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Topic: Japanese numerals

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Japanese numbers

Number

Chinese numerals

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Indian numerals

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2 (number)

1 (number)

Greek numerals

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Egyptian numerals

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	Japanese numerals Information
		The Japanese numerals in writing are entirely based on the Chinese numerals and the grouping of large numbers follow the Chinese tradition of grouping by 10000.
		Two sets of pronunciations for the numerals exist in Japanese, one is based on Sino-Japanese (on'yomi) readings of the Chinese characters and the other is based on the Japanese kun'yomi readings.
		The numbers 4 and 9 are considered unlucky in Japanese: 4, pronounced shi, is a homophone for "death"; 9, when pronounced ku, is a homophone for "suffering." The number 13 is sometimes considered unlucky, though this is a carryover from Western tradition.
	www.bookrags.com /Japanese_numerals (792 words)

	Japanese numerals
		Note that, in Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten, unlike Chinese, which requires the use of 零 wherever a zero appears, e.g.
		Japanese also has numerals for decimal fractions, though they are no longer in general use except for batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases (such as 五分五分の勝負 "fifty-fifty chance"), and when representing a rate or discount.
		Finally, Japanese has a separate set of kanji for numerals in legal documents, to prevent an unscrupulous person from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/j/ja/japanese_numerals.html (432 words)

	Japanese numerals
		Note that, in Japanese as well as English, the word for "zero" is not used in the name of any integer greater than zero.
		Since Japanese language was heavily influenced by Chinese, Japanese numerals for small numbers are identical to Chinese numerals except the difference in pronunciations.
		For large numbers, the numerals are often different, because of different number syntax.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ja/Japanese_numerals.html (162 words)

	Arabic numerals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Arabic numerals are, by far, the most common form of symbolism used to represent numbers.
		In a more developed form, the Arabic numeral system also uses a decimal marker (at first a mark over the ones digit but now more usually a decimal point or a decimal comma which separates the ones place from the tenths place), and also a symbol for “these digits repeat ad infinitum” (recur).
		The Arabic numeral system is considered one of the most significant developments in mathematics, ergo, theories have been advanced about its origin.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/a/ar/arabic_numerals.html (728 words)

	Encyclopedia: Chinese numerals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Babylonian numerals were written in cuneiform, using a wedge-tipped reed stylus to make a mark on a soft clay tablet which would be exposed in the sun to harden to create a permanent record.
		Khmer numerals are the numerals used in the Khmer language of Cambodia.
		Rod numerals are closely related to the counting rods and the abacus, which is why the numeric symbols for 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 in "Hua1 Ma3" system are represented in a similar way as on the abacus.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Chinese-numerals (4183 words)

	Translation of Numerals Between English and Chinese
		Numerals express precise quantities and are supposed to be precise in nature, as we Chinese often express absolute certainty by saying “ One is one and two is two.” However, in their actual use in discourse, they are often associated with the feature of fuzziness.*(Fuzziness means the quality of being indistinct, blurry or foggy.
		The numerals remain the same in the translated version though the images have become different, which is termed cultural substitution in the translation circles.
		Japanese language was heavily influenced by Chinese, so Japanese numerals for small numbers are identical to Chinese numerals except the difference in pronunciations.
	www.translationdirectory.com /article59.htm (2292 words)

	Roman numerals - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The lack of a character to represent zero prevented Roman numerals from developing into a positional notation, and led to their gradual replacement by Arabic numerals in the early second millennium.
		Roman numerals remained in common use until about the 14th century, when they were replaced by Arabic numerals (thought to have been introduced to Europe from al-Andalus, by way of Arab traders and arithmetic treatises, around the 11th century).
		The use of Roman numerals today is mostly restricted to ordinal numbers, such as volumes or chapters in a book or the numbers identifying monarchs (e.g.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Roman_numerals (1798 words)

	Markings on Japanese Arisaka Rifles and Bayonets of World War II
		A chrysanthemum with 16 petals (the symbol of the Japanese Emperor) was usually stamped on the receiver of rifles manufactured for the Imperial Japanese Army, indicating that the rifle belonged to the Emperor.
		The shiki character and the characters for the Japanese numerals are shown in the following table.
		Each Japanese rifle was marked with the symbol of either the arsenal of manufacture or the arsenal that supervised the manufacturing subcontractor.
	www.radix.net /~bbrown/japanese_markings.html (1280 words)

	ABCs of Knitting - Japanese Patterns
		If you have an interest in Japanese knitting, you might be frustrated by the lack of information on it in English.
		Japanese needle sizes are different from another countries.
		Japanese mainly knit wool yarn in the cold seasons.
	www.tata-tatao.to /knit/japanese/e-index.html (263 words)

