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	Steller and California sea lions
		The Northern sea lion is the largest of the sea lions.
		Sea lions are known to damage fishing gear and steal or destroy fish in the nets.
		Recently, a number of California sea lions were involved in a conflict with the steeleye salmon fisheries in Washington.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jaap/sealion1.htm (1311 words)

	California Sea Lion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) is a coastal sea lion of the eastern Pacific often associated with marinas and wharves.
		California Sea Lions are highly sociable and gather in large numbers on beaches and coasts.
		California Sea Lions are intelligent and adaptable, and are often trained as entertainers at ocean parks and zoos as well as by researchers studying interspecies cooperation in the marine environment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/California_Sea_Lion (278 words)

	ANIMAL INFO BOOKS - California Sea Lion
		California sea lions usually do not need to dive very deeply, since most of their food is found in shallow waters, about 26 to 74 m (85–243 ft.) deep.
		California sea lions are susceptible to gastric disorders, viral, and bacterial infections.
		California sea lions on the coast of Seattle, Washington prey on a declining population of winter steelhead salmon that return to the Lake Washington drainage to spawn each winter.
	www.seaworld.org /animal-info/info-books/california-sea-lion (4683 words)

	Japanese Sea Lion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Japanese Sea Lion (Zalophus japonicus or Zalophus californianus japonicus) is thought to have gone extinct in the 1950s.
		They went extinct because they were captured for the circus trade, their skin was used for oil, internal organs were valuable to use for oriental medicine, and their whiskers were used as pipe cleaners.
		Many taxonomists don't consider the Japanese Sea Lion a separated species but a subspecies of the California Sea Lion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_Sea_Lion (151 words)

	Ocean Life California Sea Lion - Adaptation
		The age of a sea lion can be determined by counting the growth layers in their teeth, similar to counting rings in a tree trunk; however, this can only be done by removal of a tooth, so the exact age of many sea lions is not known.
		The California sea lion, Zalophus californianus californianus, population estimate is between 161,066 and 181,355 and is increasing at a rate of about 5% a year.
		The Galapagos sea lion, Zalophus californianus wollebaeki, population estimate is 75,000 and live exclusively on the Galapagos Islands.
	www.onr.navy.mil /Focus/ocean/life/sealion5.htm (299 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions
		Dolphins and sea lions are mammals and are therefore warm-blooded, breathe air, give birth to live young, nurse and care for their young, and have hair.
		Sea lions are covered in fur; dolphins have a mustache that falls out shortly after birth.
		Sea lions have an external ear flap; a seal' external ear is a pinhole opening.
	www.theaterofthesea.com /qa.html (1848 words)

	Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo
		The water level is lowered when it is expected that a new sea lion pup will be born and once the pup is born to create a "beach." This is done because sea lions pups are not able to swim.
		The California sea lion population at the Galapagos Islands is totally protected; while the Japanese population is probably extinct.
		Sea lions live on rocky flats and shelves which are washed by large waves or submerged at high tide which help the sea lions stay wet.
	www.omahazoo.com /exhibits/index.asp?page=/exhibits/sealion.htm (489 words)

	Japanese Sea Lion -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Japanese Sea Lion (Zalophus japonicus or Zalophus californianus japonicus) is thought to have gone (additional info and facts about extinct) extinct in the (The decade from 1950 to 1959) 1950s.
		They went extinct because they were captured for the (A genus of haws comprising the harriers) circus trade, their skin was used for oil, internal organs were valuable to use for oriental medicine, and their whiskers were used as pipe cleaners.
		Many taxonomists don't consider the Japanese Sea Lion a separated species but a subspecies of the (Often trained as a show animal) California Sea Lion.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/J/Ja/Japanese_Sea_Lion.htm (160 words)

	Steller Sea Lions
		The California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) is seen all along the Pacific Coast and is generally found at Sea Lion Caves from late fall to early spring.
		Young sea lions called pups seem to be immune to most diseases as long as they are breast fed. As they mature, pups become susceptible to internal parasites such as round worms and tape worms which are a deterrent to both growth and longevity.
		Population increases are also somewhat checked by adult sea lions inadvertently trampling their young and also by accidental drownings of the newly born which have not yet learned to swim.
	www.sealioncaves.com /whatsee/steller.html (1680 words)

	Bibliography: Steller Sea Lion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Belkin, A. The interrelations of sea lions and fur seals on common breeding rookeries (From observations on the reestablishment of fur seal rookeries in the Kuril Islands).
		Halarachnid mites infesting the respiratory tract of Steller sea lions.
		The abundance and interrelationships of Steller sea lions and northern fur seals on common harem rookeries of the Kuril Is. Morsk.
	nmml.afsc.noaa.gov /AlaskaEcosystems/sslhome/biblio1.htm (12110 words)

