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Topic: Japanese Filipino

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	Plantation Life
		In contrast, the Japanese and the Filipinos were assigned the backbreaking work in the fields.
		The Filipinos were organized as a result of the efforts of two Filipino labor leaders: Pablo Manlapit and Carl Damaso.
		Another prominent Filipino labor leader was Carl Damaso who came to Hawaii as a seventeen year old worker during the height of the depression in the 1930s.
	opmanong.ssc.hawaii.edu /filipino/plantation.html (843 words)

	Japanese-Filipino - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Japanese-Filipinos are ethnic Japanese born in the Philippines.
		This hybrid group tend to be re-assimilated either into the Filipino or the Japanese, and thus no accurate denominations could be established, though their estimates range from 100,000 to 200,000.
		The ethnic Japanese born in the Philippines are mostly descendants of Japanese traders/merchants who settled there in pre-Spanish territorial period since the 12th century making up the first wave of immigrants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_Filipino (541 words)

	California and Second World War: California's Filipino Infantry
		The 1st Filipino Infantry Regiment, humble in its beginning, however, dramatic in the challenge of the mission it had to fulfill, to finally retire with honors earned through individual sacrifices, that resulted in a brilliant and illustrious history.
		The 1st Filipino Battalion was formed on March 4, 1942 and activated in April 1 at Camp San Luis Obispo, California.
		Filipinos who aspired to enter the medical and legal professions were able to graduate from schools and practice their profession in the East.
	www.militarymuseum.org /Filipino.html (3049 words)

	Reclaiming an immigrant past - May 03, 2004
		Japanese carpenters wound up with their own contracting businesses, building more houses, corporate vacation homes, religious institutions and public buildings, a few of which can still be seen today.
		With the arrival of the Japanese forces in Baguio on Dec. 27, 1942, all Japanese under detention were released.
		Baguio-Benguet Japanese were the first to be employed by the occupation government or tapped for duty by the Japanese military, some to work with the dreaded Kempeitei.
	www.inq7.net /lif/2004/may/03/lif_3-2.htm (446 words)

	Filipinos Build a Movement by Larry Solomon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Filipino farm workers built a movement for justice in the fields when the treatment of agricultural workers was at its worst, decades before the UFW.
		Filipinos comprised nearly the entire asparagus-picking work force in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys and handled over 80 percent of the Salinas Valley lettuce crop.
		Though most of the early attempts at unionization, such as the Filipino Labor Association of Stockton and the Filipino United Labor Economic Endeavor, were small in membership and politically ineffective, they exploded the myth of a docile Asian labor force and set the stage for a larger movement.
	www.lib.berkeley.edu /~ljones/UFW/documents/itliong.html (1107 words)

	Ameredia: Japanese American Market Demographics
		Japanese were more likely to report one or more other races or Asian groups with 4.8% reporting Japanese with one or more other Asian groups, 21% reporting Japanese with one or more other races and 4.8 reporting in addition or one or more other races and Asian groups.
		Japanese Americans tend to discard original religious values for most of its cultural celebrations and holidays.
		Japanese Americans have made significant contributions to the agriculture in the western United States, particularly in California and Hawaii.
	www.ameredia.com /demographics/japanese.html (447 words)

	Filipino Centennial Celebration
		Filipino and Japanese workers strike separately and about 12,100 workers are evicted.
		Sixteen Filipino workers and four policemen are killed on Sept. 9 in the Hanapepe Massacre on Kauai.1932: Pablo Manlapit returns to Hawaii and revitalizes the Filipino Labor Federation with Antonio Fagel and Epifanio Taok.
		It results in the third wave of Filipino immigrants to Hawaii increasing the number of Filipinos to nearly 11 percent of the total state population.1972: Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law in the Philippines, which lasted 14 years and divided the Hawaii Filipino community.
	www.filipinosinhawaii100.org /chronology.asp (412 words)

	Guerilla Tactics - Deluxe Martial Arts Forums
		There were double action shots by the Japanese 27 cal rifles as several times Kayanan1s men in twos and threes attacked the soldiers in their garrisons and would then jump into the rivers or swamps pursued by machine gun fire.
		The Japanese were practically restrained from frequent patrols and foraging in the far outskirts of the four towns.
		Filipino tribes who had been fighting forever banding together for a common cause and taking on a well trained and equiped enemy with swords, sticks and knives.
	www.defend.net /deluxeforums/showthread.php?t=13802 (5377 words)

