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Topic: Japanese militarism

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	The Economic Effects of Japanese Militarism
		Thousands of Japanese were sent abroad on government scholarships, and Western teachers were hired by the government to teach a variety of subjects in the mandatory schools established in 1872.
		The beginning of Japanese imperialism was no more popular than Western imperialism with Japan's neighbors; in recently acquired Formosa, a rebellion forced the Japanese to station a considerable number of troops there and taught Japan the facts of colonial life.
		Russia withdrew from Manchuria, recognized Korea as a Japanese sphere of influence, agreed to allow Japan to lease the Liaotung Peninsula and gave Japan control of the South Manchuria Railway in that area, ceded Sakhalin Island south of the 50th Parallel, and gave Japan certain fishing rights.
	www.russojapanesewar.com /war-econ.html (2955 words)

	Militarism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Militarism or militarist ideology is the doctrinal view of a society as being best served (or more efficient) when it is governed or guided by concepts embodied in the culture, doctrine, system, or people of the military.
		Militarism is ideologically rooted in or related to concepts of alarmism, expansionism, extremism, imperialism, loyalism, nationalism, patriotism, protectionism, supremacy and triumphalism.
		Militarism is manifest in practice by the preferentiality toward goals, concepts, doctrines, and policies derived, originated, or directed from personnel in the military.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Militarism (914 words)

	Japanese militarism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Japanese militarism (日本軍国主義) refers to militarism, the philosophical belief that military personnel (army or navy) should exercise full power in a nation.
		Japanese forces attacked Shanghai in January 1932 on the pretext of Chinese resistance in Manchuria.
		The Japanese were severely defeated, sustaining as many as 80,000 casualties, and thereafter Japan concentrated its war efforts on its southward drive in China and Southeast Asia, a strategy that helped propel Japan ever closer to war with the United States and Britain and their allies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_militarism (1892 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Militarism
		Militarism (military+-ism) is an ideology which claims that the military is the foundation of a society's security, and thereby claims to be its most important aspect.
		The militarization of society is defined in relative relation to others, and hence views the society as a material entity which exerts its influence and power over others.
		One aspect of militarism is the ascendancy of a small clique of military officers to unchallenged power, as in Iraq, Nazi Germany, and most of Latin America up until the 1980s.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Militarism (554 words)

	Anarchist Opposition to Japanese Militarism, 1926-37
		To judge from the conventional accounts, one could be forgiven for believing that opposition to pre-war Japanese militarism was confined to the Communist Party of Japan and a handful of liberal critics of military aggression.
		On the contrary, opposition to militarism flowed naturally from the anti-authoritarian principles of anarchism and therefore was a standpoint shared by all anarchists.
		Known in Japanese as the 'International League' the anarchists dubbed the League of Nations the 'International Capitalist League' and considered it to be a mere 'mask for the ruling class' from which the workers and peasants could expect nothing.
	anarchism.ws /texts/war/japan.html (2321 words)

	Prince Yasuhiko Asaka and Matsui Iwane killer file
		The Japanese military is seeped in the tradition of unquestioning loyalty to the emperor.
		On 4-5 June 1942 the Japanese fleet is forced to withdraw at the Battle of Midway or risk destruction.
		Japanese troops are massed in the south of Kyushu Island, where the invasion forces are expected to land.
	www.moreorless.au.com /killers/asaka.html (2275 words)

	Learn about Shinto. Complete listing of Shinto. Shinto in Smartpedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Following the ascendency of the ancestors of today's Imperial family to a position of power among the other groups, their ancestral deities were given prominence over the deities of other groups, though different systems continued to coexist.
		One explanation saw the Japanese kami as supernatural beings still caught in the cycle of birth and rebirth.
		However, for most Japanese, Shinto is not about expressing disdain for other nations but expressing one's own love of the natural landscape of Japan and the people and spirits that reside within it.
	www.smartpedia.com /Shinto-sb.html (3716 words)

	Japanese Militarism & Diaoyutai (Senkaku) Island - A Japanese Historian's View
		As a counter-measure, the Japanese side proposed to divide Ryukyu into two parts: from the Okinawa Islands and to the north were to be Japanese territory and the Miyako-Yaeyama Islands Chinese territory.
		The Japanese Government was not in a position to approve Koga's application precisely because the island was clearly Ching territory, not a piece of land the title to which was uncertain.
		Probably the Japanese Government considers that the point at issue with China lies in the Tiaoyu Island (Diaoyutai) and intends to treat the inclusion of the Chihwei Yu in Japanese territory as self-evident.
	www.skycitygallery.com /japan/diaohist.html (3197 words)

	Rise of Militarism
		It glorified the emperor and traditional Japanese virtues to the exclusion of Western influences, which were perceived as greedy, individualistic, bourgeois, and assertive.
		The ideals of the Japanese family-state and self-sacrifice in service of the nation were given a missionary interpretation and were thought by their ultranationalist proponents to be applicable to the modern world.
		The 1930s were a decade of fear in Japan, characterized by the resurgence of right-wing patriotism, the weakening of democratic forces, domestic terrorist violence (including an assassination attempt on the emperor in 1932), and stepped-up military aggression abroad.
	www.willamette.edu /~rloftus/militarismrise.html (1658 words)