	Ecology & Evolution: Evolution of Pinnipeds: Text/title> (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sea otters inhabit nearshore waters and may haul out on land, but unlike pinnipeds, they retain essentially no ties to land because they are able to mate and raise their pups entirely at sea (Fig.
		All sea lions and fur seals are highly polygynous, and adult males are usually territorial.
		The similar social and reproductive behavior of sea lions and fur seals has even led some taxonomists to suggest that the differences between these otariids are not great enough to justify separating them into the subfamilies Otariinae and Arctocephalinae (Repenning 1976; Repenning and Tedford 1977).
	polarmet.mps.ohio-state.edu /ASPIRE_99/seals/science/evxt.htm (4070 words)

	California Sea Lion, Zalophus californianus @ MarineBio.org
		Sea lions are large, ranging from around 150 kg to over 1,500 kg, and males tend to be much larger than females (called sexual dimorphism).
		Sea lions are known to battle such diseases as pneumonia, caused by a parasitic lungworm, and a bacterial infection called leptospirosis, which affects their livers and kidneys.
		California sea lions are very social animals, and groups often rest closely packed together at favored haul-out sites on land, or float together on the ocean's surface in "rafts." They are sometimes seen porpoising too, or jumping out of the water, presumably to speed up their swimming.
	marinebio.org /species.asp?id=50 (1305 words)

	Monterey Bay Aquarium: Online Field Guide
		Groups of sea lions can be very noisy; their constant, piercing barking can be heard from a quite a distance.
		Of the five species of sea lions worldwide, the California sea lion is the only one whose population is expanding.
		Sea lions stick their flippers out of the water to regulate their body temperature.
	www.mbayaq.org /efc/living_species?hOri=1&inhab=406 (178 words)

	Ch17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		These sea lions can be separated from the similar, but much larger, Steller sea lion and similar sized South American sea lion, on the basis of head and muzzle shape and size, and relative size of the ear pinnae.
		At birth, Australian sea lion pups are dark brown, with a paler crown and a dark facial mask.
		Australian sea lions can be differentiated from these and all other southern fur seals based on coloration, lack of dense underfur, generally shorter pelage (exclusive of the mane on adult males) and vibrissae, head and muzzle shape, size of the ear pinnae, and size and shape of toes on the hindflippers.
	www.fao.org /docrep/T0725E/t0725e0h.htm (5594 words)

	California Sea Lion--BIOLOGICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE SPECIES RESIDING IN ...
		At sea, sea lions are found in pelagic and near shore waters to surf zone while on land they rest and breed in groups of various sizes and are often found in large rookeries containing thousands of animals (Reidman, 1989).
		Sea lions were observed to forage in large groups when extensive schools of fish or squid are present.
		Liver and kidney samples taken from premature parturient female sea lions and their pups were analyzed for trace metals and compared to metal analysis of samples taken from full- term female sea lions and their pups (Martin et al., 1976).
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /BIOECO/sealion.htm (3096 words)

	Taxonomy Order
		California sea lions are regularily seen in aqauria and zoos around the world and are therefore probably the most well known of the sea lions.
		Hunting of California sea lions during the 1800s was predominantly for the whiskers, testes and penises which were sold to China for use in aphrodisiac preparations.
		Although the Galapagos sea lion was not as heavily exploited as the California sea lion, some were killed for their skins and directly and indirectly by fishing operations near the islands.
	www.imma.org /pinnipeds/Californiasealn.htm (603 words)

	The Biogeography of California Sea Lion
		Sea lions have flippers that are used both for swimming and mobility on land (TMMC 2000).
		In the early 1800s, the California sea lion was hunted extensively, mostly for the oil from their blubber, which had various uses.
		While the California sea lion population is not endangered, this species could serve as a indicator species on the overall general health of the coastal food chains.
	bss.sfsu.edu /holzman/courses/Fall01%20projects/Californiasealion.htm (1387 words)

	Sea Lions of the World: Call for papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Changes in the worldwide abundance of sea lions is of growing concern to fisheries and conservation groups, because fisheries are feared to threaten sea lions, or because sea lions are feared to threaten fisheries.
		This is in contrast to the rapid increase in California sea lions in Mexico and California.
		Elsewhere, the Japanese subspecies of the California sea lion is probably extinct and the Galapagos subspecies is in low numbers.
	www.uaf.edu /seagrant/Conferences/sealions/call.html (864 words)

