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	Javanese beliefs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Javanese beliefs (Kebatinan or Kejawen) have principles embodying a "search for inner self" but at the core is the concept of Peace Of Mind.
		Javanese beliefs are a combination of occultism, metaphysics, mysticism and other esoteric doctrines, exemplifying a Javanese tendency for synthesis.
		The Javanese mind is essentially a flexible and pragmatic one as far as a person's spiritual life is concerned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kejawen (826 words)

	Subud - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name "Subud" is an acronym that stands for three Javanese words of Sanskrit derivation, "Susila Budhi Dharma".
		Subud is not "content-free mysticism" but like all 'movements' has the tendency to accept certain beliefs regarding homosexuality, pre-marital sex, or abortion that come from religions or value systems of its members.
		Because there are no specific religious beliefs associated with Subud or the latihan, many people come to Subud looking for the kind of spiritual and social structure that is present in traditional religious institutions, and they might become disillusioned with Subud and leave.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Subud (2992 words)

	[No title]
		JAVANESE SOCIETY The spirit of mystical union between servant and Lord, through the maintenance of total harmony together with surrender to God, provide a paradigm for the Javanese social life for family, community, and in modern era, for political organization.
		And thus, the ideal society for the Javanese culture is "one in which "kawula" (subjects) are governed by the will of the sultan, who is subject to Allah alone" (Woodward 1989:182.) The syncretistic, undifferentiated thinking of the Javanese person develops a concept of power that is very different from that of the Western person.
		Javanese social life has been changing towards modernity along with the spirit of modern capitalism through the "Five Years Development Program." Nevertheless the essence of traditional Javanese culture is deeply rooted in their lives.
	www.xs4all.nl /~noes/engels/mysticism.htm (4590 words)

	javanesse [WiwitWiki]
		Javanese people were originated from the island of Java.
		In Indonesia, Javanese could be found in all fields, especially in the government and the military.
		The famous Javanese wayang puppetry culture was influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism.
	www.geophysik.uni-muenchen.de /~wiwit/doku.php?id=javanesse (521 words)

	Indonesia - Javanese
		Although many Javanese expressed pride at the grand achievements of the illustrious courts of Surakarta and Yogyakarta and admired the traditional arts, most Javanese tended to identify not with that elite tradition, or even with a lineage or a clan, but with their own villages.
		Javanese has many such triads--so many that people cannot speak for long in Javanese without having to make a choice, at which point they must decide whether the situation is formal or informal and what the relations among the participants are.
		Although most Javanese are Muslims, the wide variations in Islamic beliefs and practices are associated with complex factors such as regional history and social class.
	countrystudies.us /indonesia/45.htm (1338 words)

	Central Javanese Gamelan
		The language we call Javanese is spoken in the central and eastern parts of the island of Java.
		Javanese is a very complicated language, consisting of three distinct vocabularies and grammars to be used with those in superior, equal, or inferior social positions with respect to the speaker.
		Javanese religion is termed "syncretistic" (i.e., combining various influences), and it is generally only our tendency to give priority to the monotheistic religions which yields the Javanese the designation of "Islamic" per se.
	www.medieval.org /music/world/java.html (2204 words)

	What anthropologists mean when they talk about culture
		His anthropological knowledge -- of spirits, witchcraft, and indigenous beliefs -- is built on a static definition of culture and denies the impact of his presence on community healing practices.
		It is proper, she was told, to bathe your child and to place the child in the direct sunlight for an hour in the early morning (before 9 A.M.) to counteract the cooling effects of the bath and to keep your child warm.
		The Javanese have wayang puppets and palace courtesans; the Dani may have their public displays of artificial warring dances and pig chases, if they so desire, as long as it falls within the normative boundaries of "culture." "Culture" is "natural," and it distinguishes ethnic groups from one another.
	www.irja.org /anthro/lb.htm (3653 words)

	Indonesian Religions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The symbol of Indonesia is the mythical Garuda bird, the mount of Vishnu.
		Kebatinan is from the Javanese word batin, of Arabic origin, meaning "inner." There are a thousand kebatinan sects flourishing, mainly on Java, and most were founded this century.
		The beliefs and practices of the kebatinan sects go back to the eighth century CE and the start of Javanese Hindu-Buddhist civilisation (See Subud.).
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/indon/geness.html (1873 words)