	Anarchist Opposition to Japanese Militarism, 1926-37
		To judge from the conventional accounts, one could be forgiven for believing that opposition to pre-war Japanese militarism was confined to the Communist Party of Japan and a handful of liberal critics of military aggression.
		On the contrary, opposition to militarism flowed naturally from the anti-authoritarian principles of anarchism and therefore was a standpoint shared by all anarchists.
		Known in Japanese as the 'International League' the anarchists dubbed the League of Nations the 'International Capitalist League' and considered it to be a mere 'mask for the ruling class' from which the workers and peasants could expect nothing.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/anarchism/texts/war/japan.html (2321 words)

	Yasukuni Shrine by Mike Rogers
		And, as they are famous for, the Japanese family unit is still strong to this day and most Japanese have a small temple even in their homes to pray for the souls of their loved ones who have passed away.
		From ancient times, the Japanese believed that the spirits of the dead remained upon the land to be worshipped by their ancestors.
		The point that must be remembered is that Yasukuni Shrine is not a shrine glorifying Japanese militarism, it is a shrine to pray for the forgiveness and rest of the souls who died in war.
	www.lewrockwell.com /rogers/rogers188.html (2089 words)

	Militarism - MSN Encarta
		Militarism - militarist ideology is the doctrinal view that society should be governed by the concepts embodied in military culture and its heritage.
		Definition of militarism from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games.
		Militarism, advocacy of an ever-stronger military as a primary goal of society, even at the cost of other social priorities and liberties.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761585671/Militarism.html (136 words)

	Japanese Militarism
		The fact that the Japanese can only spend 0.9% of their GDP on defense (that is the "minuscule" number Lee Wha Rang was searching for, the lowest in all the UN nations) means that the Americans have protected Japan at their own expense while the Japanese have become an economic superpower to contend with anyone.
		The only reason for the Japanese to go to war would be to assist a UN task force in the defense of S. Korea.
		The Japanese have a lot of first strike ability as this is the key method in their strategy: hit first and hard and don't let them see you coming.
	www.kimsoft.com /1997/dylan.htm (1582 words)

	Untitled
		Japanese Zen, especially the Rinzai lineage, had long been linked to the samurai culture and bushido, the way of the sword.
		Japanese leaders had been demonizing the Chinese for decades as the "unruly heathens" that Soen and Suzuki spoke of.
		As Chang relates: "Some Japanese soldiers admitted it was easy for them to kill because they had been taught that next to the emperor, all individual life even their own - was valueless." Japanese soldier Azuma Shiro reported that during his two years of military training, "...
	www.mandala.hr /5/baran.html (5531 words)

	Princeton University Senior Theses brief display
		Hotta, Eri (1994): The Japanese Occupation of Singapore, 1942-1945: Its Impact and Implications.
		Lynn, Richard John (1962): The Initial Influence of Japanese Art upon European Painting: The Breakdown of Academicism and the Intellectual Crisis of the Middle of the Nineteenth Century.
		Waughtel, Jr., Samuel Harrison (1937): A Study of the Development of the Embryos of the Japanese Newt at 10 Degrees C and 20 Degrees C and a Comparison of the Epidermal Cell Nuclei of the Two Groups.
	libweb5.princeton.edu /theses/thesesvw.asp?Lname=&Fname=&Submit=Search&Title1=japanese&department=&Class=&Adviser= (4492 words)

	Web Review (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fear of renewed Japanese aggression is usually justified by claims that the Japanese never honestly faced up to their past.
		Most Japanese, scratching around in their bombed-out cities, were quite happy with the idea of never going to war again.
		The Japanese left, on the other hand, took an almost fetishistic view of official pacifism, as if it were the only way to ward off evil militarism.
	iskran.iip.net /review/jan03/2lat.html (783 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Japanese insist that almost all killed were armed soldiers, and the Chinese argue most of the killed were civilians and soldiers who had surrendered.
		This difference in interpretation also has much political implication: for the Chinese, it illustrated Japanese atrocity, and for the Japanese government, up until recent years they were never fully faced with their war guilt in China, and so they did not want to admit killings other than permitted by international law in times of war.
		Sun argues that the Japanese atrocities in Nanking was first of all not a random event, but the climax of a series of atrocities in the Sino-Japanese war of 1937, and also reflected a pattern of atrocities in the history of Japanese invasions of China.
	www.iun.edu /~hisdcl/t325-memory/sino-japanesewar.htm (1084 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Opinion
		Japanese imperialism was undoubtedly reprehensible but not more so than the imperialism of other colonial powers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
		Japanese leaders have repeatedly distanced themselves from such preposterous views but their sincerity is still doubted by the Chinese and Koreans.
		Increasing numbers of Japanese want their country to be treated as a “normal” country, entitled to maintain regular armed forces, like any other country.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1040701/asp/opinion/story_3322823.asp (1275 words)

