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Topic: Japhetic theory (linguistics)

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Japheth

Sons of Noah

	Japhetic theory: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries.
		Japhetic theory is a term used to describe a linguistic theory developed by the Soviet linguist Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr (1864–1934).
		In linguistics it is considered to be the equivalent of Lysenkoism in biology: a theory that was promoted and supported for ideological rather than scientific reasons, because it was thought to represent "proletarian science" as opposed to "bourgeois science."
		Marr adopted the term "Japhetic", from Japheth, the name of one of the sons of Noah, in order to characterise his theory that the Kartvelian languages of the Caucasus area were related to the Semitic languages of the Middle East (named after Shem, Japheth's brother).
	www.chemie.de /lexikon/e/Japhetic_theory_(linguistics) (400 words)

	Japhetic - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Japhetic is a term that refers to the supposed descendants of Japheth, one of the three sons of Noah in the Bible.
		The term Japhetic was also applied by William Jones, Rasmus C. Rask and other pre-Darwinian linguists to what later became known as the Indo-European language group, on the assumption that the principal languages of Europe would have originated with the tribe of Japheth.
		In a conflicting sense, it was also used by the Soviet linguist Nikolai Marr in his Japhetic theory, which was intended to demonstrate that the languages of the Caucasus formed part of a once-widespread pre-Indo-European language group.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Japhetic (0 words)

	Three Views of Language and Citizenship
		Marr introduced into linguistics the incorrect, non-Marxist formula that language is a superstructure, and got himself into a muddle and put linguistics into a muddle.
		Soviet linguistics cannot be advanced on the basis of an incorrect formula.” (Stalin 1950:196-9, 203, 229).
		Marr was the son of a Georgian mother and a Scottish father who died when he was very young; he was thus raised within Georgian linguistic culture, and developed ideas that were strongly influenced by it; this seems to have appealed to Stalin as well, which explains why the latter espoused this rather outrageous theory.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/540/handouts/ussr/marrist.htm (0 words)

	Aryan - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		In linguistics, the term Aryan currently refers only to the Indo-Iranian language sub-family; or occasionally, as a matter of short-hand usage, to its Indian sub-branch, more properly-referred to as 'Indo-Aryan'.
		There is evidence of speakers of Indo-Aryan in Mesopotamia around 1500 BC in the form of loanwords in the Mitanni dialect of Hurrian, the speakers of which, it is speculated, may have once had an Indo-Aryan ruling class.
		This meaning was, and still is, common in theories of racial superiority which were embraced by Nazi Germany.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/a/r/y/Aryan.html (0 words)

	Georgia: Past, Present, Future...
		This is a Marxist theory which prevails to the present day and which some of our scholars cannot get rid of, continuing to labor under it.
		Japhetic is one of their branches and incidentally, the Japheth of the Old Testament is re-lated to the Iapetus of ancient Greek mythology.
		Such is Marr's theory, for which Stalin rebuked him; Marr's theory was anathematized because it gave an objective interpretation of the prehistoric period and the origin of the Georgian language.
	rustaveli.tripod.com /mission.html (10190 words)

	India Discussion Forum - Indian History, Culture, Politics, News, Strategic Security, Hinduism. -> Aryan ...
		Their linguistics rules appear to be non-deterministic and I have serious suspicions that these rules are influenced by their biases in favour of their belief in Aryans.
		Linguists are not yet certain whether the Anatolian group broke away from the parent language, Proto-Indo-European, before any other known Indo-European tongue, or whether it was merely one of the earliest to break away.
		Linguistics insists on working in theory only - even though it doesn't have to, because the other fields like archaeology, genetics, anthropology can track down populations and their movements and can confirm or contradict the large-scale models generated by linguistics.
	www.india-forum.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=1367&st=60 (7788 words)

	Back
		The Scythian-Iranian theory follows the logic: Ossetians speak the Northern branch of the Iranian language, Ossetians are Alans, Alans are Sarmatian tribe, Sarmatians are akin to Scythians, hence Scythians were Ossetian speaking, hence linguistically the Scythians belonged to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European family of languages.
		Japhetic) peoples as Chechens, Kabardinians, Abkhazes, Georgians, Dagestanis, not Türkic, as Balkars, Karachais, Kumyks, Azerbaijanis, but to the peoples of Europe, Iran and India, peoples of the so-called Indo-European family.
		On the contrary, the Caucasian (Japhetic) startle with the plethora of phonems.
	wanclik.free.fr /ossetians.htm (0 words)

