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	The Avalon Project : Japanese Note to the United States December 7, 1941
		The Government of the United States undertakes not to resort to measures and actions prejudicial to the endeavours for the restoration of general peace between Japan and China.
		The Japanese Government, in its desire for an early conclusion of the negotiation, proposed simultaneous ly with the conclusion of the Japanese-American negotiation, agreements to be signed with Great Britain and other interested countries.
		The Japanese Government regrets to have to notify hereby the American Government that in view of the attitude of the American Government it cannot but consider that it is impossible to reach an agreement through further negotiations.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/wwii/p3.htm (1976 words)

	“We the Japanese People” – A Reflection on Public Opinion
		Older Japanese, though mostly born after the war, cannot completely dissociate the national flag with the image of militarist Japan, and they are struck by – even envious of – the carefree attitude with which the young wave the national flag at international sporting events.
		Japanese students of a society deeply uncomfortable with the militarist past are not properly given modern history lessons, but their sentiments carry society’s pacifistic impulse.
		Japanese society is rapidly ageing, and the population is shrinking.
	yaleglobal.yale.edu /display.article?id=7444 (2263 words)

	Scott Teresi - Essay on the Japanese Government's Underlying Problems
		If Japanese politicians have shied away from trying to sort out the country's problems, that may be partly because it is so difficult to identify where one problem ends and the next beings.
		The Japanese themselves consider wa, harmony, to be its foundation, and though the facts may not support this belief, conflict is undoubtedly frowned upon and consensus favoured.
		The Japanese are less ethnically homogeneous than they would like to believe, but the absence of people who are obviously of foreign descent is a striking feature of even Tokyo, let alone places beyond the capital.
	teresi.us /html/writing/japan.html (1841 words)

	The Myth of Japanese Industrial Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Japanese government, through such agencies as the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) and the Ministry of Finance, has played a powerful role in the economy, the argument goes, turning a war-battered Japan into an economic juggernaut in 25 years.
		During the 1950s and 1960s, when the Japanese government used credit rationing to allocate capital to target industries, Japan was rebuilding its industrial infrastructure which had been battered during the war.
		Government policy toward the tobacco industry, which is simultaneously taxed, restricted, and subsidized, is another indication of the government's ability to implement a consistent industrial policy.
	www.libertyhaven.com /countriesandregions/japan/mythpolicy.html (1938 words)

	The Japanese Government
		Actual governance is accomplished through a parliamentary democracy operating under a constitution which took effect on May 3, 1947, a constitution that also includes a Bill of Rights similar to the U.S. Bill of Rights.
		The Japanese government consists of three branches: an executive branch, a bicameral legislative branch, and an independent judicial branch.
		This branch of government consists of several levels of courts, with the Supreme court as the final judicial review/authority of all legislative acts.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Jta/Jp/JpGOV0.htm (534 words)

	TEXT OF THE DOCUMENT HANDED BY SECRETARY OF STATE HULL TO THE JAPANESE AMBASSADOR
		It was therefore a source of disappointment to the Government of the United States that the proposals of the Japanese Government presented by the Japanese Ambassador on September 6, 1941, which the Japanese Government apparently intended should constitute a concrete basis for discussions, appeared to disclose divergence in the concepts of the two Governments.
		In the Japanese Government's proposals of September 6 and in subsequent communications from the Japanese Government the commitments contained in that formula were restricted to the countries of the Southwest Pacific area (not the Pacific area as a whole).
		This Government believes that renewed consideration of these fundamental principles may be helpful in our effort to seek a meeting of minds in regard to the essential questions on which we seek agreement and thus lay a firm foundation for a meeting between the responsible heads of the two Governments.
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/policy/1941/411002b.html (1104 words)

