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	Japanese history « Around Japan
		The earliest surviving records of Japanese history, aside from Chinese accounts, are contained in two semimythical chronicles, the Koji-ki and the Nihon shoki (or Nihongi), the former compiled in ad 712 and the latter in ad 720.
		This less aggressive attitude on the part of the Japanese was due partly to a surge of political liberalism stimulated by the victory of the democratic nations in World War I. Beginning in 1919 the Japanese government was assailed with increasing demands for universal suffrage, an issue that occasioned rioting in the cities.
		In the north the Japanese Manchurian army occupied and annexed the province of Chengde and threatened to occupy the cities of Beijing and Tianjin.
	aroundjapan.wordpress.com /2006/06/07/japanese-history (8197 words)

	e. Japanese Historical Mythology. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		However, Japanese mythology commences with a creation myth in which the brother-sister pair of deities, Izanagi and Izanami, descend to Earth, create the islands of Japan, and give birth to subsequent gods with various powers.
		With the emerging strength of Silla, Japanese clout on the Korean Peninsula was on the wane.
		Imperial lands were gradually extended, and imperial authority grew apace, eventually leading to a thorough political and economic reorganization of Japan on the China model.
	www.bartleby.com /67/167.html (1152 words)

	Imperial Regalia of Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A representation of the Imperial Regalia of Japan.
		According to legend, these artifacts were brought by Ninigi-no-Mikoto, legendary ancestor of the Japanese imperial line, when his grandmother, the Sun Goddess Amaterasu, sent him to pacify Japan.
		During the Northern and Southern dynasties period in the 14th century, the possession by the Southern Dynasty of the imperial regalia has led modern chroniclers to define that as the legitimate dynasty for purposes of reign names and genealogy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_imperial_regalia (649 words)

	Shogunate of Japan
		All Japanese believe this implicitly and while foreigners may doubt both the divinity and longevity of the imperial line, it is a fact that all immediate members of the imperial family are always sorcerers of varying degree and the imperial regalia are of great antiquity and power.
		The class encompasses the nobility of Japan, the officer class of the imperial army, the imperial bureaucracy and the bulk of the military forces of the daimyo.
		The imperial navy is strictly a coastal defence organisation.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /rumtigger2/Nations/japan.htm (2702 words)

	Kurotokage: Imperial Regalia
		The three Imperial Regalia are one of the oldest stories of Japan: they are a myth, a legend and a reality at once.
		The regalia are closely tied to the Japanese Shinto belief in kami.
		Replicas of the Imperial Regalia were made at the command of the Emperor Sujin (97 to 30 BC, according to Japanese chronicles), and henceforth functioned in the same way as the real items.
	www.kurotokage.org /Kurotokage/Regalia.html (1897 words)

	Amaterasu
		Kojiki[?], earliest Japanese sacred chronicle, recounts ancient tale, which is a version of a Missing Sun myth[?]: When her unruly brother, storm god Susanowo, ravaged the earth and ruined his sister’s rice fields, garden and temples, Amaterasu was so embarrassed that she retreated to a cave.
		Amaterasu is also credited to creating a cultivation of rice and wheat, use of silkworms and weaving with a loom.
		Until the end of World War II, the Japanese royal family claimed descent from Amaterasu, and the emperor was officially considered divine.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/am/Amaterasu.html (307 words)

	Japanese Culture - Royalty - The Imperial Family
		The Japanese Imperial family is the oldest hereditary monarchy in the world.
		The regalia, a mirror, a sword and a curved jewel are symbols of the legitimacy and authority of the emperor.
		The Imperial Household Agency is the official office of the Imperial family.
	www.japan-zone.com /culture/imperial.shtml (1073 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		They are a collection of imperial and royal regalia and jewels dating from the 10th century to the 19th.
		Luckily the imperial crown was spared the fate of many other crowns and not broken up after the death of the emperor in 1612.
		The Imperial Regalia are the insignia of the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Austrian_Crown_Jewels_.html (2134 words)

	Japanese Emperor
		Despite the fact that the effective power of the emperors was limited or purely symbolic throughout most of Japan's history, all actual rulers, from the Fujiwara and Hojo regents to the Minamoto, Ashikaga and Tokugawa shoguns respected the emperor and were keen in having the imperial legitimization for their position as rulers of Japan.
		With the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown, and Emperor Meiji became the head of state.
		The imperial family resides in the Imperial Palace in Tokyo.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2135.html (257 words)