	JAVANESE MYSTICISM - SUMARAH - INDONESIA - KEBATINAN - SPIRITUALITY
		Prevailing was the belief in powers, nature-spirits and souls of the deceased hidden in the unseen world.
		Anthropologist Clifford Geertz divides the Javanese population in three main groups: the abangan, the priyayi and the santri.
		If the aspiring Javanese trains himself by means of silence, he will see more clearly with his inner eyes, making it possible to see the essence of things, to remove the veil of mere appearances and temporary values.
	www.xs4all.nl /~wichm/javmys1.html (3991 words)

	Language Reference Guide For Javanese
		The Javanese language is used as a spoken and communal language in suburban and rural areas of Java, and in some parts the urban communities.
		Javanese language is used only on certain programs on the Radio or television and in certain columns.
		The Javanese used by the youth is merely a communication tool for use amongstthemselves, with poor vocabulary, and is no longer suitable for ‘serious occasions’, let alone for literary purpose.
	www.translationdirectory.com /article724.htm (2087 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		These are performed by laypeople or by male ritual specialists, such as the Mongolian bagshi, who makes sacrifices and offerings, consecrates horses to spirits, pronounces banishing spells and makes divinations, and tuul'ch (epic bards), who use their performances to accomplish exorcism and weather-magic and to invite prosperity, fertility and health.
		Bon refers to the pre-Buddhist system of beliefs and practices prevalent in Tibet until about the 8th century and to the textually-based doctrine that began to emerge from the 11th century onwards.
		Javanese gamelan is commonly performed in a variety of contexts; there can be considerable overlap in performance settings, patronage and musical repertory.
	www.luckymojo.com /esoteric/religion/dharmamusic.txt (9951 words)

	Quadrant Magazine
		Javanese are considered to be much more influenced by Islam (apart from the Badui people, who live in a pre-Islamic enclave in the mountains of Western Java—their abode is seen as priangan, the home of the spirits).
		Javanese folklore is full of stories of fairy-type abductions, of otherworldly beings who live in a variety of otherworldly realms: under the water, in the air, in a parallel dimension called Merkayanga, living lives very similar to humans’, down to their technology —apart from the fact that it is always twilight there.
		Traditional Javanese art forms, which are centred on the representation of human form, of magical elements, of an extraordinary mystical power, are of course anathema to the Islamist philistines, who also hate the traditional acceptance of women in public life: that sentiment is also one of Megawati’s problems.
	www.quadrant.org.au /php/archive_details_list.php?article_id=268 (3849 words)

	The Sundanese
		Kertanegara (1268-92) was the Javanese king at the conclusion of the Indonesian Hindu period.
		It was subdued by the Javanese kingdom of Majapahit under the famous prime minister, Gadjah Mada.
		The fall of the Javanese kingdom of Majapahit in 1468 has been linked with intrigue in the royal family due to the fact that a royal son, Raden Patah, had converted to Islam.
	www.sunda.org /sundanese/sundanese.htm (3295 words)

	Exploring Indonesia: Past and Present
		Sometimes the traditional beliefs in spirits are blended with other religious traditions, such as the Islamic belief in the existence of jin (spirits), or the Hindu belief in a myriad of gods and goddesses who control different aspects of the natural world such as the sun, the wind, and the sea.
		Even the Javanese language developed intricate methods of expression that required the speaker to choose different words to use when speaking to people of different social standing, and a special set of vocabulary was reserved for use when addressing the sultan.
		The complexity of the Javanese language and its built-in recognition of social hierarchy are often given as some of the reasons why it was not chosen as the national language.
	www.hawaii.edu /cseas/pubs/indonesia/indonesia.html (14573 words)

	ic_11_analysis
		The belief system of the average Javanese person is deeply influenced by the idea that there exists a mystical union between people, an idea which is derived from the Hindu religion.
		It is easy for the Javanese to understand the incarnation of the divine humanity of Jesus.
		The Javanese socio-economic system, with kawulo-Gusti as the base differentiates between the two classes of people on the basis of power and status.
	www.nyct.net /~china/ic_11_981012.html (4626 words)