	USATODAY.com - Video: Japanese hostage to be beheaded (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroyuki Hosoda confirmed that Koizumi had instructed the government not to withdraw the troops and said he had been ordered to investigate the facts of the case and to consider measures to free the hostage.
		The video was being shown repeatedly by NHK and was certain to trigger an uproar in Japan and pose a new test to the government, which has dispatched 500 troops to southern Iraq on a humanitarian mission in support of U.S.-led reconstruction efforts despite strong opposition in public opinion.
		"We give the Japanese government 48 hours to withdraw its troops from Iraq, otherwise his fate will be the same of that his predecessors, Berg and Bigley and other infidels," the man said, referring to the beheadings of British engineer Kenneth Bigley and U.S. businessman Nicholas Berg.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/iraq/2004-10-26-japanese-hostage_x.htm (889 words)

	JAPANESE ATTACK ON CHINA 1937
		The reply from Germany was that the Reich Government had taken note with due interest of Secretary Hull's statement; that the Reich Government's "basic principle is, as is generally known, directed toward the regulation of international relations by pacific agreement and hence coincides with the ideas developed by the Secretary of State".
		The Japanese Government replied that it expressed concurrence with the principles contained in the statement by Secretary Hull; that it believed that the objectives of those principles would only be attained, in their application to the Far Eastern situation, by a full recognition and practical consideration of the actual particular circumstances of that region.
		This Government immediately sent a note to the Japanese Government stating that the United States vessels involved were on the Yangtze River "by uncontested and incontestable right", that they were flying the American flag, and that they were engaged in legitimate and appropriate business.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/WorldWar2/china.htm (1689 words)

	Japanese kanji
		Japanese children are expected to know all of the jōyō kanji by the end of high school but to read specialist publications and ordinary literature, they need to know another two or three thousand kanji.
		Today about half the vocabulary of Japanese comes from Chinese and Japanese kanji are use to represent both Sino-Japanese words and native Japanese words with the same meaning.
		The former is known as the kun yomi (Japanese reading) of the character while the latter is known as the on yomi (Chinese reading) of the character.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/japanese_kanji.htm (491 words)

	Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary Of State and the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), 29 September ...
		The Ambassador said with an apparent touch of embarrassment that he was very well aware of the attitude of this Government and had made this Government's position very clear to his own Government, and that notwithstanding this his Government had instructed him to press for an answer on the Japanese Government's proposal.
		The Japanese Government seeks such adjustment not solely for the sake of the two countries but also for the purpose of paving the way for a general peaceful settlement throughout the world.
		This fact alone should be a sufficient testimony to the sincerity of the Japanese Government in its desire for an adjustment of Japanese-American relations and for the preservation of peace in the Pacific.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/WorldWar2/nomura8.htm (1423 words)

	Revitalizing the Japanese Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The rate was further dragged down because both the government and the corporate sector failed to adapt the institutions that had contributed to the economy's past success to a new environment characterized by globalization, aging population, and the transition to a post-industrial society.
		Japanese corporations are undergoing a restructuring process that involves not only downsizing but also drastically changing their traditional business practices.
		In the past, the government's employment policy was designed to maintain workers at their present jobs, but the emphasis has shifted to promoting the transfer of human resources to new growth areas.
	www.brook.edu /fp/cnaps/papers/2000_kwan_japan.htm (5060 words)

	Remedies to Restore Childrens Rights in Japan
		The Japanese Ministry of Justice should issue guidelines instructing judges to conform to appropriate anti-discrimination laws and treaties, such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and Article 14 of the Japanese Constitution.
		We call on the Japanese government to change existing laws or enact new laws that require notification of the other natural parent before an adoption or change of custody of their child occurs.
		We call on the Japanese government to immediately implement a program to permit regular, direct contacts between children and their left-behind non-custodial parents in a positive, humane, and expeditious manner by means of a Safe Haven Center.
	www.crnjapan.com /en/remedies.html (1397 words)