	Zootek - Where The Animals Play!
		This subspecies was not subjected to the same commercial exploitation that caused the depletion of California sea lion populations, although occasional sea lions were killed for their skins or to provide tooth necklaces for tourists.
		Many Galápagos sea lions have been and are still being killed as a result of illegal and local fishing activities around the islands, despite the Ecuador government expanding the no-fishing zone around the islands from 15 to 40 nautical miles in early 1998.
		The entanglement of sea lions in fishing gear, particularly in long-line hooks and nylon line, is one of the most important problems currently affecting the subspecies.
	www.zoo-tek.com /forums/index.php?download=463 (730 words)

	CNN.com - Sea lion forsakes ocean for trip to farm - Feb. 10, 2004
		A sea lion that apparently swam upriver from the ocean into the inland canals of central California was captured after motorists spotted it flopping along the roadway, 65 miles (105 kilometers) from the sea.
		Sea lions have also been found in the Sacramento and Stockton areas, more than 50 miles (80 kilometers) inland, Schramm said.
		The sea lion, found about a half-mile from the nearest canal, appeared to be in good condition.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/science/02/10/valley.seal.ap (299 words)

	Welcome to Oceans Of Fun - Our Animals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The seals and sea lions at Oceans of Fun are fed a variety of fish daily, which includes capelin, herring, squid, and smelt.
		Sea lions have evolved from bear like ancestors and have adapted very well to their marine environment.
		A sea lions' body is long and streamlined allowing them to move through the dense water environment with ease.
	www.oceansoffun.org /animals.htm (1864 words)

	CNN.com - Stranded sea lion has bullet in head - Feb. 11, 2004
		Officials found a bullet lodged in the head of a sea lion corralled 65 miles from the ocean.
		A bullet was found lodged in the head of a sea lion discovered flopping along a road in central California some 60 miles from the ocean.
		Schramm said the sea lion would remain under observation for at least a week while officials determine whether he is healthy enough to return to the ocean.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/science/02/11/valley.sea.lion.ap (310 words)

	zalophus californianus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The California Sea Lion, Zalophus californianus californianus, is a coastal sea lion of the eastern Pacific often associated with marinas and wharves.
		Males grow to 750 pounds (340 kg) and 8 feet (2.4 m) long, females are generally no larger than 220 pounds (100 kg).
		There are three subspecies: Zalophus californianus californianus is the nominate race, the others are the Galapagos Sea Lion (Z.c.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Zalophus_californianus (194 words)

	Japanese Wild Animals(7) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Japanese serow is protected as a special natural monument.
		The Japanese Sea lion which lived in the Japanese seashore died out at 1972.
		The sea lion family use forefeet like a fin when they swim.
	members.aol.com /kazu0309/e-sakuhin106.html (300 words)

	Japanese Sea Lion
		The Japanese Sea Lion is thought to have gone extinct in the 1950's.
		Fishermen killed many, and durning WWII it is said that Japanese soldiers used them as target practice.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ja/Japanese_Sea_Lion.html (110 words)

	IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Zalophus japonicus
		Rarely found more than 16 km out to sea and frequently hauling onto shore areas throughout the year, Zalophus breeds mainly on flat, open, sandy beaches, and sometimes in rocky areas.
		Sea lions have been captured for the circus trade and have also been exploited for their skin and oil.
		However, the main reason for the extinction of the Japanese Sealion is thought to be persecution by fishermen.
	www.redlist.org /search/details.php?species=41667 (256 words)

	Japanese Sea Lion - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Japanese Sea Lion - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 17:08, 14 Nov 2004.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Japanese Sea Lion contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Japanese_Sea_Lion (165 words)

	San Juan Islands wildlife, California Sea Lion, Killer Whales, Bald Eagles. The San Juan Islands Guide
		The California Sea Lion is a coastal sea lion of the eastern Pacific often associated with marinas and wharves.
		There are three subspecies: Zalophus californianus californianus is the nominate race, the others are the Galapagos Sea Lion (Z. c.
		wollenbacki) and the Japanese Sea Lion (Z. c.
	www.sanjuanislandsguide.com /wildlife/california-sea-lion.htm (200 words)

	MarineBio Projects - Ocean biology, Marine life, Sea creatures, Marine conservation...
		Species will include marine alga and plants, marine worms, hard and soft corals (and other cnidarians), plankton, echinoderms, crustaceans, cephalopods, commercial, reef, and deep-sea fishes, sharks, marine birds, sea turtles (and other marine reptiles), and marine mammals.
		Succinct explanations of the complex issues involved in marine conservation with a focus on solutions while highlighting current efforts and the obstacles involved.
		All of these adaptations enable sea snakes to dive for long periods and to hunt underwater.
	www.marinebio.com /Research/Projects (623 words)

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