	Japanese numerals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Note that, in Japanese as well as English, the word for "zero" is not used in the name of any integer greater than zero; unlike Chinese, which requires the use of 零 wherever there is a group of zeroes, e.g.
		Japanese also has numerals for decimal fractions, though they are no longer in general use except for hitting averages of baseball players, in some idiomatic phrases (such as 五分五分の勝負 "fifty-fifty chance"), and when representing a rate or discount.
		In modern usage, decimal fractions are written in Arabic numerals and read as successive digits, as in Western convention.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/japanese_numerals (357 words)

	Japanese numerals - Definition, explanation
		* In modern Japanese, yaoyorozu means something more like "myriad", and is mainly found in set phrases.
		The numbers 4 and 9 are considered unlucky in Japanese: 4, pronounced shi, is a homophone for "death"; 9, when pronounced ku, is a homophone for "suffering." The number 13 is also considered unlucky, though this is a carryover from Western tradition.
		Basic sentences and numerals in Ainu, with corresponding downloadable sound files and English equivalents.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/j/ja/japanese_numerals.php (552 words)

	Translation of Numerals Between English and Chinese
		Numerals express precise quantities and are supposed to be precise in nature, as we Chinese often express absolute certainty by saying “ One is one and two is two.” However, in their actual use in discourse, they are often associated with the feature of fuzziness.*(Fuzziness means the quality of being indistinct, blurry or foggy.
		The numerals remain the same in the translated version though the images have become different, which is termed cultural substitution in the translation circles.
		Japanese language was heavily influenced by Chinese, so Japanese numerals for small numbers are identical to Chinese numerals except the difference in pronunciations.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /articles/translation-numeral-english-chinese.shtml (2317 words)

	About JSL
		Japanese Sign Language (JSL) is a family of complex visual-spatial languages used by Deaf communities in Japan.
		Japanese Sign Language is distinct from spoken/written Japanese in both grammar and lexicon, although many Deaf signers will use Manually Coded Japanese / Pidgin Signed Japanese when signing to hearing or non-native JSL signers.
		However, many older deaf do not know the fingerspelling forms or numerals and most Deaf born before the end of World War II (1948) did not attend school since it was only after the war that compulsory education for the Deaf was instituted.
	www.deaflibrary.org /jsl.html (1000 words)

	Numerals - SE Asian Readings of Characters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In the FuZhou dialect, all -t and -p endings have gone to -k, (1, 7, 8, 10), a velar plosive, which demonstrates the gradual movement of the occlusive ending from being articulated at the lips (bilabial -p) to the teeth ridge (alveolar -t) and backwards to the palate (velar -k), an observation made by others.
		Japanese is not a tonal language in the same sense as Chinese is, so tones have no real meaning when applied to classes of characters.
		Like Japanese, it is not a tonal language in the sense that Chinese is. Some striking similarities in the pronunciations of the characters between Korea and Southern Chinese dialects occur, even though the geographical distance of some 2000km (1200miles).
	www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk /sapienti/cjkvnum.htm (5340 words)

	Japanese counter word - SmartyBrain Encyclopedia and Dictionary
		In Japanese counter words or counters (josūshi 助数詞) are used along with numbers to enumerate objects.
		In Japanese, as in Chinese, numerals cannot quantify nouns by themselves (except, in certain cases, for the numbers from one to ten; see below).
		These traditional numerals cannot be used to count all nouns, however; some, including people and animals, require the proper counter.
	smartybrain.com /index.php/Japanese_counter_word (540 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Today, although all Japanese learn to write calligraphy with a brush in elementary school, most everyday writing is done using pens and pencils.
		Japanese people often celebrate the “firsts” of a new year, for example the first meal, the first visit to a shrine, or the first trade in the stock market.
		In addition, even among Japanese people today, calligraphy is considered an attainment of every cultured person and a person’s writing is considered a reflection of his or her character.
	www.intleducenter.umd.edu /japan/marjis/resourcecenter/writing.html (4168 words)

	Japanese numerals -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The system of Japanese numerals is the system of (Click link for more info and facts about number names) number names used in the (Click link for more info and facts about Japanese language) Japanese language.
		(The cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number) 2
		The numbers 4 and 9 are considered unlucky in Japanese: 4, pronounced shi, is a homophone for "death"; 9, when pronounced ku, is a homophone for "suffering."
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/ja/japanese_numerals.htm (630 words)