	History: The Rise of Japanese Militarism
		Japanese society also still held many of the remnants of feudal culture such as strong confusion beliefs that stressed support for social order and lack of emphasis on individualist values.
		But during the 1930's it became a ideological weapon teaching Japanese that they were a superior country that had a right to expand and that its government was divinely lead by a descendent of the sun god.
		Because these incidents went unpunished and the Japanese public rallied around them the military was able to push for greater militarism and an increasingly active role in government till the entire government was run by the military.
	www.cyberessays.com /History/30.htm (618 words)

	Japan's March Toward Militarism
		Japan's march toward militarism started soon after the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate and the beginning of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, with the Meiji oligarchs' adoption of a policy of fukoku kyôhei (rich country, strong military).
		Japanese militarism and imperialism steadily developed for five principal reasons.
		In the late 19th century, many Japanese leaders came to believe that their country had a "manifest destiny" to free other Asian countries from Western imperialist powers and to lead these countries to collective strength and prosperity.
	wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu /papers/jhist2.htm (1437 words)

	Rejecting war criminals praiseworthy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lenient treatment of Japanese war criminals by the US Government was partly responsible for this.
		Japanese militarists and right-wing political factions have seized the chance to stage various activities to beautify their militarist history.
		These developments indicate that Japanese militarism and right-wing forces are becoming rampant and immune to domestic or international influence.
	www.centurychina.com /wiihist/news/news_english/731.enter.us.html (501 words)

	KCNA calls for checking revival of Japanese militarism
		After the visit former director general of the Japan Defence Agency Tsutomu Kawara said that the "Yasukuni Shrine" is in the hearts of the people and he wanted to continue visiting the shrine to convey their feelings.
		Recently the director general of the Japan Defense Agency asserted at the security commission of the house of representatives that it is worth examining the need for the "self-defense forces" to have the capability to attack bases in other countries, a full revelation of Japan's intention to launch reinvasion.
		The Korean people who had been subject to immeasurable misfortune and sufferings by the Japanese imperialists in the past are watching the moves for reviving Japanese militarism with a high degree of revolutionary vigilance and are fully ready to decisively repel this attack.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/news/dprk/2003/dprk-030426-kcna03.htm (361 words)

	CNN.com - Japanese warships set sail - November 9, 2001
		The mission, which follows weeks of debate in Japan's parliament, is controversial: Opponents at home and in Asian nations that suffered the brunt of Japanese militarism during World War II fear it could be a first step toward loosening constitutional constraints on Japan's armed forces.
		Last month the Japanese parliament passed new legislation to allow the country's Self-Defense Force to operate in non-combat roles, including intelligence gathering and the transport of supplies, to assist the anti-terror coalition.
		Japan's leader though is under pressure to strike a balance between military support to the anti-terror campaign and fears among regional neighbors of a revival in Japanese militarism.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/11/08/ret.japan.warships (566 words)

	People's Daily Online -- To view the outlook of history from Yasukuni Shrine visit
		Japanese Prime Minister Koizumi paid pilgrimage to the Yasukuni Shrine for six consecutive years in defiance of the opposition by the Chinese government and a series of commitments made by the Japanese government on historical issues.
		The Chinese people cannot accept the fact about the visits of the Japanese government leaders to the Yasukuni Shrine which honors Class A war criminals, who were notorious butchers, and boosts the arrogance of Japanese militarism.
		As is known to all, Japan gradually embarked on a road of militarism since the latter half of the 19th century.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /200608/16/print20060816_293767.html (1553 words)

	Rodong Sinmun Warns against Japanese Militarism
		This year, the Japanese militarists have rounded off the legal mechanism for overseas aggression and frantically hastened the conversion of Japan into a military power, thus opening a broad road for it, the article notes.
		This year, the Japanese reactionaries set forth the conversion of Japan into a military power as one of the two major military tasks, the other being the legal arrangement for overseas aggression, and have madly pushed it forward.
		The Japanese reactionary forces in power, zealously following the U.S. hostile policy to stifle the DPRK, have run about with bloodshot eyes to isolate and stifle the DPRK through the formation of a worldwide encirclement ring around it by turning the DPRK's "nuclear issue" into a political and international problem.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/news/dprk/2003/12/dprk-031226-kcna01.htm (419 words)

	asia-inc (Site not responding. Last check: )
		But the war crimes committed by Japanese militarism in WWII are no justification for any Asian nation to whip up anti-Japanese sentiment as an expression of its nationalism.
		Still, the past history of hideous crimes committed by Japanese militarism in Asia is routinely and deliberately used by China, a rising military rival of Japan, to do just that.
		To him, the Japanese war of aggression against Asia was largely due to the failure of the Japanese institutions, mainly the Meiji Constitution.
	www.asia-inc.com /November04/asianeye_nov.htm (826 words)

	Japanese militarism
		Tokyo—Over 60,000 Japanese rallied against Japan's increase in militarization on June 16.
		In 1992, the Japanese army went to Cambodia for a peacekeeping mission equipped with guns.
		Now, Japanese troops are in Afghanistan with guns and in a war.
	www.newsandletters.org /Issues/2002/July/Japan_Jul02.htm (417 words)

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