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Topic: Japanese Red Army

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Kozo Okamoto

Fusako Shigenobu

Yu Kikumura

Lod Airport Massacre

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	Definition of Japanese Red Army
		Ekita Yukiko, a long-time JRA activist, was arrested in March 1995 in Romania and subsequently deported to Japan.
		Her release was part of a deal with the Japanese Red Army during the hijacking of a Japanese airliner to Bangladesh.
		January 1974: Red Army attacked a Shell Oil facility in Singapore and took five hostages; simultaneously, the PFLP seized the Japanese embassy in Kuwait.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Japanese_Red_Army (1082 words)

	Japanese Red Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yukiko Ekita, a long-time JRA activist, was arrested in March 1995 in Romania and subsequently deported to Japan.
		Her release was part of a deal with the Japanese Red Army during the hijacking of a Japanese airliner to Bangladesh.
		January 1974: Laju incident: Red Army attacked a Shell facility in Singapore and took five hostages; simultaneously, the PFLP seized the Japanese embassy in Kuwait.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_Red_Army (1193 words)

	Red Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This organization became the army of the Soviet Union after the establishment of the USSR in 1922, and eventually grew to form the largest army in the world from the 1940s to the early 1990s.
		The early Red Army abandoned the institution of a professional officer corps as a "heritage of tsarism" in the course of the Revolution.
		In 1945 the Red Army adopted the Siminov SKS, a semi-automatic 7.62x39mm carbine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Red_Army (4943 words)

	Red Diagram @ NaturalResearch.org (Natural Research) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Red is the color of the passion (emotion), romance and sex, (because of its association with blood, which is responsible for arousal) thus the red of a Valentine heart and of a "red-light district".
		Red is the color used for critical or important systems (such as emergency lighting) that operate in low-light or night-time conditions, as rod cells in the human eye do not respond to it and therefore does not interfere in the eye's ability to focus in dim environments.
		Red light is the first to be absorbed by sea water, so that many fish and marine invertebrates that appear bright red are fl in their native habitat.
	www.naturalresearch.org /encyclopedia/Red (1882 words)

	Japanese Red Army: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Fusako shigenobu (; shigenobu fusako) (born september 3, 1945), was the female leader of the japanese red army....
		Her release was part of a deal with the Japanese Red Army during the hijacking of a Japanese airliner to Bangladesh[Click link for more facts about this topic].
		The symbionese liberation army was an american-based group that considered itself a revolutionary vanguard army and was a proponent of radical leftist ideolo...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/ja/japanese_red_army.htm (3730 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Japanese authorities now believe that they were involved in money laundering and in the abduction of Japanese citizens from Japan and Europe in the late 1970s and early 1980s, most likely with a view to recruiting the forces with which to carry forward a program of armed uprising in Japan.
		Japanese authorities believe that they, or their wives, were involved in the 1970s and 1980s North Korean abduction of Japanese citizens from Japan and Europe, and it seems likely that they will face charges on that count as well as over the "Yodo" hijacking itself.
		The comments about her by Shiomi Takaya, former Red Army Faction chairman who was jailed from 1970 to 1989 for his role in the JRA's early activities, compare bleakly with the warmth of recollection of the camaraderie he clearly shared with male comrades.
	japanfocus.org /113.html (8417 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Japanese soldier of the Red Army was now on the battle lines of a world struggle to bring about revolution.” This is greatest depth and length with which he explains the organization’s political motivations.
		Later that year the leader of the new Red Army was in contact with the leadership of the United States’ Students for a Democratic Society; the JRA spoke of 'The Osaka-Chicago-Tokyo wars” which would be the ”beginning of a new revolutionary era.” The JRA numbered approximately 400, about 150 of whom were core members.
		While the Red Army's comrade was released, they had to give up their $300,000 upon landing in Syria, as the Syrian government did not take kindly hostage-taking for money.
	www.gjbip.org /jra_br.htm (3386 words)

	Japanese Red Army (JRA) Anti-Imperialist International Brigade (AIIB)
		Fusako Shigenobu led the JRA until her arrest in Japan in November 2000.
		During the 1970s, JRA carried out a series of attacks around the world, including the massacre in 1972 at Lod Airport in Israel, two Japanese airliner hijackings, and an attempted takeover of the US Embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
		In April 1988, JRA operative Yu Kikumura was arrested with explosives on the New Jersey Turnpike, apparently planning an attack to coincide with the bombing of a USO club in Naples, a suspected JRA operation that killed five, including a US servicewoman.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/para/jra.htm (337 words)