	Japanese Studies - Activities - Foreign Languages - WVU
		The club is open to all students who are taking japanese courses and are interested in learning more about the Japanese language, culture, and customs.
		Japanese Tables-Providing an opportunity for students and native Japanese speakers to meet in an informal atmosphere and communicate in the Japanese language.
		Sponsored by the Japanese Government, the JET program invites over 1000 American college graduates and young professionals to share their language and culture with Japanese youth.
	www.as.wvu.edu /forlang/japanese/html/activities.htm (277 words)

	Total Quality Japanese: The Romaji Conundrum
		Unfortunately, by forcing non-native speakers of Japanese with no intentions of learning the language to abide by a system intended for those who have some command of Japanese, the government gave the impression of intolerant language management which would have dire consequences later on.
		This was in spite of the fact that the Japanese language textbooks of American linguist, Eleanor Jorden, which were used throughout the 1960's in courses taught to US diplomats, relied on a modified version of the Kunrei system.
		Manufacturers of Japanese word processors, needing certain extra features to popularize the use of their products, decided to make it possible even for the most inept consumers to be able to write in Japanese.
	www.cic.sfu.ca /tqj/JapaneseStudy/romaji.html (1162 words)

	How to Marry a Japanese Citizen
		The Japanese government requires foreigners who wish to marry in Japan to obtain a Certificate of Competency to Marry (Konin Yoken Gubi Shomeisho 婚姻要件具備証明書) from your Embassy or Consulate, affirming they are legally free to marry in their country.
		If your partner is a Japanese citizen, then the facts of a marriage or divorce in Japan are also recorded on their Family Registration (koseki).
		According to Japanese law, this is to avoid confusion as to the identification of a child's father if a birth occurs close in time to the end of the marriage.
	www.crnjapan.com /japan_law/en/marriage.html (1212 words)

	Immigration...Japanese: Introduction
		Japanese immigrants began their journey to the United States in search of peace and prosperity, leaving an unstable homeland for a life of hard work and the chance to provide a better future for their children.
		As Japanese wages plummeted, and word of a booming U.S. economy spread, the lure of the United States became difficult to resist.
		The Japanese government showed significant interest in the process, often selecting emigrants from a pool of applicants, favoring ambitious young men with good connections.
	memory.loc.gov /learn/features/immig/japanese.html (774 words)

	Chp 7: Evaluating the Impact of Japanese Government Programs
		The total amount and terms of government aid may be less important than that such aid is given at all, as it may signal Japan's financial system that optoelectronics is a particularly promising area worthy of support.
		The Japanese banking system, now forced to compete with many other financial institutions both at home and abroad and burdened with a staggering overhang of loans gone bad, is no longer in a position to dictate the future of the optoelectronics industry.
		Japanese government-sponsored consortia were once viewed as crucial instruments of government policy, breaking down barriers to the inter-firm transfer of information created by Japanese permanent employment practices, even while internalizing the benefits of company-conducted basic research.
	www.wtec.org /loyola/opto/c7_s6.htm (1256 words)

	Japanese language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Early Japanese is known largely on the basis of its state in the 8th century, when the three major works of Old Japanese were compiled, but smaller amounts of material, primarily inscriptional, is of earlier date.
		The earliest attestation of Japanese is in a Chinese document from 252 C.E. The Japanese language is written with a combination of three different types of glyphs: Chinese characters, kanji, and two syllabic scripts, hiragana and katakana.
		The r of the Japanese language (technically a lateral apical postalveolar flap), is of particular interest, sounding to most Europeans' ears to be something between an l and a retroflex r depending on its position in a word.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_language (5426 words)

	Government of Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Japanese courts do not use a system, and there are no administrative courts or claims courts.
		The term "30 percent autonomy" is frequently used to describe local government because that amount of revenues is derived from local taxation.
		People have a strong sense of local community, are highly suspicious of the central government, and wish to preserve the uniqueness of their prefecture, city, or town.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_government (1083 words)

