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Topic: Japanese National Railways

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Japanese National Railways - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Japanese National Railways (日本国有鉄道 Nippon Kokuyū Tetsudō), abbreviated Kokutetsu (国鉄) or "JNR", was the national railway network of Japan from 1872 to 1987. In 1947, JNR was reorganized into a state-owned company by a directive of the U.S. General HQ in Tokyo. During World War II, many JNR lines were dismantled to supply steel for the war effort. www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_National_Railways   (309 words)

Journal of Transport History, The: Privatization of Japanese National Railways: Railway management, market and policy, The The JNR was split into seven different companies, three of which - the Japanese Eastern Railway, the Japanese Central Railway and the Japanese Western Railway -- operated on the island of Honshu, where there is by far the greatest concentration of population and industrial activity. In 1950, for example, when JNR was still making a healthy overall profit, but local authorities were in financial difficulties, the government required it to provide financial assistance to the local authorities of cities, towns and villages through which the railways passed. In 1983 the board of JNR recommended the building of Freight Industry Tracks which would have laid down sidings to factory premises, but the Diet ignored the proposals, with the result that in a period of industrial boom stocks were piling up in freight yards. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3884/is_200003/ai_n8902621   (1313 words)

Japan Railways Group --  Encyclopædia Britannica Japanese Nihon (or Nippon) Tetsudo Gurupu, byname JR Group, formerly Japanese National Railways principal rail network of Japan, consisting of 12 corporations created by the privatization of the government-owned Japanese National Railways (JNR) in 1987. The Japanese government was drawn, step by step, into the conquest of Manchuria and the creation of a regime known as Manchukuo. family of Japanese businessmen who built two vast corporate empires as Japan made the transition from a manufacturing-based to a service-based economy in the late 20th century. www.britannica.com /eb/article-9043369?tocId=9043369   (928 words)

Privatization of Japanese National Railways and Labor Unions The safety of railways and pursuit of peace are major issues along with protection of workers from various kinds of negative impacts stemmed from neo-liberalism. This was coincided with the shift toward globalization in Japanese capitalism. JNR's privatization in the aim of reviewing the collapsed management and shift of the stance toward labor unions showed the new move of capital from the stalemated conventional mechanism to a new accumulating mechanism of capital. www.jru7.net /privatization.htm   (4457 words)

Forbes Special Sections He joined the Japanese National Railways in 1965 and continued to rise within JR East when it was formed in 1987. Trains run by the former Japanese National Railways were old, stations were lined with unattractive shops, and customers felt ignored. The most prominent of the companies born from this breakup, JR East (East Japan Railway Co.), recently became completely privatized when the government sold the last of its JR East stock. www.forbes.com /specialsections/japan/17.htm   (629 words)

Cooperative Benchmarking between the Dutch and Japanese Railways The Japanese railways are famous for their punctuality, which is achieved in spite of tremendous traffic flows on some lines, limited infrastructure (single track working for example) and considerable problems with the environment (heavy rains and landslides, earthquakes, etc.). The financing is 2/3 national government and 1/3 local; JR Kyushu will not be burdened with the financing of the line but will pay an access charge based not on the construction costs but on a forecast of the long term benefits the line creates for JR Kyushu (extra revenue less extra operating costs). Due to the mountainous interior, Kyushu's population is a little more concentrated than in the Netherlands; most roads and railways follow the coast, where most of the population is to be found. www.jrtr.net /jrtr24/f18_hat.html   (4080 words)

International Labour Review: Restructuring of the Japanese National Railways: implications for labor.@ HighBeam Research Restructuring of the Japanese National Railways: implications for labor. This study traces the restructuring of the Japanese National Railways from the first, ill-fated rationalization programs of the 1960s to the privatization of the first independent railway company in 1993. Focusing on employment and industrial relations, it shows how the railway workforce was gradually scaled down and how mighty trade unions opposed to reform were eventually tamed. highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:15535853&refid=ink_tptd_mag   (186 words)

Dawn of Japanese National Railways The National Railways Workers' Union had been organized in March 1946 as a confederation and was later reorganized as a single organization in June of that year. This was a major change in the history of Japan's railways, and is as important as the nationalization in 1906-7 and the privatization in 1987. After his return to public life as JNR President, he tried hard to reconstruct the ruined railways, but he was also forced to resign in May 1955, after a railway ferry sank in the Inland Sea of Japan killing 168 people. www.jrtr.net /jrtr10/history.html   (1984 words)

Overview of railways in Japan Previously there was a nation-wide Japanese National Railways, JNR. Compared with railways in other countries, one of the special features of railways in Japan is the highly dense volume of passenger transportation. There are five types of railway operating organizations, such as the JR companies, the local government, private railway companies ("mintetsu"), companies invested by local government and private companies ("the third sector"), and the Teito Rapid Transit Authority. www.rtri.or.jp /japanrail/Overview_E.html   (195 words)