	Lebanon Deports Japanese Red Army (JRA) Members
		A fifth JRA member, Kozo Okamoto, who is regarded as a hero in Lebanon and throughout the Middle East for his involvement in the armed struggle against Israel, was given political asylum in Lebanon.
		The four JRA members who were deported from Lebanon had converted to Islam, in contradiction to their communist principles, in an effort to please Lebanese officials.
		The Japanese and Lebanese governments are said to have secretly planned the deportations to prevent other militant groups from trying to recapture the leftists.
	www.squat.net /tmc/msg00876.html (1600 words)

	MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
		The JRA and its predecessor sprang from the vigorous student protest movements of the 1960s.
		In 1981, however, the JRA publicly stated that it was considering the rejection of violence as a political tool.
		In 1983, Shigenobu told the Japanese press that the group had "left the way of absolute terror." Despite this, the JRA continued to plan and execute attacks during the 1980s, although they were on a much smaller scale than the group's previous activities.
	www.tkb.org /Group.jsp?groupID=59 (568 words)

	ICT - International Institute for Counter-Terrorism - News - Commentaries - Japanese Red Army Founder Arrested in Japan
		After eluding police for a quarter of a century the notorious founder of the Japanese Red Army was arrested on Wednesday in Osaka, Japan.
		On March 31, 1970, nine JRA members armed with samurai swords hijacked a Japan Airlines (JAL) Boeing 727 jetliner carrying 131 passengers and seven crew plane and forced it to land in the North Korean capital, Pyongyang.
		Of the nine JRA members who hijacked the Japan Airlines passenger jet to Pyongyang, three of the nine have since died and another two were arrested when they slipped out of North Korea.
	www.ict.org.il /apage/5956.php (985 words)

	Creatures of the Cold War: the Japanese Red Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Central to her plan to encourage the JRA's self-sufficiency was the development of the JRA's c apabilities as terrorist 'guns-for-hire', available to perform various clandestine tasks or undertake violent attacks on behalf of other terrorist groups or those prospective governmental patrons who shared the group's ideological orientation and comm itment to global revolution.
		Among the Carlos-commissioned JRA operations was the 1974 seizure of the French Embassy in The Hague and the bombing that same year of a popular discotheque on Paris's rue St. Germain, in which two people were killed and 35 others injured.
		Moreover, while the JRA may exist in the sense that it is not as completely defunct as its Italian and German counterparts, it can hardly be consi dered a thriving, much less even active, terrorist entity given that its last recorded operation took place nearly a decade ago, in 1988.
	www.kimsoft.com /korea/jp-reda.htm (2210 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Asia-Pacific \| Japanese Red Army leader jailed
		It is a period of violence which must seem remote to younger Japanese living in the one of the world's safest and most stable societies, according to the BBC correspondent in Tokyo Jonathan Head.
		But in the 1960s and 70s, militant groups were prominent in Japanese political life, and none were more extreme in their tactics than the Japanese Red Army.
		The Red Army's ability to function declined in the 1990s as its members - never more than 40 - were arrested or found themselves living in isolation in countries like Syria and North Korea.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4742028.stm (328 words)

	CTV.ca \| Japanese Red Army to disband
		Fusako Shigenobu, the Red Army's founder who was arrested last year after more than 25 years on the run, ordered the dissolution, the group said in a statement faxed to the Yomiuri newspaper, Japan's largest daily.
		The Red Army said that the dwindling number of supporters and the loss of many senior personnel, who either have abandoned or been arrested in recent years, forced its decision.
		The Red Army carried out a string of high-profile terrorist attacks in the 1970s and 1980s, including a 1972 machine-gun and grenade assault on the international airport outside Tel Aviv, that killed 24 people and injured 80.
	www.ctv.ca /servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1027385810282_22795010 (400 words)

	Japanese Red Army founder gets 20 years - International Terrorism - MSNBC.com
		She is further accused of helping one of the three Japanese Red Army members who attacked the French embassy violate Japan's Passport Law.
		The Japanese Red Army member held in a French prison was released in exchange for the embassy hostages and fled to Syria together with Okudaira and the two other attackers.
		The Japanese Red Army member who was released from French prison left the radical group in February 1986 and surrendered to Japanese police.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/11511046 (593 words)

	ipedia.com: Japanese Red Army Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Japanese Red Army is an international organisation founded by Ms.
		The Japanese Red Army (JRA) is an international organisation founded by Ms.
		September 1977: The Red Army hijacked a JAL plane over India and forced it to land in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
	www.ipedia.com /japanese_red_army.html (1068 words)

	eXile - Issue #228 - War Nerd - The Japanese Red Army - By Gary Brecher
		He confessed the JRA had taken the job on contract from George Habash's PFLP, a small but deadly Palestinian group that was eventually pretty much wiped out by Mossad, one guy at a time.
		Nobody, but nobody, thought the JRA was bluffing, and five JRA vets were out of their cells and on a flight to Libya faster than a Beni Hana chef slices up shrimp.
		And the JRA was tough but fair; they were just as hard on themselves as on the rest of the world.
	www.exile.ru /2005-December-15/the_japanese_red_army.html (3428 words)