	Government-sponsored
		Applicants must be enrolled as undergraduate students in faculties or schools which major in Japanese language or Japanese culture in a university outside Japan at the time when they come to Japan and must be enrolled in the home institution at the time when they return to their home countries.
		Students majoring in the fields other than Japanese language or Japanese culture who wish to study various aspects of Japan(engineering, economy, agriculture, architecture, art, etc.)as part of their major studies should apply to the JASSO for admission to the Short-term Student Exchange Promotion Program.
		In this type of scholarship, scholarship recipients are recruited and initially screened by an Japanese embassy (or consulate general, depending on the country).
	www.studyjapan.go.jp /en/toj/toj0302e.html (1032 words)

	Modern China: The Japanese Occupation
		The Nanking government, for its part, had formed the United Front, a coalition of various parties and armies, in an effort to defend China from Japanese aggression.
		Under the peace of Wang Ching-wei, the Nationalist government would be dismantled in favor of a new Chinese government committed to friendship with Japan, a mutual defense agreement directed against communism and the Soviets, economic cooperation, and the recognition of Manchukuo as a legitimate state.
		On August 10, the Japanese government agreed in principle to the Potsdam Declaration.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/MODCHINA/OCCUP.HTM (1392 words)

	Japanese history: Militarism and World War II
		Arrogance and racial discrimination towards the Japanese had plagued Japanese-Western relations since the forced opening of the country in the 1800s, and were again a major factor for the deterioration of relations in the decades preceeding World War 2.
		The Japanese forces succeeded in occupying almost the whole coast of China and committed severe war atrocities on the Chinese population, especially during the fall of the capital Nanking.
		However, the Chinese government never surrendered completely, and the war continued on a lower scale until 1945.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2129.html (669 words)

	[No title]
		In order to provide fresh momentum to the economic recovery and to promote the necessary reforms in the nation's socioeconomic structure, the government formulated the "Policy Measures for Economic Rebirth" on November 11th in 1999 and is now focusing its energies on implementing these measures forward.
		The Japanese government needed to stimulate those areas of the Japanese economy that have the highest "value added" or the greatest percentage of relatively advanced technology as inputs and outputs.
		But no less important than doing a better job of targeting fiscal stimulus, the Japanese government needs to improve the lives of the Japanese citizens, to restore their confidence in the future, and by this approach to encourage more consumer spending and portfolio investments in Japanese equities.
	www.lycos.com /info/japanese-economy--government.html?page=2 (335 words)

	Japanese Government Information: New Rules for Access
		The original government bill would have required that all disclosure-related litigation be filed in Tokyo District Court, potentially imposing a significant burden on requesters residing far from Tokyo.
		Most Japanese agencies have not set aside any particular part of their budgets to fund information disclosure, and there are no estimates of the costs that the new system will incur.
		Because the government does not ordinarily collect information regarding the types of users and the purposes behind requests, in the future it may be very difficult to determine accurately whether or not commercial requests are at a sufficient volume that they such requesters should bear a greater portion of the costs of disclosure.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/nsa/foia/japanfoia.html (6811 words)

	Japanese Government - Anime Academy Lounge
		I was thinking, and I realized that for all I know about Japanese culture, I know almost jack squat about the Japanese government.
		The Japanese government is a parliamentary democracy; the Emperor of Japan is a constitutional monarch and holds no specific powers relating to government.
		One thing I DID like about local governments: candidates ride around in vans painted with their name and shout out slogans and ask for support from a loudspeaker.
	www.animeacademy.com /forums/showthread.php?t=12444 (564 words)

	OECD Secretary-General Johnston backs Japanese Government’s Reform Programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The government's latest proposals are along the same lines as many of the OECD's recommendations, he said.
		In broad terms, the OECD has argued that structural reforms are necessary for a stable and lasting recovery, in conjunction with appropriate monetary and fiscal policy and a rapid resolution of the crisis affecting Japan's financial system.
		I have assured the Prime Minister that the OECD Secretariat is an instrument at his disposal to provide whatever assistance he deems appropriate as the reform programme moves forward", Mr.
	www.oecd.org /document/63/0,2340,en_2649_34569_2017023_1_1_1_1,00.html (401 words)

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