Soviet Union, the "Evil Empire," as President Reagan termed it in 1982, began with an idyllic vision of harmony and diversity, in a communal dictatorship of the proletariat.
		For the American Empire to succeed in producing a Pax Americana in the 21st century, we must first recognize that a posture appropriate in a world at war is inappropriate in a world at peace.
	wanniski.com /searchbase/amemp1.htm (1835 words)

	Monthly Review January 2004 Minqi Li
		In the light of the enormous social and economic disasters brought about by neoliberalism, it is necessary to reevaluate the historical experience of socialism.
		Kotz suggests that for a future socialism to be viable, it must have a democratic state and other institutions that prevent the development of a privileged and dominant elite.
		Given the historical record of state socialism, one can have great confidence that an economic system based on primarily public ownership of the means of production and democratic planning (democratic control over the allocation of the social surplus) will have a great chance to succeed in meeting the basic needs of all members of society.
	www.monthlyreview.org /0104li.htm (5805 words)

	JAH Roundtable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Because the ancient Japanese had borrowed Chinese characters from China to invent written Japanese, and because since then the Japanese had incorporated a great many Chinese words into Japanese to enrich the Japanese vocabulary, the modern Japanese were able to incorporate Western concepts into their language by inventing new words composed of Chinese characters.
		Although Japanese translations of the American Declaration of Independence began to appear as early as 1854, the year when the first United States-Japanese treaty was signed in Yokohama, those early translations, based on an American history book written in Chinese, did not convey the political philosophy of the declaration intelligibly.
		For Japanese historians of post-Takagi generations, the aim of studying American history was to understand and explain it, not to learn something from the history of a model country.
	www.chnm.gmu.edu /declaration/japanese/aruga2.html (9917 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Americas \| America: The accidental empire?
		The Oxford Dictionary defines Empire as "an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress" To speak of ancient Athens or the present-day United States as Empires stretches the meaning.
		Empires are built on the backs of others denying their Freedom and basic human rights.
		Empires have existed for nearly all of human history, and there's no reason to think that the U.S. is somehow immune to this tendency.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/americas/3451859.stm (5433 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Background
		Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade.
		In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks.
		Initial closer ties to Vietnam and socialization were replaced with a gradual return to private enterprise, an easing of foreign investment laws, and the admission into ASEAN in 1997.
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2028.html (15472 words)

	Draper: The Two Souls of Socialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Modern socialism was born in the course of the half century or so that lies between the Great French Revolution and the revolutions of 1848.
		In Fabianism and the Empire imperialism was praised and embraced.
		But the recurrence of revolutionary upheavals and social disturbances, defined precisely by the intrusion onto the historical stage of previous inactive masses and characteristic of periods when basic social change is on the agenda, is just as "normal" in history as the intervening periods of conservatism.
	www.sd-il.com /tss/tss.htm (12414 words)

	Japanese Empire in the Balance (1934)
		The restriction and prohibition of Japanese immigration by the whites is further proof of their fear that they cannot compete with Japanese in work.
		In boycotting Japanese merchandise, the whites are dictated solely by the desire to sell their expensive goods to the coloured races in their colonies, and it is thus patent that they totally disregard the interests of their subject races.
		It means on the contrary that she is obsessed with the nightmare of a Japanese invasion into Siberia.
	www.garethjones.org /articles_far_east/japanese_empire.htm (2186 words)

	Rise of Empire- by Justin Raimondo
		A decade passed between the publication of "The Revolution Was" and "Rise of Empire," yet Garrett was still entranced by the vision of an elite that had seized power, effecting a revolution within the form until the American republic was transmuted, by some clandestine alchemy, into an empire.
		In spite of Russia's essential weakness – a weakness inherent in all socialist states – and the Kremlin's general reluctance to use its own military forces to achieve its goals, except by proxy – the fight against Communism was always presented by the adherents of the West as a defensive measure.
		In spite of Stalin's stated determination to limit the Soviet project to building "socialism in one country," the commies, we were told, wanted to conquer the world.
	antiwar.com /justin/?articleid=3317 (2810 words)

	ZNet \|Japan \| The Other Japanese Occupation
		Still, the points of resonance between the abortive Japanese empire and the burgeoning American one are striking.
		Their short-lived empire is dismissed as little more than a "dream within a dream," to borrow a Japanese phrase, but this is too simple.
		Despite the deepening quagmire of occupation and empire, Japanese leaders and followers alike soldiered on -- driven by patriotic ardor and a pitiful fatalism.
	www.zmag.org /content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=17&ItemID=3800 (1949 words)

	Japanese Empire in the Balance (1934)
		Although the foreign Powers are trying to exclude Japanese merchandise through tariff barriers and import quotas, they will be unable to cope with the economic power based on the great productive ability combined with cheap cost.
		They are unable to maintain a solid front due to their mutual selfishness, with the result that it helps unwittingly to accelerate the advance of Japanese goods in the world markets.
		And should the whites turn down this request, the Japanese will have to be in readiness to safeguard such necessity through exercise of the right of existence.
	colley.co.uk /garethjones/articles_far_east/japanese_empire.htm (2186 words)

	Socialism Today - Islam & socialism
		These features were a result of the feudal economic and social relations that existed, and the situation was little different in similarly underdeveloped regions that were predominantly Christian.
		IN CENTRAL ASIA, Lenin and Trotsky were attempting to win a predominantly Muslim peasant population, who were fighting for their national rights, to the banner of world revolution, against a background of the desperate struggle for survival of the first workers’ state.
		The rightwing of the Labour Party, and of social democracy worldwide, used this opportunity to abandon any vestiges of socialism in their programme, and to become clearly capitalist parties.
	www.socialismtoday.org /87/islam.html (6640 words)