	Go For Broke National Education Center >> Learning Center >> For Teachers >> Lesson Plans
		Of the Japanese American population, over 150,000 lived in Hawaii (one third of its total population) and 120,000 lived in the West Coast states of California, Oregon and Washington.
		At the outbreak of the war Japanese Americans in Hawaii and the mainland (term used to refer to the continental U.S.) experienced intense suspicion and distrust.
		The Issei, Japanese men and women immigrants, were secured to do the rigorous work of growing and harvesting sugar cane in Hawaii.
	www.goforbroke.org /learning/learning_teachers_lesson_japanese.asp (1136 words)

	Five Views: An Ethnic Historic Site Survey for California (Japanese Americans)
		Perhaps this could have been expected considering the initial conditions under which Japanese were originally enticed to immigrate to the United States — as only a source of labor, with no plans for them to stay and participate actively in the life of the society.
		As the Japanese American population steadily increased, through immigration of picture brides and the birth of nisei children, anti-Japanese forces regrouped after World War I. Charges were made that the Japanese birth rate was three times as high as the general population's.
		In 1945, a Japanese American family challenged the constitutionality of segregated schools, and the Los Angeles County Superior Court concurred that segregation on the basis of race or ancestry violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/5views/5views4d.htm (1577 words)

	Timeline
		The percentage of Japanese on the plantations rises from 14 percent in 1886 to 69 percent in 1893
		The HSPA works out a system of individual agreements with the Filipino workers under which the terms of their employment are specified in advance.
		Pablo Manlapit orginizes the Filipino labor Union and begins a canpain to organize Filipinos workersin the plantations of Hawaii.
	library.thinkquest.org /J003466/bibliography/plantation_timeline.htm (825 words)

	The Filipino Americans: Their History, Culture and Traditions
		According to Thelma Buchholdt, author of Filipinos in Alaska: 1788-1958 (Aborigines Press, Copyright 1996), the first Filipino to step on Alaskan soil was a native of Zamboanga, Philippines, who arrived at the Cook Inlet, Alaska, on June 17, 1788, aboard the Iphigenia Nubiana.
		Another Filipino, known again as a “Minilia (sic) man” who arrived aboard the Gustavus III in Alaska in 1789 and again in 1791 was identified as John Mando, according to the journal of John Bartlett of Boston, also a crew member of that ship.
		The Filipinos started to immigrate to the Philippines in 1763 when Filipino seamen, later known as Manilamen, jumped ship off Acapulco, Mexico during the Galleon trade era and settled in the bayous of Louisiana.
	www.bookhaus.com /filipin2.html (2980 words)

	Philippines Today - Opinion
		Yukio Okada, an official of the Japanese Board of Education in Narita City, Chiba Pref., during a sports event hosted by a Filipino Christian church in which we were both invited guests.
		Okada himself is a Japanese Language teacher, who is proud to have helped foreign students pass the first level of Japanese Language Proficiency Test and proceed to Japanese universities.
		Having married a Japanese to better her lot, the Filipina mother will have come full circle when her children end up with the fate she had escaped.
	www.philippinestoday.net /2003/August/onbalance803.htm (694 words)

	Coalition Report to United Nations Criticizes Japan’s Record on Children’s Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A Coalition of Japanese and non-Japanese parents’ groups led by the Children’s Right Council of Japan has submitted a report to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, criticizing in detail, Japan’s record in protecting the rights of children of divorce and other forms of parental separation.
		While recognizing that Japan has made important efforts in a number of areas to improve the rights of children, the Coalition is highly critical of the Japanese national government in failing to adequately implement the rights and obligations in the Convention with respect to children whose parents separate.
		The Coalition believes that Japanese national laws and the Japanese Family Court system are highly discriminatory and that they deprive children subject to divorce, domestic parental abduction, international parental abduction, and birth out of wedlock, of their rights to maintain a relationship with both parents.
	www.crnjapan.com /press/2004/en/20040126-pr.html (1453 words)