	Japhetic Languages - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Japhetic Languages, term once used by some scholars to indicate a third great family of languages, close to Semitic and Hamitic.
		Language, the principal means used by human beings to communicate with one another.
		This is an obsolete pre-scientific term for the languages spoken by the descendants of Japheth, son of Noah
	encarta.msn.com /Japhetic_Languages.html (203 words)

	Dag
		It allows citizens of the five Nordic countries to use their respective mother tongues (provided it is one of Swedish, Danish, Finnish, Icelandic or one of the two standardised varieties of Norwegian) in contacts with authorities in the neighbouring countries.
		Linguistic evidence later suggests that he was in fact innocent.
		This is the beginning of a debate on the so-called Japhetic language family, a debate which rages until June 20th, when Stalin himself sides with the critics.
	www.ling.su.se /staff/parkvall/Calendar.html (0 words)

	Georgia: Past, Present, Future...
		Professor Nikolai Marr, a prominent scholar of the Caucasian languages, brought into use the term "Japhetic" to designate the Georgians together with other surviving remnants of the ethnic group which he and other scholars believed to have inhabited the Mediterranean basin before the arrival of the Indo-Europeans on the scene circa II millenium BCE.
		The theory claimed that Japhetic languages, Georgian among them, had existed across Europe before the advent of the Indo-European languages and could be recognized as a foundation over which the Indo-European languages had imposed themselves.
		It was argued that Ioane Zosime’s reference to the Georgian language as Lazarus and his four-day burial referred to the eclipsing of a Japhetic civilization, of which proto-Georgian culture was part, by Indo-European newcomers and the soon-to-be expected revival of Georgia.
	rustaveli.tripod.com /language.html (1714 words)

	These are the three sons of Noah, and of them was the whole earth overspread
		In 1996, Mair hosted a conference of 50 international experts on the archaeology, linguistics, and physical anthropology of the Central Eurasian societies related to the mummies; the proceedings were published in two dense and informative volumes in 1998, and textile specialist Elizabeth Barber issued a book on the Tarim textiles.
		Their linguistic heritage and perhaps their physical remains are found in the southern and western portions of the Tarim.
		Neither did Japhet participate in that confusion, hence “their” words were one until, after time and separation, their different types of language developed by purely natural processes.
	www.israelect.com /reference/WillieMartin/Cradle_Land.htm (3643 words)

	Antiquity, Past Antiquity: 1848 Special Section - Thompson
		In marxist theory cultural remains are mainly of interest in illustrating a preconceived form of social evolution, but in marxist practice in the Soviet Union two further factors have to be taken into account.
		As this was the official theory during the years of oppression in the 1930s the term 'Marrism' has come to be associated with the terrible events of that period.
		An interesting theory is that of Semenov who regards the cultural terms as representing technological stages, as was done by some 19th-century archaeologists [12].
	antiquity.ac.uk /Listing/1848thompson.html (0 words)

	Greek VS Hebrew, or what language does Yahweh speak?
		This theory fit nicely with the established idea that all European peoples belonged racially to the Aryan or Indo-European racial group, and were thus descendants of Japheth.
		Linguists who adhere to these ideas will admit that while the Hamitic, Semitic, and Indo-European branches came from the same origin the resultant languages of today bear little if any resemblance, and other than isolated similarities to ancient far eastern Sanskrit the parent language has been lost.
		The result was then a "melting pot" of international linguistics, derived from cultures for the most part untraceable, except for their influence upon the language of the Hellenes.
	assemblyoftrueisrael.com /Documents/GreekvsHebrew.htm (6287 words)

	Japhetic
		Aryan invasion theory, often abbreviated to AIT, is a term used to refer to the theory developed by 19th Century European linguists to explain the similarity between Sanskrit and European languages, supposing the invasion or migration of peoples who originated outside of India.
		The theory arose from the discovery by William Jones that Sanskrit was related to the classical European languages Latin and Greek, and to Avestan, the ancient language of Iran.
		For Jones, writing in the 1790s, this discovery was consistent with the biblical account of the origins of the tribe of Japheth, one of the sons of Noah, who was thought to have been the ancestor of the European peoples, and to have migrated from Mount Ararat into Eu...
	www.experiencefestival.com /japhetic (2302 words)