Japan - PUBLIC CORPORATIONS Although the Japanese economy is largely based on private enterprise, it does have a number of government-owned (public) corporations, which are more extensive and, in some cases, different in function from what exists in the United States. Public companies at the national level were normally affiliated with one of the economic ministries, although the extent of direct management and supervision varied. Because public corporations also added revenue to the national budget and were, theoretically, selffinancing, they required little from the government in the way of financial support. countrystudies.us /japan/101.htm   (422 words)

Getting Politics Out Of Japanese Railways - International Railway Journal - July 2000 THE political implications of the break-up and part privatisation of the former Japanese National Railways (JNR) in 1987 rumble on. The horrendously loss-making JNR was split basically into six passenger railways and a freight operator, with a Yen 28 trillion portion of outstanding debt passed on to the public to be repaid as tax over 60 years. This means that political influence, as well as the residue of political effects from the original break-up formula, remain with the railways 13 years on. www.railjournal.com /2000-07/thismonth.html   (451 words)

ZNet Activism Government-Business Collusion and Land Giveaways in Central Tokyo One of the reasons that business circles, with Doko Toshio in the lead, pursued the privatization of the land-rich JNR (its land holdings were second only to those of the national government) was that there was no remaining land suitable for investment in major urban areas. Still, while the public burden of the railway debt has only increased, for the corporations involved waiting to get their hands on the land cheaply was "no problem." This was the ambition, after all, behind the privatization of the JNR in the first place. The Supervisory Committee for JNR Reconstruction, established in June 1983, was chaired by Kamei Masao, the chairman of Sumitomo Electric Industries and a man famous for his aggressive labor practices. www.zmag.org /content/print_article.cfm?itemID=5139&sectionID=1   (2588 words)

Shinkansen -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article The prefix 'shin' means 'new' in Japanese and oftentimes when building the Shinkansen network, it was not feasible to build it to the already existing station, therefore a second station was built with the 'shin prefix'. The name "Bullet Train" is a Western translation of the Japanese term dangan ressha (弾丸列車), which was the name given to the project while it was initially being developed in the 1940s. Due to the largely mountainous nature of the country, the pre-existing network consisted of 3 ft 6 in gauge (1067 mm) (A railroad track (or its width) narrower than the standard 56.5 inches) narrow gauge lines, which generally took indirect routes and could not be adapted to higher speeds. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sh/shinkansen.htm   (1826 words)

List of Japanese companies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Japanese National Railways - Reorganized into Japan Railway and divided into 7 companies and 1 research institution. This is a list of companies based in Japan. This page was last modified 14:08, 25 October 2005. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Japanese_companies   (102 words)

Japanese transportation project In the year 1987 the month April the Japanese national railways were organized into 7 private companies. The total length of railways in March 1994 was 27,152 km of which they had only 20,129 km and other private railways has 1023 km. the northern alberta railways companies and the northern and southern railways inc. the total combined route of mileage of mainland track operated by the cpr, cnr and bcr totals 6,800 km. www.dragonstrike.com /mrk/transport.htm   (1397 words)

Kato Boxed Sets. The Kiha 82 has the first section which consists of the elegant curved surface, in order for division merger driving to be possible, Final shape of the Japanese National Railways rail-car super express the extent which is modified, in today is appraised. In order to comply with the various needs for a sightseeing train, the interiors were also separated into three parts, one made for group tourists, the second with green reclining sheets for the first-class travelers and the third with very wide view windows in high-decker cars. The prototype JNR Series 475 made its debut in 1965 as a powered-up version of the Series 471 AC/DC express train type electric car for operation in 60Hz. www.mgsharp.com /japanese_n_sets.htm   (2167 words)

The Privatization of Japanese National Railways: 紀伊國屋書店BookWeb Preface vii(2) Acknowledgements ix 1 Restructuring of the Japanese National 1 (20) Railways and its Problems 2 Outcome of the Privatisation of the 21 (24) Japanese National Railways 3 The Foundation of JNR's Reconstruction. This account is seen in the context of the Japanese transport system as a whole, and takes into account the differing requirements of urban and rural areas. An account of the situation which brought about the privatization of JNR in 1987, the processes of privatization, break-up and deregulation, and the new private railway companies. bookweb.kinokuniya.co.jp /guest/cgi-bin/booksea.cgi?ISBN=0485114526   (152 words)

Pak Railways Railways): this scene of May 1970 shows the Sundays-only special up the Khyber Pass in the vicinity of Shagal station. Pakistan Railways were founded on 13th May 1861. P.R. This map of the Pakistan Railways is from the Pakistan Tourism Development Corpn. members.tripod.com /shankaronline/neighbors.htm   (5183 words)

Debt Japan National - Credit RU … The “Law for Disposal of Debts and Liabilities of the Japanese National Railways Settlement Corporation ” was. … state of the Japanese economy and the implications of mounting government debts … situation in Japan as the outcome of national policies and national … … to balance the national budget and pay off most of the national debt. credit.ru.com /debt-japan-national.html   (510 words)

BBC NEWS World The cost of catching up By the 1970s the government-owned Japanese National Railways (JNR) was crippled with debt. Enough was enough and the Japanese Government decided to privatise the railways. "Japan's safety record is very high and that is partly because of the Japanese culture. news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/2051094.stm   (966 words)