	Chronology of Asian American History
		Japanese scientists studying the aftermath of the San Francisco earthquake are stoned.
		Japanese form Central Japanese Association of Southern California and the Japanese Chamber of Commerce.
		Filipinos establish a branch of the Caballeros Dimas Alang in San Francisco and a branch of the Legionarios del Trabajo in Honolulu.
	web.mit.edu /21h.153j/www/chrono.html (2137 words)

	The Bataan Death March
		A few were rescued or escaped, but most who survived remained prisoners of the Japanese until September, 1945, when the war ended.
		In December 1941 in conjunction with the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese invaded the Philippines and after a four-month battle forced the surrender of some 70,000 Filipino and U.S. soldiers on the island of Bataan.
		Some of the survivors of the death march were packed into the holds of cargo ships and sent to work as slave laborers in Japanese industries.
	www.clintonnc.com /articles/2006/12/06/news/top_stories/topstory95.txt (351 words)

	Center for Japanese-Filipino Families (CJFF) Homepage
		The problem is that the Filipina mothers of the Japanese kids cannot get a supporting letter from the father of the Japanese kid necessary for applying a visa for her to go to Japan (with her Japanese kid).
		A Filipino village mate who owns a club in Japan invited the two with the club owner managed to obtain the necessary documentation for 90 days tourist visa for her victims.
		Fortunately, the Filipino congressional representative, Rep Beltran, is around that the threat to the family members in the Philippines is in his jurisdictional authority (as member of the Overseas Employment Committee of the Philippine House of Representative).
	home.att.ne.jp /banana/cjff/homepage.htm (2652 words)

	MARRIAGE PROCEDURE BETWEEN JAPANESE NATIONAL & FILIPINO NATIONAL
		When a Japanese National wishes to marry with a Filipino, he has to get "A CERTIFICATE OF LEGAL CAPACITY TO MARRY" from the Embassy of Japan before the Marriage [Philippine Family Code 21].
		This document is necessary when the Japanese party report the Marriage to the City Hall in Japan.
		After registration of one's marriage at a city hall in Japan, the Japanese spouse of Filipino citizen should apply for the Certificate of Eligibility at the nearest the Regional Immigration Bureau in Japan on behalf of Filipino visa applicants.
	members.tripod.com /~KojiW/doc_e.html (1068 words)

	The Asian Chamber of Commerce
		Japanese firms and the regional branches of international financial companies also hire Filipino engineers, skilled workers and information technology (IT) professionals.
		The Japanese authorities are trying to crack down on the hiring of so-called low-skill laborers.
		The most interesting and potentially far-reaching aspect of the Filipino influx into Japan is the large number of marriages, usually between Filipino women and Japanese men, thereby increasing the number of Japanese-Filipino children.
	www.asianchamber.org /viewArticle.php?articleId=67 (1465 words)

	Center for Japanese-Filipino Families (CJFF)
		But members of the Japanese-Filipino families, especially the mothers and their Japanese-Filipino children, are far from realizing that they are part and parcel of the growing movement for societal change not only in Japan but also influencing those in the Philippines.
		Consciousness raising is a must for members of Japanese-Filipino families including Japan’s general public so that the presence of bicultural families of Japanese and Filipinos in communities builds better image in words and indeed.
		To raise the awareness of Japanese public on the issue of multicultural society through education, research and publications.
	home.att.ne.jp /banana/cjff/homeaboutus.htm (442 words)

	Half, Single, or Double???
		Taki, was born in Japan, as half Japanese and half Filipino, in1976.
		However, some Japanese did not overlook the fact that she was “half.” Insensitive people asked her if her mother was “Japa-yuki-san”, a stereotypical discriminatory word, the name of seasonal female workers, prostitutes, from the Southeast Asia.
		Hiding and ignoring the fact of being half Filipino was the only way for her to survive in the Japanese community.
	www.msu.edu /~shinoha1/paper3.htm (756 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Filipino Repatriation Act allows Filipinos to return to their homeland at US government expense.
		President Truman signs law allowing Filipinos to become US citizens in recognition of their support for the war effort.
		Because of the Filipinos' facility in the English language, they found it easier to adapt with the American culture.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /tagalog/time.html (518 words)