	Bradford Plumer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Both seem to agree that social science research is very inconclusive as to whether "broken windows" policing and cracking down on public disorder and graffiti and panhandling and the like actually helps reduce the crime rate.
		Western Europe became a place of social planning, nationalized economies, and strong states not because democratic socialism was in the Continental genes but because there were no reserves of private capital and few viable non-governmental institutions around to put the world back together again.
		That won't necessarily mean complete socialism for child care; the government could always offer families vouchers and let them choose their own day care center or whatever, but the vouchers will have to be generous.
	plumer.blogspot.com /2005_11_01_plumer_archive.html#113321529577248244 (14439 words)

	Socialism on Trial
		“Socialism on Trial”, Cannon’s verbatim courtroom testimony, is a clear and inspiring exposition of the Marxist view of capitalism, war and revolution—all the more remarkable for the circumstances in which it was given.
		Thus World War I was essentially a contest between dynamic but late-developing German imperialism, which had largely been left behind in the scramble for colonies, and the old imperialist powers, Britain and France, with their vast empires of colonial slaves.
		The US entered the conflict late in the day, as the main antagonists were severely weakened, and established its preeminent position in world economics and politics.
	www.marxists.org /archive/cannon/works/1941/socialism/index.htm (2608 words)

	Ending the pin down \| Samizdata.net
		We are developing the social individualist meta-context for the future.
		The biggest differences are that socially they're a bit more communal (ie dormitory living) and politically their government is unelected.
		Those who were so against him will look foolish and the crank nature of socialism will be highlighted in such a way that will be difficult even for the ordinary person in the street to avoid noticing the bankruptcy of the left.
	www.samizdata.net /blog/archives/003111.html (15986 words)

	Asia speeding towards State Socialism
		The hatred of the ordinary Japanese for the financiers is much greater than the American Westerner’s loathing for Wall Street.
		While the Japanese hunt down the Socialists, therefore, they have many radical ideas and the soldiers are proud of these radical ideas.
		From Siam I travelled to China, the most individualist of countries, where all are for the family and none are for the State, where the Government is so corrupt and changeable that the idea of state control seems ludicrous.
	colley.co.uk /garethjones/articles_far_east/asia_speeding_towards_socialism.htm (1328 words)

	Monthly Review January 2006 John Bellamy Foster ¦ The New Geopolitics of Empire
		By 1942 with the British Empire weakening and the U.S. Empire growing, an “American-British hegemony” of the globe, Spykman contended, was in the offing—provided that the German-Japanese attempt at world hegemony could be defeated.
		By 1971 the U.S. empire had created such a huge dollar overhang abroad that Nixon was forced to decouple the dollar from gold, weakening the position of the dollar as the hegemonic currency.
		With the entire U.S. empire in crisis beginning in the 1970s, and with its war machine effectively immobilized due to what conservatives labeled the “Vietnam Syndrome” (the unwillingness of the U.S. population to support military interventions in the periphery), countries throughout the third world sought to break out of the system.
	www.monthlyreview.org /0106jbf.htm (3589 words)

	Guardian WatchBlog
		Even the so-called "hard-working, law-abiding" illegals we keep hearing about use false Social Security numbers to get jobs and bank accounts, lie on applications and other forms, and falsify records and documents on a daily basis.
		After building the border fence to stop the inrush, we need to enforce the laws regarding those who hire illegal workers who are already here.
		No one seems capable of checking the Social Security numbers that illegals write on their job applications.
	guardian.blogdrive.com (7071 words)

	The Sun Never Set on the British Empire
		The "British Empire" was not a de jure entity (like the German Empire, Austrian Empire, Russian Empire, or Japanese Empire), since Britain itself was a kingdom (the "United Kingdom" of Great Britain and Northern Ireland).
		In 1909 the British Empire encompassed 20% of the land area of the Earth and 23% of its population.
		Not all state social entitlement programs, to be sure, were abolished, but it should be encouraging for all to see that the creep of social democracy can be dramatically reversed.
	www.friesian.com /british.htm (6467 words)

	John O'Sullivan on Iraq & Vietnam on National Review Online
		If Lee Kuan Yew is to be believed, then, the U.S. intervention in Vietnam was a major factor is achieving the West's overall victory in the Cold War.
		It held the line while freedom and prosperity were established in non-Communist Asia — and that provided the rest of the world, including the evil empire itself, with a "demonstration effect" of how freedom led to prosperity.
		Vietnam and Iraq are not the same story.
	www.nationalreview.com /jos/jos090903.asp (1090 words)

	Free samples: college essays, admission, argumentive essays - Essay Empire
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		Imagine a disease that was usually fatal and could spread each and every time two people have sex.
		In order to build mutually beneficial long term relationships with our customers EssayEmpire provides a discount system.
	www.essayempire.com /samples (239 words)

	Ground Zero Books Ltd. Title Index
		The Imperial Japanese Mission, 1917: A Record of the Reception Thruout the U.S. of the Special Mission Headed by Viscount Ishii
		Shaka Zulu: The Rise of the Zulu Empire
		Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army
	www.groundzerobooksltd.com /store/index.htm (9988 words)

	Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Imperialism
		Imperialism and the Split in Socialism, 1916 [At Marxists.Org][Full Text]
		Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800-1859): On Empire and Education, 1830s, [At this Site]
		A speech calling for Germany to have an overseas empire.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/modsbook34.html (1471 words)

	Rawick Papers-Series 3, Part B
		L) Plenty For All: The Meaning of Socialism 1946
		G) Action Program of the Social Democratic Party of Germany 1954
		H) The War That Was Foretold: Germany and England 1909
	www.umsl.edu /~libweb/blackstudies/series3b.htm (331 words)

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