	North Kyushu Creole - Kyushu and Okinawa Studies - A Forum for Research on Japan's Southern Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Japanese can be considered as an isolate only in the limited sense that (1) its linguistic description does not fit neatly into an existing classification system, and (2) we lack very early records of language use.
		Murayama (1974) pointed out the large number of similarities between the morphology of Japanese and Oceanic languages and in a seminal study (1975) succeeded in explaining the etymologies of the entire Japanese numeral system (1-1,000) by means of Proto-Austronesian morphemes.
		This notion of Japanese as a mixed language (Japanisch als eine Mischsprache) matches, of course, the possibility that the sociolinguistic conditions were such, at a certain point in time in the Japanese islands, that a mixed language could have emerged from two or more languages (Murayama favours a two-language mixture).
	kostudies.com /home/content/articles/11 (8997 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Arabic numeral system is considered one of the most significant developments in mathematics.
		Most historians agree that it was first conceived of in India (particularly as Arabs themselves call the numerals they use “Indian numerals”, أرقام هندية, arqam hindiyyah), and was then transmitted to the Islamic world and thence, via North Africa and Spain, to Europe.
		Muslim mathematicians working in what is now Iraq, such as Al-Khwarizmi, were already familiar with the Babylonian numeral system, which used the zero digit between nonzero digits (although not after nonzero digits), so the more general system would not have been a difficult step.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Arabic_numerals (763 words)

	Roman numeral
		Roman numerals remained in common use until about the 14th century, when they were replaced by Arabic numerals (thought to have been introduced to Europe by Arab traders around the 11th century).
		The BBC uses them to denote the year in which a television program was made (the ABC has largely stopped this practice but still occasionally lapses).
		Due to the use of alphabetic symbols in Roman numerals, the Roman system could also be used to write chronograms, sentences or inscriptions in which the capital letters stand for a particular date.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/r/ro/roman_numeral.html (1006 words)

	[Ping] Japanese text encoding
		There are a number of Japanese character set standards, all of which are identified by a code starting with "JIS", which stands for "Japanese Industrial Standard".
		It includes 6879 characters, among which are the hiragana and katakana syllabaries, 6355 kanji, the Roman, Greek, and Cyrillic alphabets, the numerals, and a number of typographic symbols.
		The characters are arranged in a 95-by-95 grid, which usually becomes a row number from 33 to 126 and a column number from 33 to 126.
	lfw.org /text/jp.html (978 words)

	Arabic_numerals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		What are known in English as "Arabic numerals" were neither invented nor widely used by the Arabs.
		However, because it was Arabs who transmitted this system to the West after the Hindu numerical system found its way to Persia, the numeral system became known as "Arabic".
		This book, which the Indianian scholar presented from, was likely Brahmasphutasiddhanta (The Opening of the Universe) which was written in 628 CE by the Indian mathematician Brahmagupta and had used the Hindi Numerals with the zero sign.
	www.tuxedo-shop.com /search.php?title=Arabic_numerals (937 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Influenced by Confucianism, Japanese people tend to be polite, loyal, and diligent, and to have deep respect for their elders.
		In the Japanese system, all we need to know to count from one to one hundred are the numerals from one up to ten and a simple rule.
		Regardless of the level of understanding of each student, Japanese students of the same age are exposed to the same level of mathematics.
	www.nctm.org /dialogues/2001-11/20011103_print.htm (946 words)

	Japanese numerals - system of number names used in the Japanese language
		Japanese numerals - system of number names used in the Japanese language
		As you can see, 4 and 7 do not use their On readings, this is superstitous - 死 (death) is pronounced shi.
		Note that, in Japanese as well as English, the word for "zero" is not used in the name of any integer greater than zero; unlike Chinese, which requires the use of 零 wherever there is a group of zeroes, i.e.
	www.japan-101.com /language/japanese_numerals.htm (301 words)

	Stanford Jujitsu - Japanese Glossary
		Some experts in Japanese medieval history differentiate between bushi and samurai, considering the latter to be a subset of the former.
		Further, even if there was, those who heard Japanese usually had no understanding of the Japanese language and were not aware of any standard and simply tried to transliterate what they heard the best they could.
		Thus, many modern Japanese jujitsu clubs which were established in the West in the 20th century, like the Stanford Jujitsu Club, have inherited a name for their art that is technically incorrect.
	www.stanford.edu /group/jujitsu/Curriculum/glossary.html (1616 words)

	Cyprus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Japanese import plate, front plate in fl on white.
		Japanese import plate, rear plate in fl on yellow.
		The registration consists of three serial numerals, followed by the letter V and two numbers.
	www.licenseplatemania.com /landenpaginas/cyprus.htm (185 words)

	Rivchun Wind-Up Watch w/ Japanese Numerals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Shipping outside United States: Quoted at time of purchase
		Description: This vintage gold plated manual wind watch features fl Japanese numerals and gold hour and minute hands with an inset second hand.
		Marked on the front "A. Rivchun." Equipped with a 17 jewel movement and a fl cloth band, this watch is marked on the back "Fond Acier Noxydable" above the number "391." Watch is in good working condition but there is a 1/32" crack at the rim of the crystal between the 6 and 7 positions.
	www.goantiques.com /detail,rivchun-wind-watch,839493.html?source=BBA1518 (152 words)

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