	Philippines Today - Opinion
		UNKNOWN to many Japanese, there is an ongoing invasion in Japan, an invasion that will spell the difference between shabu shabu and dinuguan on the dinner table.
		According to the Tokyo Immigration Bureau, of the 120,707 entertainers that entered Japan in 2001, roughly 60 percent or 72,230 are Filipinos.
		According to him, the Japanese men who had come to his office are between 40 and 70 years old and more than 70 percent of them are divorced.
	www.philippinestoday.net /September2002/musings902.htm (821 words)

	Behind the News with Arthur Caylor - 1942 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The slightly unconstitutional treatment being given citizens of Japanese ancestry has finally reached the American Civil Liberties Union, my agents report, but from a source which caused Director Ernest Besig to fall out of his chair in a dead faint— the Filipino Community of San Francisco, Inc., Miguel Ignacio, secretary.
		Their plight in any regular Japanese community might not be happy to contemplate.
		What the Filipino Community of San Francisco, Inc., is asking is a small but separate location for Japanese wives of Filipino men.
	www.sfmuseum.org /hist8/caylor3.html (259 words)

	Ghost of Bataan
		In the above 2-1/2 years, Sgt Abraham was the key witness against Supreme Japanese Commander Lt. General Matasura Homma who was found guilty of war crimes and shot by a firing squad.
		During exhuming of graves on Bataan, a Japanese-Filipino came over to Abraham stating that the Japanese in the jungles wanted to surrender knowing the war was over and many were sick.
		Abraham called the Army camp at the San Fernando, telling them about the Japanese wanting to surrender two days later a platoon from the anti-tank company arrived and took the Japanese to a prison camp.
	ghostofbataan.com (484 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Radio (Kato) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The nationality of Kato, the Green Hornet's valet, was abruptly changed from Japanese to Filipino in radio broadcasts after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.
		From this era arose the legend that the character of Kato was originally identified as being Japanese, but after Pearl Harbor his nationality was abruptly changed to Filipino.
		The "Japanese descent" part of his character may have been downplayed thereafter, but he had indeed been identified as a Filipino well before 1941.
	www.snopes.com /radiotv/radio/kato.htm (449 words)

	Japanese Management Today
		Building on the relationship marketing and the interorganizational trust literature, relates their supplier management practices to the type of supplier organizations they use, the relative sales revenues, number of employees, and profitability of both buyers and suppliers, and the level of equity held by automakers in their suppliers.
		Major finding reveals that the major Japanese automakers have far more diversity than commonality in their supplier policies, and suggests that a comparison of major Japanese companies individually, not collectively, is a rich area of research into buyer-supplier relationships.
		Responding to Michael Porter's claim that "Japanese companies rarely have a strategy", this paper argues that the competitive advantage of Japanese enterprises is not to be found in traditional practices.
	www.apmforum.com /japan/jmt.htm (502 words)

	Tatlong taong walang Diyos (1977) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Chinese have no love for World War II Japanese; you just have to watch films like Farewell To My Concubine, or Red Sorghum (with its horrific flaying scene) to appreciate how little they are loved.
		Not that the Japanese soldiers in Tatlong Taong are sweetened versions of the real thing: they are shown as killers and rapists, capable of performing all kinds of brutal acts.
		But Filipino filmmaker Tikoy Aguiluz (Boatman, Rizal Sa Dapitan (Rizal in Dapitan), Segurista (Dead Sure)) sums it all up nicely with a simple formula: he measures a film's greatness by the impact it had on him personally.
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0125537 (716 words)

	The Harbinger. "Comfort Women."
		And with the cooperation of Filipino and Japanese lawyers' associations, the task force has authenticated the accounts of a couple of hundred surviving Filipino "comfort women," in addition to women who were victims of random rapes by Japanese soldiers.
		The "Lolas" want the Japanese Government to accept responsibility for the "comfort stations" and for Japan and the world to define as a war crime the Japanese Imperial Army's sexual enslavement of women and girls during World War Two.
		With financial and legal assistance from Filipino and Japanese human rights groups and private citizens, the "Lolas" filed in April, 1993 a class action suit at the Tokyo District Court, just as their Korean counterparts had done in December, 1991, and the Chinese and Dutch "comfort women" two years later.
	www.theharbinger.org /xvii/990316/palileo.html (1671 words)

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