SLOPE DISASTERS ALONG RAILWAYS The number of natural disasters along railways was in excess of 8000 per year about 30 years ago, but after that, it has largely been reduced approximately to 1000 per year in these 10 years(about half of them obstructing operation). The present status of rainfall disasters investigated and the countermeasures taken along railways in Japan and the slope disaster RandD undertaken by RTRI are outlined. The Japanese Islands are located in the region where four large plates collide each other, generating big stress. www.rtri.or.jp /infoce/wcrr97/B616/B616.html   (2517 words)

Japanese Model Supplies - Why model Japanese railways? The Japanese railway system is the safest, cleanest, fastest, most punctual but also the most crowded in the world. Japanese quality, in both detail and reliability, is on par or even better than the well-known European brands. Visit Japanese Model Supplies, to see the range and variety of models produced, or join one of the English language discussion groups and ask as many questions as you like. japanese-model-supplies.com /why.html   (732 words)

"Ration" of National Railway's Series 63 emus to private railways Before going into the description of Tobu Railway's Series 5000 emus, we have to go through Series 63 emus of Japanese National Railways, which the Government "rationed" some private railways in 1946, just after the end of World War II. Series 63, with 20-metre-long carbodies which were larger than most railcars working on these private railways, were not necessarily convenient for their services. The "ration" was undertaken in the view that the private railway companies, damaged by bombardments during the War and the subsequent period of chaos, could cope with the traffic demand by using those railcars, which was of "wartime design" and was easy to manufacture. www.takagi-ryo.ac /docs/id/256/lang/1   (376 words)

Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Japan / Bibliography Words in Motion: Modern Japanese Calligraphy: An Exhibition by the Library of Congress and the Yomiuri Shimbun, June 15, 1984-September 15, 1984. Japanese Investment in the United States: Its Causes and Consequences. Japanese Children's Books and Television Today: Papers from a Symposium at the Library of Congress, November 18-19, 1987. lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/japan/jp_bibl.html   (11216 words)

Japanese national railways : its break-up and privatization : how Japan's passenger rail services became the envy of the world. - KASAI, YOSHIYUKI, Japanese national railways : its break-up and privatization : how Japan's passenger rail services became the envy of the world. KASAI, YOSHIYUKI, Japanese national railways : its break-up and privatization : how Japan's passenger rail services became the envy of the world. They offer full satisfaction and normal prices - no markups, no hidden costs, no overcharged shipping costs. www.antiqbook.co.uk /boox/odo/49463.shtml   (89 words)

1987 April 1 - The Japanese National Railways are privatized and split up into the modern Japan Railway group. June 5 - Ted Koppel hosts a "National Town Meeting on AIDS" on a special 4-hour long live broadcast of Nightline. He is immediately detained and will later be released on Wednesday, August 3, 1988. www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/1/19/1987.html   (1560 words)

SBF Glossary: Jo. to J-2 Japanese Technology Evaluation Center ``and its companion World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) at Loyola College provide assessments of foreign research and development in selected technologies under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (NSF).'' Japanese term for a wide range of schools or classes. Japanese capability, you can find some English-language information on this topic at the SBF snow blower entry. www.plexoft.com /SBF/J02.html   (6022 words)

Japanese Trains Japan Railways (JR Group) is the successor of the national JNR (Japanese National Railways), which was privatized in 1987 due to huge debts. About 70 percent of Japan's railway network are owned and operated by the Japan Railways (JR), while the remaining 30 percent belong to several dozens of private railway companies, especially in and around metropolitan areas. Japan's four major islands, Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku are covered by an extensive and reliable network of railways. www.japan-guide.com /e/e2019.html   (436 words)

Bloomberg.com: U.S. JR Central was created in 1987 when the government split Japanese National Railways into seven units, including JR West and JR East. The railway, which runs bullet trains between Japan's largest and third-largest cities Tokyo and Osaka, tripled profit to 6.8 billion yen in the three months ended March 31, after the sale of its stake in Vodafone Group Plc's Japanese cell-phone unit. JR West, which operates commuter railway systems in the Osaka region, is struggling to restore consumer confidence after its train was involved in the nation's worst rail accident in four years in April, killing 106 passengers. www.bloomberg.com /apps/news?pid=10001061&sid=acEjfndjjYa0&refer=movers_by_index   (906 words)

Forbes.com: Japan sets price for $2.32 bln JR West share offer The companies were created in April 1987 when heavily indebted state monopoly Japanese National Railways (JNR) was split into seven JR group firms. TOKYO, March 8 (Reuters) - The Japanese government is to sell its remaining shares in West Japan Railway Co (JR West) <9021.T>, the country's second-biggest railway operator, at a 2.14 percent discount in a planned $2.32 billion offering, the company said on Monday. The break-up left the government with two-thirds of JNR's debt, or 25.5 trillion yen, and it has been trying to cut that debt by selling land held by JNR and the shares it retained in JR firms. www.forbes.com /home_asia/newswire/2004/03/08/rtr1289604.html   (463 words)

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