	[No title]
		The linguistic theory of Johann Gottfried Herder (1744—1803) contributed to this development by endowing words, and the memories they preserved of German speakers’ common descent, with almost mythic powers to create culture and community.
		Language was an agent of historical transformation in Herder’s linguistic theory, an independent force that helped determine the character of a people, as well as how that people exercised their powers of reason and reflection.
		Linguistic ties could only be confirmed, in his mind, through documentation of the “physische Gleichförmigkeit” [physical uniformity] among the people that spoke them.
	www.cssaame.com /issues/24_2/benes.doc (8098 words)

	Toronto Slavic Quarterly: M. Bakhtin's Circle and the "Stalinist scienceScience"
		This figure of a crossbred linguistic species is rather frequent in linguistic debates in 19th and in the early 20th centuries.
		Soviet linguistic politics was proclaimed to be a therapy of language, assisting in purging the Russian language of borrowings, "inorganic elements" and, with respect to its theory, of "sterile formalism".
		J. Schaeffer thus formulates the nucleus of Bakhtin's theory of the novel: a) novel is a fundamental literary expression of the modern age.
	www.utoronto.ca /tsq/13/chougounnikov13.shtml (6377 words)

	THE STRUGGLE AGAINST REVISIONISM - COMPASS ISSUE 126 - February 1997
		Japhetic elements began to 'appear' in the most diverse languages; the Japhetic languages turned out to be 'related' to all languages; hence relationship by origin, or genetic relationship, lost all meaning (Arnold S. Chikobava: 'On Certain Problems of Soviet Linguistics' (May 1950), in: Elizabeth Kresky (Ed.): op.
		Yet it cannot be denied that the linguistic affinity of nations like the Slav nations is beyond question, and that a study of the linguistic affinity of these nations 'night be of great value to linguists in the study of the laws of language development".
		Linguistic scholars were appointed to leading posts not on their merits, but because of their unqualified acceptance of N. Marr's theories.
	website.lineone.net /~comleague/compass/com12601.html (0 words)

	Ecological Semiotics Set of Problems and Some Biosemiotic Traditions
		Biosemiotic theories seem suitable for ecosystem functional descriptions, explanation, and – what is even more important – their forecast or predictive capacities.
		The mythical Marr’s “New Japhetic Linguistics” and the anti-scientific Lysenko’s “Agricultural Practice” might serve as a sufficient example of such phenomena.
		Mammals’ signal field ecological theory, the elaboration of which was started by a Moscow zoologist Naumov in 1977 and was developed in Mozgovoy’s and Rozenberg’s research (Mozgovoy and Rozenberg, 1992), that assumes the possibility of building a semiotic system, oriented to the sign information recipient.
	www.library.utoronto.ca /see/SEED/Vol3-1/Vladimirova_2.html (0 words)

	THE STRUGGLE AGAINST REVISIONISM - COMPASS ISSUE 126 - February 1997
		Japhetic elements began to 'appear' in the most diverse languages; the Japhetic languages turned out to be 'related' to all languages; hence relationship by origin, or genetic relationship, lost all meaning (Arnold S. Chikobava: 'On Certain Problems of Soviet Linguistics' (May 1950), in: Elizabeth Kresky (Ed.): op.
		Yet it cannot be denied that the linguistic affinity of nations like the Slav nations is beyond question, and that a study of the linguistic affinity of these nations 'night be of great value to linguists in the study of the laws of language development".
		Linguistic scholars were appointed to leading posts not on their merits, but because of their unqualified acceptance of N. Marr's theories.
	www.oneparty.co.uk /compass/compass/com12601.html (7955 words)