	CHAPTER III: LITERATURE REVIEW
		Wessing (1978: 22) defines cosmology as "the delineation of ideas and beliefs about the structure of the universe, as the basis for the values and truths it proclaims." To many Javanese, the universe is seen as a container with finite boundaries that is filled with elements animated by various types of power.
		Javanese believe that it is caused by a chill or the entry of too much wind into the mouth or nasal passage.
		Within the cosmology of the Javanese and many other cultural groups in Java, the universe is seen as a balanced whole and traditional customs are seen as a way to live without upsetting this balance.
	users.ids.net /~weismanr/litrev.html (6393 words)

	Nine Reasons for Traditional Beliefs In Thailand's Auspicious Trees
		On this auspicious month it, therefore, seems appropriate to mention Thailand's Nine Auspicious Trees and to illustrate H.M. The King watering the tree saplings to indicate his care for the environment and the nourishment of his kingdom.
		The trees were not planted at random but according to ancient beliefs in which was the most auspicious order.
		The Javanese Cassia (Cassia Javanica Linn) is an umbrella shaped tree, rising to a height of 15 meters, which produces a display of pink blossoms during Thailand's hot season, Feb-April.
	www.chiangmai-chiangrai.com /nine_auspicious_trees.html (994 words)

	Pacific Islands to 1875 by Sanderson Beck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, and most of the islands of the south Pacific developed their own isolated cultures and native beliefs but were not much affected by literate civilization until the arrival of sailing vessels in the 16th century.
		The year 1478 was the end of a century in the Javanese calendar and is considered the date for the fall of the Majapahit empire.
		The Javanese resented their European and Chinese landlords, and Hamengkubuwana III's son Pangeran Dipanagara led a revolt in 1825 that began the five-year Java War.
	www.san.beck.org /2-13-PacificIslands.html (23410 words)

	[No title]
		Discussion The results did indicate that the cultural education session was effective in increasing understanding of Javanese culture and demonstrates the benefit of rich background knowledge in assisting students to understand episodes of cultural conflict occurring in an unfamiliar cultural environment.
		Furthermore, when two episodes of cultural conflicts within Javanese culture, differing in cultural opaqueness (obvious example vs. culture-specific example), were compared, the understanding of the culture-specific episode showed significant improvement compared to the increase in understanding of the more general episode.
		Motivation to interact with other cultures and negation of former cultural beliefs are significant predictors of interest in the new culture after receiving education.
	www.aare.edu.au /96pap/ohtsk96173.txt (1915 words)

	Asia Times Online Community and News Discussion - Religon in Indonesia
		In Hindu Bali which is almost a snapshot in time of Java prior to the end of the Javanese Islam Hindu wars*, it is not possible for an individual villager to be of a different religion, their religion their social structure and their reality are one, indistinguishable.
		Javanese in rural Bali are regularly killed if found at night, often burned alive as theives, no jury no questions; maling bakar aja (just a burnt thief).
		This belief and the correct burial is held by many from alteast Southern Sumatra through Java Bali and Lombok.
	forum.atimes.com /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=468 (2355 words)

	CHAPTER II
		Likewise Javanese society is hierarchic as manifested in its language, which reflects the three levels of society.
		Javanese mysticism recognizes that ordinary life is the flux between good and bad feelings, between happiness and unhappiness.
		Javanese mysticism is dualistic because it dichotomizes the inner man and the outer man, matter and spirit.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series03/III-8/chapter_ii.htm (6694 words)

	[No title]
		The combining of these colors in the decorative detail of palace pavilions and buildings is said to symbolize the syncretism of Javanese court culture, a celebration of the varied currents of influence, both of indigenous and foreign origin, that have contributed to the rich and complex culture of the Javanese elite.
		The casings of gamelan instruments provide the Javanese imagination with all sorts of surfaces begging to be brought to life visually through carving.
		In particular the colors used, the garuda and its connection with the Hindu god Wisnu, the royal crest of the house of Hamengku Buwana, and the dramatic yeksa figure are motifs and icons that are found in and on other objects and structures throughout the Yogyakarta palace.
	web.grinnell.edu /courses/mus/gamelans/symbolism.html (804 words)

