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Topic: Jaqaru

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	Aymara language FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Jaqaru aru = human language and Kawki communities are in the district of Tupe, Yauyos Valley, in the Dept. of Lima, Peru.
		Jaqaru has approximately 5,000 native speakers, nearly all Spanish bilinguals.
		Kawki is spoken in a neighboring community by a very small number of mostly elderly individuals and is a dying language.
	www.proencyclopedia.com /en/Aymara_language (542 words)

	Aymara language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This cannot be proven, but it is known that the language was spoken by the rich Aymara kingdoms, who were later conquered by the Inca.
		Aymara is one of three extant languages of the Jaqi language family along with Jaqaru and Kawki.
		Jaqaru [jaqi aru = human language] and Kawki communities are in the district of Tupe, Yauyos Valley, in the Dept. of Lima, Peru.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Aymara_language (1138 words)

	Jaqaru language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jaqaru or Kawki is a language that belongs to the Aymaran or Jaqi family of languages to which Aymara also belongs.
		It is spoken in the districts of Tupe and Catahuasi in the province of Yauyos, within the Peruvian region of Lima.
		The Sounds of the Andean Languages listen online to pronunciations of Jaqaru words, see photos of speakers and their home region, learn about the origins of Jaqaru and its relationship to the Aymara language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kawki_language (150 words)

	Jaqaru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Jaqaru, a member of the Jaqi family of languages (Jaqaru, Kawki,
		Children today are all bilingual in Jaqaru and Spanish.
		She began study of Jaqaru in the fifties and
	grove.ufl.edu /~hardman/almp/jaqaru.html (222 words)

	Aymara and Quechua : Languages in Contact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Another example of the same type is from jaqaru, shupuna 'jacket' from when the Spanish still used jubones, cognate with modern French jupe 'skirt", and also before the consonant shift, that is, during approximately the first century after the conquest.
		Furthermore, Tupe, where Jaqaru is spoken, was for a long period, lasting up to about 25 years ago, the cultural center of the area.
		As one example the form mamshqa 'with your mother' from Jaqaru mama 'mother' plus -sa 'fourth person possessive' plus -wshqa 'subject coordinate' requires a number of complex morphophonemic rules involving both morphological and phonological conditioning to account for the surface form.
	www.aymara.org /biblio/quechua.html (4564 words)

	October 2000 CLASnotes: Book Beat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Jaqaru, a member of the Jaqi family of languages (Jaqaru, Kawki, Amara), is spoken in the Andes Mountains of Perú by a few thousand people resident both in Tupe and nearby villages and as migrants in cities.
		When I first began my study of the Jaqaru language in 1959 there still were monolingual speakers of Jaqaru and quite a few people who had learned Spanish only very late in life, whose knowledge of Spanish was limited.
		Today all of the young people of Tupe are bilingual and a number of children now do not speak Jaqaru although they do understand.
	clasnews.clas.ufl.edu /news/clasnotes/0010/bookbeat.html (1089 words)

	Aymara: language, culture, and people (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Hardman was able to show that the Aymara spoken on the Titicaca plateau, Jaqaru, and Kawki, belong to the same family of languages, to which she gave the name Jaqi.
		Cerron Palomino's argument rests on the need to find a pattern of symmetry, regarding the terminology applied to Aymara language and in relation to the Quechua family, for which names such as simi were discarded as unacceptable.
		This in turn makes us think, that within one or two generations Jaqaru, daughter language in the Aymara family, will also come to be one of the extinct languages of the world.
	www.aymara.org /histo_eng.php (4782 words)

	A Lexical Comparison Between Jaqaru and Kawki
		Stage 2: After a certain period of time to ensure that previous elicitation sessions are no longer fresh in informants’ minds, repeat a similar process to stage 1, but in reverse, i.
		Stage 3: Again after a certain period of time, prompt informants with the lexemes they previously gave, and check whether their response matches the source word it had been elicited with.
		Stage 4: For all putative lexical differences between Kawki and the forms in the Jaqaru dictionary identified in the previous stages, cross-check with a speaker of the Jaqaru variety.
	www.quechua.org.uk /Jaqmashi/Eng/Linguistics/FEIST.HTM (1104 words)

	LINGUIST List 11.150: Japanese, Amerindian, Australian Linguistics
		Jaqaru M.J. University of Florida Jaqaru, a member of the Jaqi family of languages (Jaqaru, Kawki, Aymara), is spoken in the Andes Mountains of Per� by a few thousand people resident both in Tupe and nearby villages and as migrants in cities.
		She began study of Jaqaru in the fifties and has since been continually involved with one or another of the Jaqi languages for which she has written grammars, teaching materials and cultural studies.
		She founded INEL (Instituto Nacional de Estudios Ling��sticos) in Bolivia and the Aymara Language Materials Program at the University of Florida.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/11/11-150.html (1037 words)

	Revista de Cultura Tradicional : Alfa - Redi
		This Language is part of a family of languages name Aru, integrated also by the Jaqaru language.
		It was born with the Protoaymara, in the Central Andes.
		Around 700, this last one divides in the presently knows, aymara and kawki, even though this last one is an endangered language, it’s still spoken by the elders in the district of Catahuasi, in the Yauyos Province, State of Lima.
	www.alfa-redi.org /ar-cultura-rct-articulo.shtml?x=5540 (1513 words)