	Scotsman.com News - International - 'Empress' of Japan's Red Army jailed for embassy attack
		MORE than three decades after she masterminded the Japanese Red Army's seizure of the French embassy in The Hague, a Tokyo court sentenced Fuasko Shigenobu yesterday to 20 years in prison for kidnapping and attempted murder.
		Its stated ambitions were the overthrow of the Japanese government and the abolition of the imperial family, as well as a worldwide revolution.
		The group obtained weapons for the attack in The Hague from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and, in return for the release of the embassy personnel, the French government released a jailed member of the Red Army and the terrorists were all flown to Syria.
	news.scotsman.com /international.cfm?id=285222006 (498 words)

	friendly printed version:In the Spotlight: Japanese Red Army (JRA)
		The JRA sought to establish bases in communist states, such as North Korea and Cuba, where militants could be trained to lead arms uprisings in Japan itself.
		Initially calling themselves the “Arab Red Army” or “Arab commission of Red Army Fraction,” the group became independent of the Red Army Faction within a few years and formed a new organization called the Japanese Red Army.
		The JRA was always relatively small, claiming, at its peak, to have 30 to 40 operatives.
	www.cdi.org /friendlyversion/printversion.cfm?documentID=1771 (1196 words)

	Tank museum, Russia
		The British tanks are captured by the Red Army in 1919 near the Novorossysk, the South of Russia.
		During the 1920's the Red Army purchased many foreign examples of tanks to use as models for future domestic production.
		The German tank was captured by the Red Army, WW2.
	www.tankmuseum.ru /history.html (582 words)

	Lycos Search Results: results for "jra+-+japanese+red+army"
		JRA - Japanese Red Army - The Society and Culture Beat -...
		The Culture and Society Beat covers JRA - Japanese Red Army plus the range of human culture and society from history to issues currently in the news.
		JRA - Japanese Red Army Terrorist Organizations Terrorism Issues...
	search.lycos.com /?lpv=1&loc=searchhp&query=%22jra%2b-%2bjapanese%2bred%2barmy%22 (261 words)

	CNN.com - Founder of militant Japanese Red Army arrested - November 8, 2000
		Shigenobu was a member of the original Red Army, formed in Japan amid the student unrest of the late 1960s.
		The Japanese Red Army carried out several high-profile terrorist attacks, including the 1972 shooting at Ben Gurion airport in Tel Aviv, Israel, that killed 24 people.
		Several Japanese Red Army leaders were given safe haven in Lebanon because they were seen as heroes for the Israeli airport attack and for their support of the Palestinian cause.
	www.cnn.com /2000/ASIANOW/east/11/08/japan.redarmy.ap/index.html (551 words)

	Japanese Red Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		hospital for cataract operations; the camp, part of a Japanese Red Cross funded...
		his unit was relieved and assigned to guard Japanese prisoners of...
		a Soviet Red Army soldier, renewed his call on Tuesday for Red Army veterans and...
	www.wikiverse.org /japanese-red-army (1194 words)

	Red army - Red Army Faction (RAF) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, The Bolshevik authorities assigned to every unit of the Red Army a
		Red Army Soviet army created by the Communist government after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.
		The woman who founded Japan's Red Army guerrilla group has been jailed for 20 The Japanese Red Army was formed in the late 1960s and disbanded in 2001.
	velez.getinfoeasy.com /?q=velez-red-army (225 words)

	United Press International - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Fusako Shigenobu, former Japanese Red Army leader, was sentenced Thursday in Tokyo to 20 years in prison for a 1974 attack on the French Embassy in Holland.
		The Tokyo District Court ruled that Shigenobu, 60, planned and executed the attack on the embassy in The Hague in order to obtain the release of her detained Red Army comrade from a French prison.
		Shigenobu, a founding member of the Red Army, has denied the charges, claiming the incident was plotted by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.
	www.washtimes.com /upi/20060223-120931-1249r.htm (226 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Japanese Red Army
		The Japanese Red Army (日本赤軍, Nihon Sekigun) (JRA) is an international organisation founded by Ms.
		May 30, 1972: The Lod Airport Massacre: A machine gun and grenade attack on Israel's Lod Airport in Tel Aviv, now Ben Gurion International Airport, left 26 people dead, including two JRA members.
		December 1977: A suspected lone member of the army hijacked an internal Malaysia Airlines flight carrying the Cuban ambassador to Tokyo Mario Garcia.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Japanese_Red_Army (1086 words)

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