	Japanese swords (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		But the Japanese sword possesses a further property which is immediately evident even to those who know nothing of its history, and even to those who have no love for weapons.
		The Japanese regard the beauty of the sword as close to that of sumie (ink painting) and calligraphy, widely felt to be the highest forms of art.
		The line of the brush stroke and the variations in the texture of the ink are reminiscent of the shape of the curved sword blade and the subtle lights and shadows on its surface.
	www.twilightforest.net /nihonto/blades.php (532 words)

	Photo Dictionary of Japanese Shintoism, Guide to Shinto Deities (Kami), Shrines, and Religious Concepts
		This principle was extended to assert that the native Japanese deities are equivalent to the Buddhist deities; for example, Amaterasu Omikami is viewed as equivalent to Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana).
		According to Japanese mythology, the goddess of the sun and the ruler of heaven is named Amaterasu, and she is believed to be the legendary ancestor of the current Imperial Family.
		Most Shinto shrines house sacred objects such as mirrors (the symbol of the Sun Goddess), swords and jewels (those three objects are the imperial regalia) on the altar where the gods are believed to reside, and the objects serve as spirit-substitutes for the gods.
	www.onmarkproductions.com /html/shinto.shtml (4424 words)

	Kurotokage: Imperial Line
		The Japanese imperial line is said to have the longest continued lineage of any royal bloodline in the world, tracing its history back to at least AD 600, and according to legend for a considerable time before that.
		They spent the majority of their time in the Imperial City, Kyoto, and largely ignored the rest of the country except as a means of providing them with tax monies.
		The ancient Japanese belief was that a person was inhabited by multiple spirits, such as a "gentle spirit, a rough spirit, a luck spirit and a wondrous spirit." These spirits might wander from the body and thus be separated from the body in time of crisis.
	www.kurotokage.org /Kurotokage/ImperialLine.html (2483 words)

	JapanCorner News
		The sword, along with a mirror and a jewel are the most sacred objects in Shinto (the native religion of Japan) and the Imperial Regalia of the Japanese Emperor.
		According to the Japanese creation myth, the Sun Goddess Amaterasu was lured from her place of hiding by a mirror.
		There are very few Japanese families who are in possession of the swords or armor of their ancestors.
	www.japancorner.com /news/samurai_sword.asp (444 words)

	Japanese mythology (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-3.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Despite the influence of the ancient Chinese civilization, much of Japanese mythology is uniquely their own.
		One notable result of Japanese mythology is that it explains the origin of the Imperial family, and assigned them godhood until the end of World War II.
		The Japanese anime Blue Seed is a follow-up to this legend, while the fighting game series King of Fighters also dealt with the Orochi deity.
	japanese-mythology.kiwiki.homeip.net.cob-web.org:8888 (2887 words)

	Why Did the Japanese Delay Surrendering?
		With defeat imminent, Japan's leaders feared that without the imperial house, the state and their own power would be devalued and diminished in the eyes of the people, and that the state would ultimately disintegrate.
		But for all who participated in the last imperial conferences that produced the surrender decision, kokutai meant a sovereign, politically empowered monarchy based on the orthodox State Shinto view of the state, in which the people existed to assist the imperial destiny.
		The surrender rescript was the very first Japanese government attempt to simultaneously reaffirm wartime categories of thought, redefine Hirohito's national image as a pacifist and antimilitarist, and lay the basis for the later argument that the entire nation should repent.
	hnn.us /articles/12947.html (2181 words)

	Rite of Passage Structure in the Japanese Accession Ceremonies
		The purpose of this paper is to examine the structures available in the Japanese Imperial accession ceremonies in the light of this structure.
		The Regalia then are borne out of the room through a door on the opposite side of the room from where they entered and the Emperor then exits.
		This rehearses the Divine Imperial Mandate, a myth of sacred waters and the charge to perform the Daijo-sai, with praises to the Emperor and a request for His blessing by the Kami.
	www.hermetic.com /webster/pass-struc.html (5780 words)

	Mochitsuki- A Japanese Custom
		For the Japanese New Year, the mochi is shaped like the rounded disk of the traditional Japanese mirror, kagami, hence the stacked rice cakes are called "kagami mochi".
		The mirror has been with the sword and the jewel, one of the three Japanese Imperial Regalia.
		The Shinto Goddess, Amaterasu o mikami as mentioned in the Kojiki, the oldest extant Japanese book, is closely associated with swords and many Japanese consider her a Sword Goddess or Sword Kami.
	home.att.net /~guyurata/Text/Mochitsuki.html (523 words)