	Ikatan Arsitek Lansekap Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Indonesia is a surprise with its uniqueness in the shape of an archipelagic country, comprising of more than 13,000 islands lie along the equator that stretches over a distance of some 5,120 km, or equal to that from San Fransisco to New York in America.
		This short course is hoped to be able to fulfil curiosities in Indonesia's ethnic landscapes-and as a start, Java, especially Central Java, is chosen as the primary concentration, because the Javanese culture is considered as the dominant culture in Indonesia.
		Central Java is particularly known with its unique culture resulting from a blend of the autochthonous, Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic beliefs that shown their expressions in its cultural landscape.
	www.pniali.org /indo_landscape.htm (324 words)

	The Jakarta Post - The Journal of Indonesia Today
		The beliefs and practices of Javanese Muslim communities can be designated as folk Islam or popular Islam, to distinguish them from "high Islam", which is scripturalist and sharia-oriented.
		In such a situation, in order for Islam to make sense to the Javanese and for the Javanese to grasp the deeper meaning of Islam, it seems that syncretism is inevitable (here I agree with Leonardo Boff, in Church: Charism, and Power, that syncretism is something positive and a normal process).
		For Javanese, such "synthesizing" is the central element of the dominant Javanese ideology.
	www.thejakartapost.com /yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20050513.E02 (984 words)

	Abangan History Summary
		The slametan is a feast offered to the immediate (male) community and accompanied by incense and prayer to mark a special occasion, to placate the spirits, and to confer on participants and their families a state of being slamet, or healthy and calm.
		Geertz distinguished abangan beliefs from the similarly syncretistic Javanese aristocratic priyayi tradition, but most observers now use the term priyayi to indicate aristocratic status and culture in general and regard it as part of the broader abangan or Kejawen category.
		A passage in the Indonesian constitution, which refers to religion and belief as if they were separate phenomena, however, gave the government a legal basis for regarding belief as part of culture and therefore for supporting it through the Department of Education and Culture, in which abangan Javanese tended to be more influential.
	www.bookrags.com /history/worldhistory/abangan-ema-01 (560 words)

	Introduction:
		It is also within the frame of these two epics that the Balinese created their indigenous characters and philosophical thoughts to indicate how to maintain the balance between the universe and the individual.
		Semar, was created on the basis of Balinese’ animistic belief, which they believe that he is the eldest descendant of the greatest god (Geertz 1960: 276).
		Traditional Javanese’s belief on “all religions are good, but none is good for everyone” prepares the “roads” for the mixture of the various religions to serve human beings their spiritual needs (Geertz 1960: 336).
	www.public.asu.edu /~jwang2/portfolio/myworks/paper4.htm (3993 words)

	Candi Sukuh - Erotic Temples On Mt Lawu, Java, Indonesia
		By this time, Javanese religion and art had diverged far from the Indian precepts that exerted significant influence during the 8th-10th centuries, an a new and idiosyncratic style had developed.
		Because the temples are so distinctive, and because we possess few records of Javanese beliefs and ceremonies during the 15th century, it is difficult to interpret the significance of much of what we see on the antiquities of this period.
		He is Bima, an incarnation of Siva who became the focus of a Javanese cult in the 15th century, filling the role of a savior figure.
	weecheng.com /indonesia/candisukuh.htm (1619 words)

	Creating Indonesian Cultures (Paul Alexander)
		There are two different slametan styles but the division is not along ethnic lines (between the Javanese and the indigenous Banjar) but rather on occupational lines.
		Of the two essays on religion the first, "Interpreting Javanist Millenial Imagery", is a study of the continuing relevance of certain indigenous Javanist religious beliefs to the present day political process.
		The second, "States of Consciousness and Javanese Ecstatics", is perhaps the most theoretical of all the essays, with more than half of it devoted to the construction of a completely general typology of mystical experiences.
	dannyreviews.com /h/Creating_Indonesian_Cultures.html (696 words)

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