	Linguistic Research on Jaqaru and Kawki
		A Comparative Study of the Place of Kawki and Jaqaru within the Aymara Language Family
		This research was the outcome of visits by the Peruvian linguist Dante Oliva León to the Jaqaru- and Kawki-speaking villages of the Yauyos region in
		A major article on the outcomes from this research was published, in Spanish, in May 2005.
	www.quechua.org.uk /Jaqmashi/Eng/Linguistics/LING.HTM (1047 words)

	Central Institute of Indian Languages
		A crucial question we shall address at this conference is how ill-conceived and short-sighted language planning policies may ultimately contribute to environmental imbalance and instability, dangers that are often very little understood.
		When the effort is made to ‘revitalize’ languages, such as Lakota and Mohawk in the North America, Hawai’ian and Maori in the Pacific, Jaqaru and Mapudungun in South America, it does not mean that these languages lacked vitality.
		It simply means that their vitality potential has been given legitimate succour and support to develop and meet the new demands on them, including the demands of bi/multilingualism caused by globalization, urbanization and language contact.
	www.ciil.org /Main/Announcement/Abstracts/Index.htm (1524 words)

	Amazon.com: Jaqaru: outline of phonological and morphological structure, (Janua linguarum): Books: Martha James Hardman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Amazon.com: Jaqaru: outline of phonological and morphological structure, (Janua linguarum): Books: Martha James Hardman
		I own the rights to this title and would like to make it available again through Amazon.
		Jaqaru: outline of phonological and morphological structure, (Janua linguarum) (Unknown Binding)
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B0006BPN3C?v=glance (278 words)

	Indigenous Languages of South America
		The sound systems of South American languages are extremely diverse and share few phonological features, except for the absence of complext consonant clusters that characterizes all languages.
		The number of phonemes ranges from 42 in Jaqaru to 17 in Asháninka.
		Quechua has only three vowels, while Apinayé has ten oral and 7 nasal vowels.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december2005/saIndigenous.html (1247 words)

	ODIN results for language Jaqaru (JQR) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		List of documents and pages with Interlinear examples for Jaqaru (JQR)
		The results presented here represent data found on the Web that contain suspected instances of Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT).
		Funding for ODIN has been provided by the Data-Driven Linguistics Ontology grant (NSF BCS #0411348), the EMELD grant (NSF ITR #0094934), and the California State University, Fresno.
	www.csufresno.edu /odin/igt_urls.php?lang=JQR (205 words)

	Athena Review 1,3: South American Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Aymaran: With about 1.5 million speakers, Aymaran (in the Jaqi family) is spoken in the highlands of Peru and Bolivia, in northern Chile, and Argentina.
		Other Jaqi languages include Jaqaru and the extinct Kawki.
		Aymaran was also well documented by missionaries, starting in 1584 with a catechism written by an anonymous Aymara convert to Catholicism.
	www.athenapub.com /salang1.htm (2065 words)

	Bilingual Education Publications
		1986 Two Jaqaru Riddle pages, used as handouts for the Library and for the Celebration, to show written Jaqaru.
		1986 Seven Jaqaru write–on primer pages, for exercise in writing Jaqaru; for use in the library.
		AWANT JAQAR QILLQ YATXI 16 pp (illustrated by Shumaya Martha Bautista Hardman
	grove.ufl.edu /~hardman/biblio/bilinedpub.html (594 words)

	Chris Pound's Name Generation Page
		For those of you unable to run these scripts, I've provided sample output for many of the datasets below.
		Note that the English names were collected using a list of local Rice users and may not be ideal.
		Jaqaru (words from a language related to Aymara) -- (sample output)
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~pound (1159 words)

	A few words on Quechua
		It has long been believed that Quechua and Aymara are related, but doubt has recently been cast on this hypothesis.
		The chief problem is that the similarity (lexical and phonological) is most pronounced between Cuzco Quechua and its neighbor Aymara; other dialects of Quechua, and Aymara's relative Jaqaru, are less obviously related.
		It may be that Quechua has simply borrowed massively from its neighbor (or vice versa).
	www.zompist.com /quechua (2060 words)

	Language Reference Page
		The vast majority of speakers (~13,000) speak the Western Apache dialect.
		Aymara is a South American Indian language, related to Quechua and Jaqaru (spoken by a few thousand in Peru).
		Aymara is spoken by about 2.5 million people in Bolivia, 400,000 in Peru, and several thousand in Argentina and Chile.
	epsilon3.georgetown.edu /~ballc/languageid/ref_langs.html (2141 words)

	REAPSouth Team
		Her church and Parkridge BC of Coral Springs, FL form the Florida Partnership.
		Chad serves "on-site" among the Jaqaru People, located in the province of Yauyos in the state of Lima in Peru.
		Chad has come to Peru three years in a row.
	www.reapsouth.org /reapsouth_team.htm (436 words)

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