	Yamato Glossary/Characters, Monomyth Website, ORIAS, UC Berkeley
		Amaterasu presented her grandson with three treasures that came to be known as the imperial regalia, symbols of imperial authority and legitimacy: a string of precious jewels, a sword, and a mirror.
		This sword becomes one of the imperial regalia and is the same sword Yamatohime, the Ise Priestess (see Ise Shrine), gives to her nephew Yamato Takeru before he sets out to subdue the eastern clans.
		One of the reasons it became necessary to transcribe Japanese (versus merely translating into written Chinese) was for the purpose of preserving the oral nature of many of the early songs and myths.
	ias.berkeley.edu /orias/hero/yamato/characters_yamato.html (6437 words)

	Emperor of Japan (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-3.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		His Majesty The Emperor Akihito of Japan The Emperor of Japan (&22825;&30343; tenn&333;) is Japan's titular head of state and the head of the Japanese Imperial Family.
		Those two books state that the imperial house kept the a continuous lineage, but today some historians doubt the possibility some ancient emperors who were stated as a descendant of Erperor Ojin had no actual geneologic tie to their predecessor.
		In Japanese, the emperors of Japan, but not of other countries, are known as tenn&333; (&22825;&30343;), which literally means "heavenly emperor/godking".
	emperor-of-japan.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (1826 words)

	Harvard Gazette: History of the Japanese at Harvard
		Henry's son, Charles Longfellow, immersed himself in the Japanese culture, wore samurai attire, and returned with half a boatload of Japanese artifacts and a tattoo of a carp on his back.
		One of the first Japanese undergraduates, Kikkawa Chokichi, Class of 1883, graduated 47th in a class of 211 and was secretary of the Signet Society.
		The number of Japanese students at Harvard began to taper off in the 1920s and bottomed out in the 1930s as American sympathy turned against Japan in response to its incursions into China.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/2004/02.26/11-japan.html (1268 words)

	Japanese imperial regalia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-3.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Japanese imperial regalia (Jp: &19977;&31278;&12398;&31070;&22120;; "Sanshu no Jingi", or "Three Sacred Treasures") consist of the sword, Kusanagi (&33609;&34201;&21091;) (or possibly a replica of the original; see Kusanagi), the jewel, Yasakani no magatama (&20843;&23610;&29898;&26354;&29577;), and the mirror Yata no kagami (&20843;&21675;&37857;).
		The regalia represent the Three primary virtues: valor (the sword), wisdom (the mirror), and benevolence (the jewel).
		According to legend, these artifacts were brought by Ninigi no Mikoto, legendary ancestor of the Japanese imperial line, when his grandmother, the Sun Goddess Amaterasu, sent him to pacify Japan.
	japanese-imperial-regalia.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (326 words)

	>Name Goes Here<
		It is one of the three objects of the Japanese imperial regalia, along with the mirror and the jewel.
		According to Japanese mythology, a sacred sword found in the tail of a dragon was brought down from heaven with the ancient gods to begin the imperial line of Japan.
		The changes in shape and manufacture of Japanese blades reflect the periods in which they were produced, and in many cases, it was the sword that wrote Japanese history.
	www.to-ken.com /membersarea/Press.htm (779 words)

	[No title]
		A72 Pearl in the Shrine: A Genealogy of the Buddhist Jewel of the Japanese Sovereign
		This paper examines the question of the relationship between the Japanese imperial regalia -- the so-called mirror, sword, and jewel -- and Buddhism by analyzing representation of the jewel in the medieval era.
		In this way, I suggest that the developed notion of the imperial jewel was Buddhist in character, and that modern claims that the regalia are purely products of a native Shinto erase a tradition of Buddha-kami amalgamation (shinbutsu shugo) which had an indispensable role in the production of imperial charisma.
	www.h-net.org /~buddhism/aar-bs/1999/abstractsA072.htm (604 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of Japan - Japanese Royalty
		A chronicle of the Japanese court during the Kamakura period (1185-1333), written by an anonymous court noble in the 14th century.
		Japanese Historians and the National Myths, 1600-1945: The Age of the Gods and Emperor Jimmu by John S. Brownlee.
		The Japanese Enthronement Ceremonies: With an Account of the Imperial Regalia by Daniel Clarence Holtom.
	www.royalty.nu /Asia/Japan (2108 words)

	Today in History: June 21
		Having recovered the South Pacific islands from Japanese control, the United States was ready next to launch an onslaught on the Japanese mainland.
		In rapid succession the Japanese military forces with their superior force, occupied the Philippines, the Netherlands Indies, Malaya, Singapore, and invaded Burma and Thailand.
		However, more than 75,000 Japanese troops were on the island under the command of Lieutenant General Ushijima Mitsuru, who withdrew his soldiers to the southern section of the island.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/jun21.html (1972 words)

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