	Aryan - Toseeka Search Results
		In linguistics, it is sometimes still used in reference to the Indo-Iranian language family, but it is primarily restricted to the compound Indo-Aryan, the Indic subgroup of the Indo-Iranian branch.
		Max Müller and other 19th century linguists theorized that the term *arya was used as the self-description of the Proto-Indo-Europeans, who were often referred to at this time as the "primitive Aryans".
		Such theories were used to justify the introduction of the so-called "Aryan laws" by the Nazis, depriving "non-Aryans" of citizenship and employment rights, and prohibiting marriage between Aryans and non-Aryans.
	www.toseeka.com /subject/Aryan (0 words)

	Revising the “Aryan Invasion of India” Theory « \|\| Satyameva Jayate \|\|
		The fact that this theory flew in the face of empirical evidence (where are the red and yellow-coloured castes in India?) was also conveniently ignored.
		To summarise, the theory of two distinct races (Aryan and Dravidian) is neither tenable on empirical evidence nor on religious, linguistic and “cultural” grounds.
		Note that instead of admitting that the Aryan Invasion Theory may not be true and there may have been continuity in the civilization and culture for the past five thousand years, British historians used the evidence to confirm to the hypothesis of a superior race invading India.
	satyameva-jayate.org /2005/10/08/revising-the-aryan-invasion-of-india-theory (12222 words)

	Kinship Studies » Russians and Germans: Archaeologies of a Kinsite
		The theories of a Tsarist officer and a Russian German, Fedor Vinberg, constitute a bridge between the Black Hundred movement in Russia and the Nazi movement in Germany.
		In the 1920-1940s, Soviet linguistics was dominated by the gaudy theories of Nikolai Marr (1865-1934), who treated the history of human languages in terms of the evolution of socioeconomic relations (Thomas 1957).
		The so-called “Japhetic” theory (from Japhet, the biblical brother of Shem) postulated genetic relationship between Caucasian, Semitic and Basque languages.
	kinshipstudies.org /?page_id=118 (17146 words)

	Aryans and British India:9780520205468:Trautmann, Thomas R.:eCampus.com
		this intellectual effervescence was the new theory of language that arose from acquaintance with Sanskrit, the ancient language of Indiaâ”which is to say, the theory of an Indo-European language family comprising (roughly) Sanskrit and its descendants in North India and Sri Lanka, Persian, and the languages of Europe.
		While the tree remains a powerful paradigm in historical linguistics and in biology (which has recently given it a new-old name, "cladistics"), it has long since faded from ethnology, and an effort of the imagination is required to recover a sense of its former dominance.
		It is sometimes suggested that linguistic and ethnological usage of the tree idea derives from biology, specifically comparative physiology, but Charles Darwin makes it quite clear in his great chapter on classification in On the origin of species (1859) that the influence runs from linguistics/ethnology to biology (see chapter 2).
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=0520205464 (8823 words)

	Tenser, said the Tensor: Japhetic Babbling?
		A study of the prehistory of the Japhetic languages leads to the universally valid conclusion that tribal names represent the primordial stuff of human language.
		Just in case Dunstan decides to take your "advice," she should know that no GUT of Stupid Linguistics would be complete without also reconciling the Sun Language Theory, which has its own set of syllabic primitives.
		Tenser, said the Tensor is the blog of a graduate student in linguistics.
	tenser.typepad.com /tenser_said_the_tensor/2006/12/japhetic_babbli.html (823 words)

	Language Fragments
		This is known as Japhetic theory named for Noah's son Japheth, whose descendants passed down the 12, oh wait, 4 sacred syllables.
		According to Marr, the Japhetic language is the universal language of the proletariat.
		To back this up, Chomsky provides perhaps the most famous linguistics example in the universe, often used to demonstrate the infinite productivity of language; the sentence "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously." In its original context, it was used to show that while statistically unlikely, a sentence can still be perfectly grammatical.
	languagefragments.blogspot.com (2234 words)

	Computational Linguistics community
		I have a BA in linguistics (with anthropology, and some psychology) and will be finishing up an MS/MSE in computer science (with a focus in artificial intelligence, and language/compiler design) next spring.
		Interest in computational linguistics is more along the lines of natural language processing and other more theoretical linguistic topics, rather than data mining or statistical analyses.
		Interest in linguistics is split between theory (esp. morphosyntax; OT; agglutinative syntax) and sociolinguistics (esp. re the effects of technology on society/language; gender/sexuality; Japanese and Korean).
	community.livejournal.com /compling (1782 words)

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